UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 18 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 18 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 132 SFC 990 215 13.6 6.6 63 7.0 9.8 0 0 287.6 288.7 283.4 305.0 6.18 2 925 783 8.2 4.8 79 3.4 6.5 225 7 287.7 288.7 283.1 304.2 5.83 3 916 864 7.6 4.9 83 2.7 6.2 225 9 287.9 288.9 283.2 304.7 5.93 4 912 900 7.4 4.1 80 3.3 5.7 225 11 288.0 289.0 283.0 304.0 5.63 5 909 927 7.8 0.8 61 7.0 4.5 226 11 288.7 289.5 282.0 301.5 4.46 6 906 954 7.6 2.6 71 5.0 5.1 228 11 288.8 289.7 282.7 303.3 5.09 7 902 991 7.8 -3.2 46 11.0 2.9 230 12 289.4 290.0 280.9 299.1 3.34 8 888 1119 7.6 -10.4 27 18.0 0.8 238 13 290.5 290.8 279.7 296.3 1.95 9 875 1241 7.6 -9.4 29 17.0 1.0 248 14 291.7 292.1 280.5 298.1 2.14 10 868 1307 7.2 -4.8 42 12.0 2.1 258 14 291.9 292.5 281.8 301.0 3.08 11 863 1355 6.8 1.8 70 5.0 4.3 266 15 292.0 292.9 284.0 306.6 5.05 12 859 1393 6.6 0.6 65 6.0 3.7 272 15 292.2 293.0 283.7 305.7 4.65 13 850 1479 5.6 2.0 78 3.6 3.8 285 15 292.0 292.9 284.2 307.1 5.20 14 849 1489 5.6 1.8 76 3.8 3.7 289 15 292.1 293.0 284.2 307.0 5.13 15 846 1518 5.2 3.0 86 2.2 4.1 302 17 292.0 293.0 284.7 308.2 5.62 16 843 1547 5.0 2.3 83 2.7 3.7 305 17 292.1 293.0 284.4 307.6 5.36 17 838 1596 4.8 4.2 96 0.6 4.5 305 17 292.4 293.5 285.4 310.1 6.18 18 835 1625 5.6 5.6 100 0.0 5.6 305 17 293.5 294.7 286.5 313.2 6.84 19 829 1684 7.4 7.4 100 0.0 7.4 305 16 296.0 297.4 288.3 318.7 7.81 20 817 1805 7.0 7.0 100 0.0 7.0 305 16 296.8 298.2 288.5 319.3 7.71 21 785 2135 8.4 8.4 100 0.0 8.4 310 29 301.7 303.4 291.1 328.0 8.85 22 725 2791 5.4 5.4 100 0.0 5.4 306 33 305.4 306.8 291.4 328.9 7.78 23 717 2882 5.6 4.7 94 0.9 5.1 309 34 306.6 308.0 291.5 329.3 7.49 24 700 3078 4.0 3.9 99 0.1 3.9 315 35 306.9 308.3 291.4 329.0 7.25 25 629 3940 -0.9 -0.9 100 0.0 -0.9 318 38 310.9 311.9 291.3 328.6 5.70 26 624 4003 -0.3 -1.6 91 1.3 -1.0 317 38 312.2 313.3 291.5 329.3 5.46 27 612 4158 -1.1 -3.4 84 2.3 -2.2 316 39 313.1 314.0 291.3 328.4 4.87 28 604 4263 -1.7 -3.4 88 1.7 -2.6 315 40 313.6 314.5 291.5 329.1 4.93 29 599 4329 -1.9 -5.5 76 3.6 -3.6 315 40 314.1 314.9 291.0 327.6 4.24 30 575 4653 -4.3 -6.2 87 1.9 -5.2 318 42 315.0 315.8 291.2 328.3 4.19 31 563 4819 -5.3 -8.5 78 3.2 -6.7 319 44 315.7 316.4 290.9 327.2 3.58 32 544 5088 -7.7 -9.4 88 1.7 -8.4 317 47 315.9 316.6 290.9 327.1 3.45 33 535 5217 -8.1 -10.2 85 2.1 -8.9 315 48 317.0 317.6 291.0 327.7 3.29 34 530 5290 -8.1 -12.0 73 3.9 -9.6 317 47 317.8 318.4 290.9 327.3 2.88 35 524 5379 -8.7 -12.0 77 3.3 -10.0 318 46 318.1 318.7 291.0 327.7 2.91 36 502 5709 -11.5 -13.1 88 1.6 -12.1 324 41 318.7 319.2 291.1 327.8 2.78 37 500 5740 -11.7 -13.4 87 1.7 -12.3 325 41 318.8 319.3 291.1 327.8 2.72 38 495 5817 -12.1 -13.8 87 1.7 -12.7 325 41 319.2 319.7 291.2 328.0 2.66 39 491 5879 -12.3 -16.0 74 3.7 -13.6 325 40 319.7 320.1 290.9 327.2 2.24 40 486 5957 -13.1 -15.1 85 2.0 -13.8 325 40 319.7 320.1 291.1 327.8 2.43 41 482 6020 -13.3 -16.1 79 2.8 -14.2 325 39 320.2 