UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 17 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 17 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 166 140 5 SFC 994 215 2.0 0.4 89 1.6 1.3 140 5 275.6 276.3 274.8 286.4 3.96 2 990 248 2.2 0.4 88 1.8 1.4 152 5 276.1 276.8 275.1 287.0 3.97 3 986 280 5.2 1.2 75 4.0 3.4 164 5 279.5 280.2 277.2 291.2 4.23 4 984 297 8.2 2.2 66 6.0 5.4 170 5 282.7 283.4 279.3 295.4 4.55 5 983 305 8.4 2.4 66 6.0 5.5 172 5 282.9 283.7 279.5 295.9 4.62 6 977 356 9.2 5.4 77 3.8 7.2 190 5 284.2 285.2 281.4 300.3 5.76 7 963 475 9.0 3.0 66 6.0 6.1 232 4 285.2 286.1 280.9 299.1 4.93 8 949 596 8.2 1.2 61 7.0 4.9 275 4 285.6 286.4 280.5 298.0 4.39 9 940 675 7.4 1.4 66 6.0 4.5 290 4 285.6 286.3 280.6 298.3 4.50 10 925 807 6.4 -0.6 61 7.0 3.2 310 5 285.9 286.5 280.1 297.1 3.95 11 914 905 5.8 -3.2 52 9.0 2.0 305 4 286.2 286.8 279.4 295.7 3.30 12 872 1288 3.0 -5.0 56 8.0 -0.3 312 9 287.2 287.7 279.5 295.9 3.02 13 860 1401 3.2 -8.8 41 12.0 -1.3 325 13 288.5 288.9 279.2 295.3 2.28 14 857 1429 3.8 -14.2 25 18.0 -2.1 328 14 289.4 289.7 278.6 293.9 1.48 15 850 1496 4.6 -19.4 16 24.0 -2.6 335 17 291.0 291.1 278.6 294.0 0.97 16 843 1563 5.4 -26.6 8 32.0 -2.9 336 17 292.5 292.6 278.7 294.2 0.51 17 839 1602 5.4 -28.6 6 34.0 -3.1 337 17 292.9 293.0 278.7 294.3 0.43 18 832 1671 4.8 -16.2 20 21.0 -2.1 338 18 293.0 293.2 280.0 297.0 1.30 19 820 1789 4.2 -16.8 20 21.0 -2.6 339 18 293.5 293.8 280.2 297.4 1.25 20 810 1888 3.8 -20.2 15 24.0 -3.3 339 19 294.2 294.3 280.1 297.1 0.95 21 779 2205 3.6 -27.4 8 31.0 -4.4 335 21 297.2 297.3 280.8 298.9 0.52 22 762 2384 4.8 -40.2 2 45.0 -4.4 335 23 300.4 300.4 281.7 301.0 0.15 23 731 2721 3.2 -29.8 7 33.0 -5.1 330 22 302.3 302.3 282.9 303.8 0.44 24 700 3072 2.8 -37.2 3 40.0 -6.0 325 27 305.6 305.6 284.0 306.4 0.22 25 696 3118 2.8 -36.2 4 39.0 -5.9 325 28 306.1 306.1 284.2 307.0 0.25 26 690 3188 3.2 -28.8 7 32.0 -5.3 326 29 307.3 307.4 284.9 309.0 0.51 27 684 3259 2.6 -15.4 25 18.0 -3.9 327 30 307.4 307.7 286.4 312.8 1.69 28 673 3390 1.8 -14.2 29 16.0 -4.1 328 32 307.9 308.3 286.8 314.0 1.89 29 668 3450 1.2 -16.8 25 18.0 -5.0 328 33 307.9 308.2 286.4 312.9 1.54 30 663 3510 1.0 -13.0 34 14.0 -4.3 329 34 308.3 308.7 287.1 315.1 2.12 31 660 3547 1.0 -6.0 59 7.0 -2.1 329 35 308.7 309.4 288.8 320.3 3.70 32 658 3571 1.0 -8.0 51 9.0 -2.9 329 35 309.0 309.6 288.4 319.1 3.18 33 653 3632 0.4 -6.6 59 7.0 -2.7 330 36 309.0 309.7 288.8 320.2 3.57 34 650 3669 0.4 -4.0 72 4.4 -1.7 330 37 309.4 310.2 289.7 323.1 4.38 35 644 3743 0.0 -3.7 76 3.7 -1.7 329 38 309.8 310.6 289.9 323.9 4.52 36 629 3931 -1.5 -3.8 84 2.3 -2.6 326 40 310.2 311.0 290.1 324.5 4.59 37 617 4084 -2.3 -4.9 82 2.6 -3.5 325 41 311.0 311.8 290.1 324.5 4.31 38 611 4162 -2.1 -6.5 72 4.4 -4.1 325 42 312.1 312.8 290.0 324.3 3.85 39 522 5390 -11.7 -11.7 100 0.0 -11.7 331 47 314.9 315.4 290.2 324.6 2.99 40 