UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101700.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 17 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 17 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 167 0 0 SFC 994 215 10.8 -0.2 46 11.0 5.7 0 0 284.4 285.1 279.1 295.2 3.79 2 992 232 11.4 -1.6 40 13.0 5.5 358 0 285.2 285.8 279.1 295.0 3.42 3 925 812 6.4 -3.6 49 10.0 2.2 345 8 285.9 286.4 279.1 294.9 3.16 4 909 955 5.4 -4.6 48 10.0 1.3 349 13 286.3 286.8 279.0 294.9 2.98 5 871 1302 2.6 -3.4 65 6.0 0.1 340 20 286.9 287.5 279.8 296.7 3.41 6 865 1358 2.2 -3.8 64 6.0 -0.3 340 21 287.0 287.6 279.8 296.6 3.33 7 850 1499 1.4 -5.6 60 7.0 -1.4 340 23 287.6 288.1 279.6 296.2 2.96 8 842 1575 1.2 -5.8 60 7.0 -1.6 338 22 288.2 288.7 279.9 296.7 2.94 9 838 1613 1.6 -10.4 40 12.0 -2.7 341 23 289.0 289.4 279.1 295.1 2.06 10 833 1662 2.0 -12.0 35 14.0 -2.9 344 24 289.9 290.2 279.3 295.4 1.83 11 827 1720 2.0 -10.0 41 12.0 -2.4 348 25 290.5 290.9 280.0 297.0 2.16 12 824 1749 2.0 -11.0 37 13.0 -2.6 350 26 290.8 291.2 279.9 296.8 2.00 13 819 1798 2.6 -19.4 18 22.0 -3.9 353 27 292.0 292.1 279.1 295.1 1.00 14 812 1868 3.2 -26.8 9 30.0 -4.4 354 28 293.3 293.4 279.1 295.0 0.52 15 800 1988 2.6 -25.4 11 28.0 -4.7 352 29 293.9 294.0 279.5 295.9 0.61 16 794 2049 2.4 -19.6 18 22.0 -4.1 351 29 294.3 294.5 280.3 297.5 1.02 17 781 2182 2.0 -23.0 14 25.0 -4.9 352 30 295.3 295.4 280.3 297.8 0.77 18 779 2203 1.8 -26.2 10 28.0 -5.3 352 30 295.3 295.4 280.1 297.2 0.58 19 777 2224 2.4 -44.6 2 47.0 -5.8 353 30 296.2 296.2 279.8 296.5 0.09 20 775 2244 2.6 -35.4 4 38.0 -5.5 354 30 296.6 296.6 280.2 297.4 0.24 21 773 2265 2.4 -27.6 9 30.0 -5.1 354 30 296.6 296.7 280.6 298.3 0.51 22 768 2318 2.2 -32.8 5 35.0 -5.6 356 29 296.9 297.0 280.4 298.0 0.32 23 760 2402 1.8 -23.2 14 25.0 -5.1 359 29 297.4 297.5 281.3 299.9 0.78 24 747 2541 0.6 -22.4 16 23.0 -5.8 358 30 297.6 297.7 281.4 300.3 0.85 25 730 2725 0.0 -27.0 11 27.0 -6.8 355 32 298.9 299.0 281.7 300.8 0.57 26 716 2881 1.2 -43.8 2 45.0 -7.0 353 34 301.9 301.9 282.3 302.3 0.11 27 700 3062 0.6 -43.4 2 44.0 -7.4 350 36 303.1 303.2 282.8 303.6 0.12 28 674 3364 -1.1 -39.1 4 38.0 -8.5 350 39 304.5 304.6 283.5 305.2 0.19 29 670 3411 -1.1 -32.1 7 31.0 -8.2 350 40 305.1 305.1 284.0 306.4 0.39 30 667 3447 -1.5 -19.5 24 18.0 -7.1 350 40 305.0 305.2 284.9 309.0 1.22 31 662 3507 -1.9 -15.9 33 14.0 -6.6 350 41 305.2 305.5 285.5 310.6 1.67 32 659 3543 -1.9 -20.9 22 19.0 -7.5 350 42 305.6 305.8 285.0 309.2 1.10 33 656 3579 -2.1 -18.1 28 16.0 -7.2 350 42 305.8 306.0 285.4 310.3 1.40 34 647 3689 -2.3 -20.3 24 18.0 -7.8 350 43 306.8 307.0 285.5 310.6 1.18 35 640 3775 -2.7 -18.7 28 16.0 -7.8 350 44 307.3 307.5 285.9 311.7 1.36 36 626 3949 -4.1 -17.1 36 13.0 -8.4 350 46 307.6 307.9 286.3 312.8 1.60 37 604 4230 -6.1 -18.1 38 12.0 -9.9 350 48 308.5 308.8 286.5 313.4 1.52 38 583 4506 -7.1 -21.1 32 14.0 -11.2 350 52 310.4 310.7 286.9 314.5 1.22 39 577 4586 -7.7 -19.7 38 12.0 -11.3 350 53 310.7 310.9 287.2 315.2 1.39 40 548 4986 -8.7 -25.7 24 17.0 -13.0 349 58 314.1 314.3 287.8 317.0 0.86 41 540 5100 -9.1 -32.1 14 23.0 -14.1 349 60 314.9 315.0 287.6 316.6 0.48 42 524 5331 -10.7 -29.7 19 19.0 -15.0 347 63 315.7 315.9 288.1 317.9 0.62 43 519 5405 -10.9 -33.9 13 23.0 -15.6 347 64 316.4 316.4 288.1 317.9 0.42 44 517 5434 -11.3 -29.3 21 18.0 -15.4 347 64 316.2 316.3 288.2 318.5 0.65 45 513 5494 -11.5 -34.5 13 23.0 -16.0 346 65 316.7 316.8 288.1 318.1 0.40 