320.6 291.0 327.7 2.26 42 475 6132 -13.9 -16.0 84 2.1 -14.6 325 39 320.8 321.2 291.3 328.5 2.31 43 472 6180 -13.9 -17.9 72 4.0 -15.2 324 39 321.3 321.7 291.2 328.0 1.98 44 469 6228 -13.9 -18.9 66 5.0 -15.4 323 40 321.9 322.3 291.2 328.2 1.83 45 465 6293 -14.1 -18.1 72 4.0 -15.4 322 40 322.5 322.9 291.5 329.2 1.98 46 459 6392 -14.7 -19.3 68 4.6 -16.1 321 40 322.9 323.3 291.5 329.1 1.81 47 455 6458 -14.5 -21.5 55 7.0 -16.5 320 41 324.0 324.3 291.5 329.2 1.51 48 452 6509 -14.9 -22.9 50 8.0 -17.1 319 41 324.1 324.4 291.3 328.8 1.34 49 439 6729 -16.9 -23.9 55 7.0 -18.7 316 42 324.3 324.5 291.3 328.7 1.26 50 435 6797 -17.3 -25.3 50 8.0 -19.3 315 42 324.6 324.8 291.3 328.6 1.12 51 424 6989 -19.1 -21.6 81 2.5 -19.8 312 43 324.7 325.0 291.8 330.3 1.60 52 412 7202 -20.9 -22.0 91 1.1 -21.2 308 44 325.1 325.4 291.9 330.6 1.59 53 403 7365 -22.1 -24.1 84 2.0 -22.6 306 45 325.6 325.8 291.8 330.3 1.35 54 401 7402 -22.7 -24.1 88 1.4 -23.0 305 45 325.3 325.5 291.7 330.0 1.36 55 400 7420 -22.7 -24.4 86 1.7 -23.1 305 45 325.5 325.7 291.7 330.1 1.33 56 300 9470 -38.9 -41.1 80 2.2 -39.1 305 50 330.5 330.6 292.2 331.9 0.35 57 250 10700 -46.9 -50.9 64 4.0 -47.1 310 65 336.3 336.4 293.6 336.9 0.14 58 202 12077 -56.8 -64.7 37 7.8 -57.0 305 70 341.8 341.8 294.8 341.9 0.03 59 200 12140 -57.3 -65.3 36 8.0 -57.5 305 69 342.0 342.0 294.8 342.1 0.03 60 150 13930 -63.9 -79.9 10 16.0 -64.0 315 50 360.0 360.0 298.7 360.0 0.00 61 141 14306 -66.9 -79.9 14 13.0 -67.0 320 56 361.2 361.2 299.0 361.2 0.00 62 100 16390 -64.9 -85.9 4 21.0 -65.1 325 37 402.3 402.3 305.5 402.3 0.00 63 84 17449 -65.7 -86.7 4 21.0 -65.8 314 28 421.3 421.3 307.9 421.3 0.00 64 82 17596 -65.1 -88.1 3 23.0 -65.3 302 30 425.4 425.4 308.3 425.4 0.00 65 81 17671 -63.1 -87.1 3 24.0 -63.3 296 31 431.0 431.0 308.9 431.0 0.00 66 74 18222 -65.9 -87.9 3 22.0 -66.1 324 40 436.4 436.4 309.5 436.4 0.00 67 70 18560 -64.3 -88.3 2 24.0 -64.6 340 11 446.8 446.8 310.6 446.8 0.00 68 63 19208 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.9 306 20 464.5 464.5 312.1 464.5 0.00 69 56 19932 -64.3 -89.3 2 25.0 -64.6 291 15 476.3 476.3 313.1 476.3 0.00 70 54 20155 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.4 286 19 481.7 481.7 313.6 481.7 0.00 71 50 20630 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 295 13 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 72 48 20883 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.2 302 16 503.9 503.9 315.2 503.9 0.00 73 44 21425 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.4 294 19 521.5 521.5 316.4 521.5 0.00 74 41 21865 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.9 304 17 528.2 528.2 316.8 528.2 0.00 75 38 22339 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.7 338 15 545.9 545.9 317.9 545.9 0.00 76 32 23415 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -61.0 161 10 570.2 570.2 319.2 570.2 0.01 77 30 23820 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.5 260 15 588.4 588.4 320.0 588.5 0.01 78 25 