520 5419 -10.7 -12.1 89 1.4 -11.2 331 48 316.4 317.0 290.5 325.9 2.91 41 516 5478 -10.9 -12.8 86 1.9 -11.6 332 48 316.9 317.4 290.6 326.0 2.77 42 500 5720 -11.9 -14.4 82 2.5 -12.8 335 49 318.5 319.0 290.8 326.8 2.51 43 490 5875 -12.7 -15.6 79 2.9 -13.7 335 49 319.4 319.8 290.9 327.1 2.32 44 430 6863 -20.3 -20.5 98 0.2 -20.4 328 50 321.9 322.2 291.1 327.8 1.74 45 424 6968 -20.5 -21.6 91 1.1 -20.8 331 51 322.9 323.2 291.3 328.4 1.60 46 420 7038 -20.7 -24.0 75 3.3 -21.5 332 53 323.5 323.8 291.2 328.1 1.31 47 418 7074 -20.5 -25.1 67 4.6 -21.6 333 53 324.2 324.5 291.3 328.4 1.19 48 400 7400 -22.3 -28.3 58 6.0 -23.6 340 59 326.0 326.2 291.5 329.3 0.93 49 394 7511 -23.3 -28.3 63 5.0 -24.4 340 59 326.1 326.3 291.6 329.5 0.94 50 371 7947 -26.7 -32.7 57 6.0 -27.7 338 62 327.3 327.4 291.6 329.7 0.66 51 366 8045 -27.1 -35.1 47 8.0 -28.3 337 63 328.0 328.1 291.7 329.9 0.53 52 361 8143 -28.1 -36.1 46 8.0 -29.3 337 64 328.0 328.0 291.6 329.7 0.48 53 342 8528 -31.5 -35.4 68 3.9 -32.0 334 66 328.4 328.5 291.9 330.5 0.55 54 336 8653 -32.1 -37.1 61 5.0 -32.7 333 67 329.3 329.4 292.0 331.0 0.47 55 300 9440 -39.3 -42.9 69 3.6 -39.6 330 71 330.0 330.0 292.0 331.1 0.29 56 250 10660 -49.1 -55.1 50 6.0 -49.3 325 84 333.1 333.1 292.6 333.4 0.09 57 239 10956 -50.6 -58.4 39 7.8 -50.8 330 87 335.2 335.2 293.2 335.4 0.06 58 200 12110 -56.3 -71.3 14 15.0 -56.5 325 83 343.6 343.6 295.2 343.7 0.01 59 150 13900 -63.5 -78.5 11 15.0 -63.6 325 65 360.7 360.7 298.8 360.7 0.01 60 132 14674 -67.3 -83.3 9 16.0 -67.4 315 76 367.3 367.3 300.1 367.4 0.00 61 100 16360 -62.9 -85.9 3 23.0 -63.1 325 46 406.2 406.2 306.0 406.2 0.00 62 93 16807 -64.7 -86.7 3 22.0 -64.9 323 45 411.2 411.2 306.6 411.2 0.00 63 91 16940 -62.5 -86.5 3 24.0 -62.7 331 43 418.1 418.1 307.5 418.1 0.00 64 79 17806 -67.1 -88.1 4 21.0 -67.2 334 22 425.8 425.8 308.4 425.9 0.00 65 70 18540 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 320 36 443.4 443.4 310.2 443.4 0.00 66 64 19083 -65.1 -89.1 2 24.0 -65.3 324 26 456.7 456.7 311.5 456.7 0.00 67 60 19478 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 320 27 472.8 472.8 312.8 472.8 0.00 68 51 20478 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.5 341 18 492.0 492.0 314.4 492.0 0.00 69 50 20600 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 310 23 498.1 498.1 314.8 498.1 0.00 70 45 21255 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.9 324 28 514.3 514.3 315.9 514.3 0.00 71 43 21541 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.9 337 24 528.9 528.9 316.9 528.9 0.00 72 40 21993 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.4 73 10 530.4 530.4 316.9 530.4 0.00 73 38 22311 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.0 94 6 536.7 536.7 317.3 536.7 0.00 74 30 23790 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.9 320 14 587.3 587.3 320.0 587.4 0.01 75 26 24696 