46 510 5539 -11.7 -33.7 14 22.0 -16.1 346 66 317.0 317.1 288.3 318.5 0.43 47 500 5690 -12.9 -32.9 17 20.0 -16.9 345 68 317.3 317.4 288.4 319.0 0.48 48 479 6016 -15.5 -33.5 20 18.0 -18.9 349 66 318.0 318.1 288.6 319.7 0.47 49 450 6487 -17.9 -43.9 8 26.0 -21.5 352 70 320.7 320.8 289.2 321.4 0.17 50 434 6757 -19.5 -43.5 10 24.0 -22.7 353 74 322.0 322.1 289.6 322.8 0.19 51 431 6809 -19.5 -45.5 8 26.0 -22.8 353 75 322.7 322.7 289.8 323.3 0.15 52 417 7054 -21.3 -50.3 5 29.0 -24.4 354 79 323.4 323.5 289.9 323.8 0.09 53 400 7360 -23.9 -45.9 11 22.0 -26.4 355 83 323.9 324.0 290.1 324.5 0.16 54 370 7922 -29.1 -47.1 16 18.0 -30.8 352 83 324.3 324.3 290.2 324.9 0.15 55 358 8157 -30.1 -50.1 12 20.0 -31.8 354 86 326.1 326.1 290.7 326.5 0.11 56 300 9390 -38.9 -49.9 30 11.0 -39.6 340 101 330.5 330.6 292.0 331.1 0.13 57 250 10620 -47.9 -61.9 18 14.0 -48.3 350 101 334.9 334.9 293.0 335.0 0.04 58 200 12060 -55.9 -72.9 10 17.0 -56.1 325 100 344.2 344.2 295.3 344.3 0.01 59 186 12520 -59.7 -71.7 20 12.0 -59.9 325 107 345.3 345.3 295.6 345.4 0.01 60 177 12832 -59.8 -74.1 14 14.3 -59.9 325 113 350.1 350.1 296.7 350.1 0.01 61 150 13870 -60.1 -82.1 4 22.0 -60.3 330 74 366.5 366.5 299.9 366.6 0.00 62 100 16370 -63.7 -86.7 3 23.0 -63.9 330 36 404.7 404.7 305.8 404.7 0.00 63 92 16881 -64.7 -87.7 3 23.0 -64.9 320 36 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 64 85 17367 -62.5 -86.5 3 24.0 -62.7 312 41 426.3 426.3 308.4 426.3 0.00 65 70 18560 -64.7 -88.7 2 24.0 -64.9 350 29 446.0 446.0 310.5 446.0 0.00 66 62 19299 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 330 26 459.1 459.1 311.7 459.1 0.00 67 56 19926 -60.1 -87.1 2 27.0 -60.6 354 26 485.8 485.8 313.9 485.9 0.00 68 50 20630 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.7 360 21 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 69 47 21010 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.1 345 16 504.6 504.6 315.2 504.6 0.00 70 45 21278 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.4 19 13 515.3 515.3 316.0 515.3 0.00 71 42 21705 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.3 287 10 523.6 523.6 316.5 523.6 0.00 72 37 22488 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -62.0 268 10 543.9 543.9 317.8 543.9 0.00 73 34 23016 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.9 295 14 566.2 566.2 319.0 566.2 0.01 74 30 23800 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -60.4 290 9 582.4 582.4 319.8 582.5 0.01 75 28 24233 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -60.3 275 9 594.6 594.6 320.3 594.6 0.01 76 25 24953 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -56.8 251 16 626.8 626.8 321.7 626.9 0.01 77 22 25773 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -56.8 262 23 650.8 650.8 322.7 650.8 0.01 78 21 26073 -51.9 -83.9 1 32.0 -54.8 263 30 667.9 667.9 323.3 668.0 0.02 79 20 26390 -52.1 -84.1 1 32.0 -55.0 260 26 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.02 80 16 27841 -50.3 -83.3 1 33.0 -54.2 255 25 727.2 727.2 325.3 727.4 0.02 81 15 28261 -51.5 -83.5 1 32.0 -55.2 255 26 736.7 736.7 325.6 736.9 0.02 82 14 28711 -49.5 -83.5 1 34.0 -54.1 255 24 758.2 758.2 326.1 758.4 0.03 83 14 28711 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.0 255 24 758.9 758.9 326.2 759.1 0.03 84 13 29197 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.2 249 19 775.1 775.1 326.6 775.4 0.03 TRP 186 12520 -59.7 -71.7 20 12.0 -59.9 325 107 345.3 