24983 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -54.9 260 17 633.7 633.7 322.0 633.8 0.01 79 22 25804 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -56.6 258 28 651.4 651.4 322.7 651.4 0.01 80 20 26420 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -53.5 255 31 682.8 682.8 323.9 682.9 0.01 81 19 26755 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -53.4 255 32 694.2 694.2 324.3 694.3 0.02 82 18 27108 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -54.8 236 36 699.3 699.3 324.4 699.4 0.02 83 17 27479 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -54.2 239 37 714.0 714.0 324.8 714.2 0.02 84 15 28290 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -56.6 238 43 730.1 730.1 325.4 730.2 0.02 85 13 29214 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -55.8 241 37 766.8 766.8 326.4 767.0 0.02 86 13 29214 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -54.2 241 37 775.1 775.1 326.6 775.3 0.02 87 13 29214 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -53.7 241 37 777.9 777.9 326.7 778.1 0.02 88 12 29739 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -54.7 243 40 791.7 791.7 327.0 791.9 0.03 89 11 30311 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -53.8 246 44 818.9 818.9 327.7 819.2 0.03 90 10 30940 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -54.2 250 48 841.5 841.5 328.2 841.8 0.04 91 10 30940 -47.3 -84.3 1 37.0 -53.9 250 48 843.0 843.0 328.2 843.3 0.03 92 9.6 31210 -47.5 -83.5 1 36.0 -54.2 852.1 852.1 328.4 852.5 0.04 93 8.9 31705 -51.9 -85.9 1 34.0 -57.0 853.8 853.8 328.5 854.1 0.03 94 8.1 32321 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -55.4 890.6 890.6 329.2 891.0 0.04 95 7.9 32485 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -56.1 892.2 892.2 329.2 892.6 0.04 TRP 141 14306 -66.9 -79.9 14 13.0 -67.0 320 56 361.2 361.2 299.0 361.2 0.00 WND 202 12077 -56.8 -64.7 37 7.8 -57.0 305 70 341.8 341.8 294.8 341.9 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5608.00 m Freezing level: 642.04 mb = 3781.28 m = 12405.61 ft Wetbulb zero: 642.40 mb = 3769.73 m = 12367.74 ft Precipitable water: 1.23 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 85.16 % Est. max temperature: 18.26 C = 64.86 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 890.85 mb = 1093.03 m = 3586.03 ft T: 7.64 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.90 C/km ThetaE index: 7.05 C Layer 902.0- 875.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 594.50 mb = 4389.12 m = 14399.83 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.43 g/kg Conv temperature: 40.18 C = 104.32 F Cap Strength: 15.07 C Lifted Index: 14.88 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.32 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.48 C Showalter Index: 12.48 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 31.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.30 C Cross Totals Index: 13.70 C K Index: 19.20 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 95.