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -56.4 255 13 621.0 621.0 321.5 621.0 0.01 76 25 24946 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.9 256 14 626.2 626.2 321.7 626.3 0.01 77 23 25480 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -55.2 259 16 648.4 648.4 322.6 648.5 0.01 78 21 26066 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -55.1 254 17 666.7 666.7 323.3 666.8 0.02 79 20 26380 -53.1 -85.1 1 32.0 -55.8 250 32 673.6 673.6 323.6 673.7 0.01 80 15 28241 -51.3 -84.3 1 33.0 -55.1 257 41 737.4 737.4 325.6 737.6 0.02 81 13 29177 -48.7 -83.7 1 35.0 -53.8 233 36 777.2 777.2 326.7 777.4 0.03 82 11 30270 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -55.5 230 41 808.7 808.7 327.4 808.9 0.03 83 10 30890 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -56.6 245 40 825.8 825.8 327.8 826.1 0.03 84 9.6 31155 -50.1 -84.1 1 34.0 -55.7 245 43 842.3 842.3 328.2 842.6 0.03 85 9.0 31574 -51.3 -84.3 1 33.0 -56.6 245 46 853.4 853.4 328.5 853.7 0.04 86 8.6 31871 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -55.6 245 49 872.3 872.4 328.9 872.7 0.04 87 7.5 32760 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -57.9 245 58 894.2 894.2 329.3 894.5 0.04 88 7.3 32935 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -56.3 245 59 913.4 913.4 329.7 913.8 0.04 89 7.0 33210 -48.9 -83.9 1 35.0 -56.2 245 62 926.9 926.9 329.9 927.4 0.05 90 6.7 33498 -48.5 -83.5 1 35.0 -56.1 940.3 940.3 330.2 940.8 0.06 TRP 132 14674 -67.3 -83.3 9 16.0 -67.4 315 76 367.3 367.3 300.1 367.4 0.00 WND 239 10956 -50.6 -58.4 39 7.8 -50.8 330 87 335.2 335.2 293.2 335.4 0.06 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5554.00 m Freezing level: 644.00 mb = 3743.23 m = 12280.79 ft Wetbulb zero: 877.15 mb = 1240.43 m = 4069.60 ft Precipitable water: 0.60 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 51.14 % Est. max temperature: 18.62 C = 65.52 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 969.52 mb = 419.64 m = 1376.76 ft T: 9.09 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.55 C/km ThetaE index: 2.60 C Layer 925.0- 872.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 571.71 mb = 4680.19 m = 15354.77 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.23 g/kg Conv temperature: 39.60 C = 103.29 F Cap Strength: 18.38 C Lifted Index: 19.37 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 23.61 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.15 C Showalter Index: 21.36 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 9.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.50 C Cross Totals Index: -7.50 C K Index: -42.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 83.