345.3 295.6 345.4 0.01 WND 177 12832 -59.8 -74.1 14 14.3 -59.9 325 113 350.1 350.1 296.7 350.1 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5523.00 m Freezing level: 690.82 mb = 3168.63 m = 10395.66 ft Wetbulb zero: 869.66 mb = 1314.45 m = 4312.46 ft Precipitable water: 0.34 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 27.94 % Est. max temperature: 14.39 C = 57.91 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 840.55 mb = 1588.93 m = 5212.97 ft T: 1.34 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.14 C/km ThetaE index: 1.94 C Layer 824.0- 800.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 522.75 mb = 5349.63 m = 17551.05 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.23 g/kg Conv temperature: 42.19 C = 107.94 F Cap Strength: 19.57 C Lifted Index: 19.63 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.24 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 13.00 C Showalter Index: 18.75 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 21.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 14.30 C Cross Totals Index: 7.30 C K Index: -35.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 114.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.86 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.69 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.06 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 56024.10 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.61 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 797.36 mb = 2014.87 m = 6610.40 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 19 at 29 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 199 29 9.4 27.5 1 948 610 320 6 3.9 -4.6 | 210 26 13.3 22.9 2 925 812 345 8 2.1 -7.7 | 210 23 11.5 19.8 3 913 914 350 12 2.1 -11.8 | 216 19 11.5 15.7 4 880 1219 340 19 6.5 -17.9 | 239 19 15.9 9.6 5 850 1499 340 23 7.9 -21.6 | 251 18 17.3 5.9 6 847 1524 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 245 20 18.3 8.5 7 816 1829 355 28 2.4 -27.9 | 272 12 11.9 -0.4 8 786 2134 350 30 5.2 -29.5 | 278 15 14.6 -2.1 9 756 2438 360 29 -0.0 -29.0 | 279 10 9.4 -1.5 10 728 2743 355 32 2.8 -31.9 | 290 13 12.2 -4.4 11 700 3062 350 36 6.3 -35.5 | 297 18 15.7 -8.0 12 649 3658 350 43 7.5 -42.3 | 311 23 16.9 -14.9 13 600 4267 350 49 8.5 -48.3 | 319 27 17.9 -20.8 14 555 4877 350 57 9.9 -56.1 | 326 35 19.3 -28.6 15 500 5690 345 68 17.6 -65.7 | 325 47 27.0 -38.2 16 493 5791 345 68 17.6 -65.7 | 325 47 27.0 -38.2 17 474 6096 350 65 11.3 -64.0 | 330 42 20.7 -36.5 18 400 7360 355 83 7.2 -82.7 | 343 58 16.7 -55.2 19 386 7620 350 80 13.9 -78.8 | 336 56 23.3 -51.3 20 354 8230 355 87 7.6 -86.7 | 344 62 17.0 -59.2 21 311 9144 345 96 24.8 -92.7 | 332 74 34.3 -65.2 22 300 9390 340 101 34.5 -94.9 | 327 80 44.0 -67.4 23 260 10363 335 106 44.8 -96.1 | 322 87 54.2 -68.6 24 250 10620 350 101 17.5 -99.5 | 339 77 27.0 -72.0 25 237 10973 355 98 8.5 -97.6 | 346 72 18.0 -70.1 26 215 11582 340 75 25.7 -70.5 | 321 55 35.1 -43.0 27 200 12060 325 100 57.4 -81.9 | 309 86 66.8 -54.4 28 196 12192 325 94 53.9 -77.0 | 308 80 63.3 -49.5 29 186 12520 325 107 61.4 -87.6 | 310 93 70.8 -60.2 30 177 12832 325 113 64.8 -92.6 | 311 99 74.2 -65.1 31 169 13106 325 113 64.8 -92.6 | 311 99 74.2 -65.1 32 150 13870 330 74 37.0 -64.1 | 308 59 46.4 -36.6 33 146 14021 335 76 32.1 -68.9 | 315 59 41.6 -41.4 34 133 14630 325 79 45.3 -64.7 | 304 66 54.7 -37.2 35 120 15240 320 60 38.6 -46.0 | 291 