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.30 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 9.02 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.25 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 66907.54 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.99 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 860.07 mb = 1382.50 m = 4535.69 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 343 at 23 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 163 23 -6.6 21.8 1 944 610 240 3 2.6 1.5 | 170 24 -4.0 23.3 2 925 783 225 7 4.9 4.9 | 177 27 -1.6 26.8 3 910 914 225 11 7.8 7.8 | 182 30 1.2 29.6 4 877 1219 245 14 12.7 5.9 | 192 28 6.1 27.7 5 850 1479 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 204 20 7.9 17.9 6 845 1524 305 17 13.9 -9.8 | 211 14 7.4 12.1 7 815 1829 305 16 13.1 -9.2 | 207 14 6.5 12.6 8 785 2134 310 29 22.2 -18.6 | 259 16 15.6 3.2 9 757 2438 305 32 26.2 -18.4 | 260 20 19.6 3.5 10 729 2743 305 33 27.0 -18.9 | 262 21 20.5 2.9 11 700 3078 315 35 24.7 -24.7 | 279 18 18.2 -2.9 12 651 3658 320 36 23.1 -27.6 | 289 18 16.6 -5.8 13 602 4267 315 40 28.3 -28.3 | 287 23 21.7 -6.5 14 558 4877 320 44 28.3 -33.7 | 299 25 21.7 -11.9 15 537 5182 315 48 33.9 -33.9 | 294 30 27.4 -12.1 16 500 5740 325 41 23.5 -33.6 | 305 21 16.9 -11.8 17 477 6096 325 39 22.4 -31.9 | 303 19 15.8 -10.1 18 400 7420 305 45 36.9 -25.8 | 278 31 30.3 -4.0 19 389 7620 305 45 36.9 -25.8 | 278 31 30.3 -4.0 20 373 7925 305 44 36.0 -25.2 | 277 30 29.5 -3.4 21 314 9144 305 46 37.7 -26.4 | 278 31 31.1 -4.6 22 300 9470 305 50 41.0 -28.7 | 281 35 34.4 -6.9 23 250 10700 310 65 49.8 -41.8 | 295 48 43.2 -20.0 24 202 12077 305 70 57.3 -40.2 | 290 54 50.8 -18.3 25 200 12140 305 69 56.5 -39.6 | 290 53 50.0 -17.8 26 198 12192 305 70 57.3 -40.2 | 290 54 50.8 -18.3 27 150 13930 315 50 35.4 -35.4 | 295 32 28.8 -13.5 28 148 14021 320 49 31.5 -37.5 | 302 29 24.9 -15.7 29 141 14306 320 56 36.0 -42.9 | 306 36 29.4 -21.1 30 127 14935 315 46 32.5 -32.5 | 292 28 26.0 -10.7 31 121 15240 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 288 33 31.7 -10.3 32 115 15545 315 59 41.7 -41.7 | 300 40 35.1 -19.9 33 104 16154 325 44 25.2 -36.0 | 307 23 18.7 -14.2 34 100 16390 325 37 21.2 -30.3 | 300 17 14.7 -8.5 35 99 16459 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 282 27 26.4 -5.8 36 94 16764 325 38 21.8 -31.1 | 301 18 15.2 -9.3 37 89 17069 330 30 15.0 -26.0 | 296 9 8.4 -4.2 38 85 17374 320 27 17.4 -20.7 | 264 11 10.8 1.1 39 81 17678 295 31 28.1 -13.1 | 248 23 21.5 8.7 40 77 17983 320 37 23.8 -28.3 | 291 18 17.2 -6.5 41 73 18288 325 41 23.5 -33.6 | 305 21 16.9 -11.8 42 70 18560 340 11 3.8 -10.3 | 166 12 -2.8 11.5 43 66 18898 345 11 2.8 -10.6 | 162 12 -3.7 11.2 44 63 19202 305 20 16.4 -11.5 | 224 14 9.8 10.3 45 60 19507 345 17 4.4 -16.4 | 158 6 -2.2 5.4 46 57 19812 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 198 17 5.2 16.3 47 54 20117 285 18 17.4 -4.7 | 212 20 10.8 