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.82 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 23.58 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.87 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 57549.99 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.00 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 855.80 mb = 1440.58 m = 4726.25 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 359 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 140 5 -3.2 3.8 | 172 26 -3.5 25.9 1 947 610 280 4 3.9 -0.7 | 190 22 3.6 21.4 2 925 807 310 5 3.8 -3.2 | 191 19 3.5 18.8 3 913 914 305 4 3.3 -2.3 | 189 20 3.0 19.8 4 879 1219 305 6 4.9 -3.4 | 194 19 4.6 18.6 5 850 1496 335 17 7.2 -15.4 | 226 10 6.9 6.7 6 816 1829 340 18 6.2 -16.9 | 229 8 5.9 5.1 7 786 2134 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 251 9 8.6 3.0 8 757 2438 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 263 10 9.4 1.2 9 729 2743 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 254 11 10.7 3.0 10 700 3072 325 27 15.5 -22.1 | 270 15 15.2 -0.1 11 650 3658 330 37 18.5 -32.0 | 299 21 18.2 -10.0 12 625 3962 325 41 23.5 -33.6 | 296 26 23.2 -11.5 13 601 4267 325 42 24.1 -34.4 | 297 27 23.8 -12.3 14 557 4877 325 45 25.8 -36.9 | 300 29 25.5 -14.8 15 500 5720 335 49 20.7 -44.4 | 318 30 20.4 -22.3 16 476 6096 335 48 20.3 -43.5 | 317 29 20.0 -21.4 17 439 6706 325 47 27.0 -38.5 | 302 31 26.7 -16.4 18 400 7400 340 59 20.2 -55.4 | 329 39 19.9 -33.4 19 388 7620 340 60 20.5 -56.4 | 329 40 20.2 -34.3 20 313 9144 330 71 35.5 -61.5 | 318 53 35.2 -39.4 21 300 9440 330 71 35.5 -61.5 | 318 53 35.2 -39.4 22 250 10660 325 84 48.2 -68.8 | 314 67 47.9 -46.7 23 239 10956 330 87 43.5 -75.3 | 321 69 43.2 -53.3 24 227 11278 330 87 43.5 -75.3 | 321 69 43.2 -53.3 25 200 12110 325 83 47.6 -68.0 | 314 66 47.3 -45.9 26 179 12802 325 74 42.4 -60.6 | 312 57 42.2 -38.6 27 170 13106 325 83 47.6 -68.0 | 314 66 47.3 -45.9 28 150 13900 325 65 37.3 -53.2 | 310 48 37.0 -31.2 29 140 14326 320 60 38.6 -46.0 | 302 45 38.3 -23.9 30 132 14674 315 76 53.7 -53.7 | 301 62 53.4 -31.7 31 126 14935 315 76 53.7 -53.7 | 301 62 53.4 -31.7 32 120 15240 310 66 50.6 -42.4 | 292 54 50.3 -20.4 33 114 15545 315 70 49.5 -49.5 | 299 56 49.2 -27.4 34 100 16360 325 46 26.4 -37.7 | 301 30 26.1 -15.6 35 98 16459 340 46 15.7 -43.2 | 324 26 15.4 -21.2 36 94 16764 320 46 29.6 -35.2 | 294 32 29.3 -13.2 37 89 17069 340 41 14.0 -38.5 | 320 21 13.7 -16.5 38 81 17678 340 24 8.2 -22.6 | 274 8 7.9 -0.5 39 77 17983 325 20 11.5 -16.4 | 243 13 11.2 5.7 40 73 18288 300 30 26.0 -15.0 | 255 27 25.7 7.1 41 70 18540 320 36 23.1 -27.6 | 284 24 22.8 -5.5 42 69 18593 310 37 28.3 -23.8 | 274 28 28.1 -1.7 43 66 18898 330 30 15.0 -26.0 | 285 15 14.7 -3.9 44 63 19202 320 24 15.4 -18.4 | 256 16 15.1 3.7 45 57 19812 320 31 19.9 -23.7 | 275 20 19.6 -1.7 46 54 20117 340 34 11.6 -31.9 | 311 15 11.3 -9.9 47 51 20422 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 190 6 1.1 6.1 48 50 20600 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 247 19 17.3 7.3 49 49 20726 315 13 9.2 -9.2 | 215 16 8.9 12.9 50 47 21031 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 251 22 21.0 7.1 51 44 21336 330 29 14.5 -25.1 | 282 15 14.2 -3.1 52 42 21641 340 21 7.2 -19.7 | 251 7 6.9 2.3 53 40 21946 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 153 21 -9.7 18.6 54 35 22860 130 1 -0.8 0.6 | 177 23 -1.1 22.7 55 33 23165 240 11 9.5 5.5 | 199 29 9.2 27.6 56 30 23774 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 226 23 16.6 15.9 57 30 23790 320 14 9.0 -10.7 | 218 14 8.7 11.3 58 29 24079 320 19 12.2 -14.6 | 238 14 11.9 7.5 59 27 24384 310 7 5.4 -4.5 | 196 18 5.1 17.6 60 26 24689 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 206 28 12.3 25.4 61 23 25603 260 17 16.7 3.0 | 213 30 16.4 25.0 62 22 25908 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 210 25 12.7 22.1 63 21 26213 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 209 37 17.9 32.6 64 20 26380 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 222 44 29.8 33.0 65 20 26518 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 207 39 17.7 34.7 66 18 27127 245 43 39.0 18.2 | 224 56 38.7 40.2 67 17 27432 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 227 45 32.5 30.9 68 15 28042 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 236 54 45.0 30.0 69 14 28651 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 222 44 29.8 33.0 70 13 28956 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 227 45 32.5 30.9 71 13 29261 225 37 26.2 26.2 | 208 55 25.9 48.2 72 12 29870 220 42 27.0 32.2 | 206 60 26.7 54.2 73 10 30890 245 40 36.3 16.9 | 223 53 36.0 39.0 74 7 33210 245 62 56.2 26.2 | 229 74 55.9 48.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 329.2 at 29.4 knts Storm direction: 359.2 at 22.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.9 neg: 2.2 tot: 6.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 106.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 129.7 neg: -7.0 tot: 122.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 40.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 7.9 stream: 4.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.19 Bulk Shear: 122.88 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 230 4 187 25| 9.6 0.0 9.6| 55.8 0.0 55.8 111.5 0.68| 12.5 8.5 1000 290 5 191 21| 5.6 0.0 5.6| 65.1 -3.7 61.4 61.4 0.57| 8.4 4.8 1500 321 8 196 17| 7.7 0.0 7.7| 97.1 -3.7 93.5 62.3 0.59| 10.3 6.1 2000 329 11 202 14| 5.8 1.0 6.8|105.6 -3.7 101.9 51.0 0.62| 8.9 5.5 2500 331 13 210 12| 4.6 1.1 5.7|108.8 -7.0 101.8 40.7 0.57| 7.8 4.4 3000 330 15 219 12| 3.9 2.2 6.0|129.7 -7.0 122.7 40.9 0.59| 7.9 4.7 4000 329 21 248 11| 4.0 2.3 6.2|162.4 -11.6 150.8 37.7 0.56| 7.7 4.3 5000 328 25 268 13| 3.5 2.0 5.5|200.8 -11.6 189.2 37.8 0.58| 6.8 3.9 6000 329 29 282 15| 3.2 1.7 4.9|244.1 -26.2 217.9 36.3 0.56| 6.4 3.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251017.12.gif