51 48.0 -18.5 36 114 15545 320 66 42.4 -50.6 | 294 57 51.9 -23.1 37 100 16370 330 36 18.0 -31.2 | 278 28 27.4 -3.7 38 94 16764 330 36 18.0 -31.2 | 278 28 27.4 -3.7 39 89 17069 305 36 29.5 -20.6 | 260 40 38.9 6.8 40 81 17678 320 46 29.6 -35.2 | 281 40 39.0 -7.7 41 73 18288 345 35 9.1 -33.8 | 289 20 18.5 -6.3 42 70 18560 350 29 5.0 -28.6 | 274 15 14.5 -1.1 43 66 18898 350 27 4.7 -26.6 | 266 14 14.1 0.9 44 60 19507 320 25 16.1 -19.2 | 252 27 25.5 8.3 45 57 19812 360 27 -0.0 -27.0 | 267 9 9.4 0.5 46 54 20117 345 25 6.5 -24.1 | 258 16 15.9 3.3 47 52 20422 350 19 3.3 -18.7 | 235 15 12.7 8.8 48 50 20630 360 21 -0.0 -21.0 | 235 11 9.4 6.5 49 49 20726 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 238 28 24.0 15.3 50 45 21336 25 12 -5.1 -10.9 | 195 17 4.4 16.6 51 42 21641 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 217 31 19.1 24.9 52 40 21946 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 218 30 18.5 23.3 53 37 22555 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 214 34 19.4 28.4 54 35 22860 300 13 11.3 -6.5 | 225 29 20.7 21.0 55 33 23165 290 14 13.2 -4.8 | 225 32 22.6 22.7 56 32 23470 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 242 31 27.5 14.9 57 30 23774 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 223 26 17.9 19.0 58 30 23800 290 9 8.5 -3.1 | 216 30 17.9 24.4 59 29 24079 275 10 10.0 -0.9 | 216 33 19.4 26.6 60 27 24384 275 9 9.0 -0.8 | 215 32 18.4 26.7 61 25 24994 250 16 15.0 5.5 | 217 41 24.5 33.0 62 24 25298 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 219 35 22.4 27.5 63 22 25908 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 228 47 35.0 32.0 64 21 26213 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 235 53 43.3 30.5 65 20 26390 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 228 47 35.0 32.0 66 19 26518 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 237 42 35.0 23.0 67 18 26822 255 24 23.2 6.2 | 224 47 32.6 33.7 68 15 27432 255 27 26.1 7.0 | 226 49 35.5 34.5 69 13 27737 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 221 43 27.8 32.4 70 12 28042 225 20 14.1 14.1 | 210 48 23.6 41.6 71 8 29261 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 230 67 51.7 42.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 348.9 at 38.8 knts Storm direction: 18.9 at 29.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.3 neg: 2.4 tot: 6.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 102.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 154.0 neg: -1.3 tot: 152.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 50.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.1 stream: 5.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.03 Bulk Shear: 166.19 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 323 4 206 27| 0.0 7.2 7.2| 39.3 0.0 39.3 78.6 0.68| 8.4 5.7 1000 340 8 212 23| 6.1 3.6 9.8| 86.9 -1.0 85.9 85.9 0.69| 11.0 7.6 1500 340 13 222 21| 6.4 2.4 8.8|118.0 -1.3 116.7 77.8 0.68| 10.7 7.3 2000 345 17 231 18| 6.0 1.8 7.8|133.6 -1.3 132.3 66.2 0.65| 10.1 6.6 2500 349 20 238 16| 5.2 1.4 6.7|139.5 -1.3 138.2 55.3 0.60| 9.5 5.7 3000 350 22 247 15| 4.3 2.4 6.7|154.0 -1.3 152.7 50.9 0.59| 9.1 5.3 4000 350 28 269 14| 3.3 3.1 6.4|193.8 -1.3 192.5 48.1 0.59| 8.2 4.9 5000 350 33 288 16| 2.6 3.8 6.5|225.5 -3.1 222.4 44.5 0.54| 8.0 4.3 6000 349 39 302 20| 2.3 3.8 6.1|289.7 -11.8 277.9 46.3 0.50| 8.0 4.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251017.00.gif