17.2 48 52 20422 295 23 20.8 -9.7 | 230 19 14.3 12.1 49 50 20630 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 198 17 5.2 16.3 50 49 20726 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 220 12 8.0 9.6 51 47 21031 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 198 17 5.2 16.3 52 45 21336 285 18 17.4 -4.7 | 212 20 10.8 17.2 53 43 21641 315 21 14.8 -14.8 | 230 11 8.3 7.0 54 41 21946 300 16 13.9 -8.0 | 208 16 7.3 13.8 55 39 22250 340 16 5.5 -15.0 | 171 7 -1.1 6.8 56 37 22555 335 12 5.1 -10.9 | 172 11 -1.5 10.9 57 35 22860 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 151 14 -6.6 11.8 58 33 23165 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 139 24 -16.0 18.4 59 32 23470 180 10 0.0 10.0 | 168 32 -6.6 31.8 60 30 23774 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 193 26 6.0 25.2 61 30 23820 260 15 14.8 2.6 | 199 26 8.2 24.4 62 29 24079 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 203 24 9.4 21.8 63 27 24384 235 15 12.3 8.6 | 191 31 5.7 30.4 64 25 24994 260 17 16.7 3.0 | 202 27 10.2 24.8 65 24 25298 240 18 15.6 9.0 | 196 32 9.0 30.8 66 23 25603 245 26 23.6 11.0 | 207 37 17.0 32.8 67 22 25908 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 223 33 22.3 24.3 68 20 26420 255 31 29.9 8.0 | 218 38 23.4 29.8 69 19 26822 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 219 39 24.3 30.1 70 18 27127 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 208 48 22.9 42.5 71 17 27432 240 37 32.0 18.5 | 212 48 25.5 40.3 72 16 28042 230 43 32.9 27.6 | 208 56 26.4 49.4 73 14 28651 250 42 39.5 14.4 | 222 49 32.9 36.2 74 13 29261 240 37 32.0 18.5 | 212 48 25.5 40.3 75 10 30940 250 48 45.1 16.4 | 225 54 38.5 38.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 313.2 at 30.4 knts Storm direction: 343.2 at 22.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.7 neg: 1.5 tot: 7.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 118.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 222.5 neg: -2.4 tot: 220.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 73.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.68 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.2 stream: 6.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.08 Bulk Shear: 118.51 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 237 2 168 23| 0.0 5.6 5.6| 28.1 0.0 28.1 56.1 0.66| 7.1 4.7 1000 233 6 177 26| 4.5 2.8 7.3| 94.0 0.0 94.0 94.0 0.75| 9.2 6.9 1500 261 9 187 23| 5.4 1.9 7.3|135.1 -1.2 133.9 89.3 0.58| 11.7 6.8 2000 283 13 197 20| 7.5 1.4 8.9|183.9 -2.4 181.5 90.7 0.67| 12.5 8.4 2500 293 16 209 18| 6.0 1.8 7.7|188.6 -2.4 186.1 74.5 0.64| 10.8 6.9 3000 299 19 220 16| 5.7 1.5 7.1|222.5 -2.4 220.1 73.4 0.68| 10.2 6.9 4000 307 24 239 15| 4.5 1.6 6.0|233.6 -6.5 227.1 56.8 0.63| 8.5 5.4 5000 310 28 256 15| 4.0 1.8 5.7|262.6 -18.9 243.8 48.8 0.58| 7.9 4.6 6000 313 30 266 16| 3.0 1.5 4.5|291.4 -26.6 264.8 44.1 0.53| 7.7 4.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251018.00.gif