UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101612.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 16 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 16 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 185 0 0 SFC 996 215 3.0 1.1 87 1.9 2.2 0 0 276.5 277.2 275.5 287.8 4.15 2 987 289 6.4 0.4 65 6.0 3.7 4 3 280.6 281.3 277.5 291.7 3.98 3 980 348 7.2 0.2 61 7.0 4.1 7 5 282.0 282.7 278.2 293.1 3.96 4 927 804 3.2 -0.5 77 3.7 1.6 20 15 282.4 283.1 278.4 293.6 3.97 5 925 822 3.0 -0.9 76 3.9 1.3 20 15 282.4 283.0 278.3 293.2 3.87 6 915 910 2.2 -1.8 75 4.0 0.5 20 15 282.4 283.1 278.0 292.7 3.66 7 908 972 1.8 -2.9 71 4.7 -0.2 17 16 282.6 283.2 277.8 292.3 3.40 8 902 1025 1.4 -5.6 60 7.0 -1.3 15 17 282.8 283.2 277.0 290.7 2.79 9 899 1052 1.6 -8.4 47 10.0 -2.0 13 18 283.2 283.6 276.5 289.7 2.25 10 894 1097 1.2 -7.8 51 9.0 -2.1 11 19 283.3 283.7 276.7 290.1 2.37 11 893 1106 1.2 -8.8 47 10.0 -2.4 11 19 283.4 283.8 276.5 289.7 2.20 12 889 1142 1.2 -10.8 40 12.0 -2.9 9 19 283.7 284.1 276.3 289.2 1.88 13 885 1178 1.2 -12.8 34 14.0 -3.3 7 20 284.1 284.4 276.0 288.9 1.61 14 880 1224 1.4 -21.6 16 23.0 -4.6 5 21 284.8 284.9 275.2 287.1 0.77 15 876 1261 1.6 -25.4 11 27.0 -4.9 4 21 285.4 285.4 275.1 287.1 0.55 16 871 1307 1.8 -25.2 11 27.0 -4.8 3 20 286.0 286.1 275.5 287.8 0.57 17 851 1494 0.8 -28.2 9 29.0 -5.7 0 19 286.9 287.0 275.7 288.3 0.44 18 850 1503 0.8 -28.2 9 29.0 -5.7 360 19 287.0 287.1 275.8 288.4 0.44 19 826 1733 0.0 -26.0 12 26.0 -6.2 360 24 288.5 288.6 276.8 290.3 0.56 20 815 1840 0.2 -25.8 12 26.0 -6.1 360 26 289.8 289.9 277.4 291.6 0.57 21 806 1929 0.0 -24.0 14 24.0 -6.1 360 27 290.5 290.6 278.0 292.7 0.68 22 790 2089 -0.5 -12.5 40 12.0 -4.6 360 29 291.7 292.0 280.1 297.3 1.85 23 789 2099 -0.5 -17.5 26 17.0 -5.6 360 30 291.8 292.0 279.3 295.5 1.22 24 786 2130 -0.5 -17.5 26 17.0 -5.6 360 30 292.1 292.3 279.5 295.9 1.23 25 785 2140 -0.5 -14.5 34 14.0 -5.0 360 30 292.2 292.5 280.0 297.0 1.58 26 784 2150 -0.5 -5.4 69 4.9 -2.5 360 30 292.3 292.9 282.1 301.9 3.26 27 783 2160 -0.7 -4.9 73 4.2 -2.4 359 31 292.2 292.8 282.3 302.2 3.39 28 773 2263 -1.1 -4.4 78 3.3 -2.5 356 33 292.8 293.5 282.7 303.3 3.57 29 768 2315 -0.9 -5.9 69 5.0 -2.9 354 35 293.6 294.2 282.6 303.1 3.20 30 753 2472 -2.3 -7.3 69 5.0 -4.3 350 38 293.7 294.3 282.4 302.5 2.93 31 744 2567 -2.9 -7.5 71 4.6 -4.7 348 39 294.1 294.6 282.5 302.8 2.92 32 742 2588 -2.9 -6.9 74 4.0 -4.5 348 39 294.3 294.9 282.8 303.5 3.07 33 739 2620 -2.5 -10.5 54 8.0 -5.4 347 40 295.1 295.5 282.3 302.1 2.32 34 723 2794 -2.9 -10.9 54 8.0 -5.8 344 41 296.5 296.9 282.8 303.5 2.30 35 720 2827 -2.9 -13.9 42 11.0 -6.5 344 41 296.9 297.2 282.4 302.5 1.81 36 700 3049 -4.9 -14.9 45 10.0 -8.1 340 40 297.1 297.4 282.3 302.4 1.72 37 697 3083 -5.1 -15.1 45 10.0 -8.2 339 40 297.2 297.5 282.4 302.5 1.70 38 683 3241 -6.3 -16.3 45 10.0 -9.4 337 40 297.6 297.9 282.4 302.5 1.57 39 681 3264 -6.5 -17.5 41 11.0 -9.7 336 40 297.6 297.9 282.2 302.1 1.42 40 678 3299 -6.3 -23.3 25 17.0 -10.6 336 40 298.2 298.4 281.7 301.0 0.86 41 672 3368 -5.9 -26.9 17 21.0 -10.8 335 40 299.4 299.5 282.0 301.5 0.63 42 662 3485 -6.7 -29.7 14 23.0 -11.6 339 45 299.8 299.9 282.0 301.5 0.49 43 650 3628 -5.5 -44.5 3 39.0 -11.6 344 51 302.7 302.8 282.7 303.1 0.11 44 644 3700 -5.7 -45.7 3 40.0 -11.8 345 53 303.3 303.3 282.8 303.7 0.10 45 639 3761 -4.7 -48.7 2 44.0 -11.3 344 54 305.1 305.1 283.5 305.4 0.07 46 621 3986 -4.1 -48.1 2 44.0 -11.0 342 58 308.3 308.3 284.8 308.6 0.08 47 584 4466 -7.9 -36.9 8 29.0 -13.3 340 64 309.4 309.4 285.4 310.3 0.28 48 554 4872 -10.7 -26.7 26 16.0 -14.5 340 65 310.7 310.9 286.5 313.4 0.78 49 528 5239 -13.7 -26.7 33 13.0 -16.7 340 69 311.4 311.6 286.8 314.2 0.81 50 500 5650 -16.9 -27.9 38 11.0 -19.2 340 71 312.4 312.6 287.1 315.1 0.77 51 491 5786 -17.9 -28.9 38 11.0 -20.1 338 72 312.8 313.0 287.2 315.3 0.71 52 477 6003 -18.9 -31.9 31 13.0 -21.2 336 73 314.2 314.3 287.5 316.1 0.55 53 462 6241 -19.7 -31.7 34 12.0 -21.9 335 73 316.1 316.2 288.1 318.1 0.58 54 435 6687 -21.9 -36.9 24 15.0 -24.2 335 74 318.8 318.9 288.8 320.1 0.37 55 400 7300 -26.7 -42.7 21 16.0 -28.5 335 76 320.3 320.3 289.1 321.1 0.22 56 300 9310 -42.3 -56.3 20 14.0 -42.9 325 82 325.7 325.8 290.6 326.0 0.06 57 250 10530 -47.3 -70.3 5 23.0 -47.8 330 94 335.7 335.7 293.3 335.8 0.01 58 243 10719 -47.8 -71.2 5 23.4 -48.3 325 103 337.7 337.7 293.7 337.7 0.01 59 200 12000 -51.5 -77.5 3 26.0 -51.9 325 98 351.2 351.2 296.9 351.2 0.00 60 150 13830 -57.7 -83.7 2 26.0 -58.0 325 81 370.7 370.7 300.7 370.7 0.00 61 115 15488 -64.7 -85.7 4 21.0 -64.8 320 58 386.9 386.9 303.3 386.9 0.00 62 100 16350 -62.3 -86.3 3 24.0 -62.5 330 55 407.4 407.4 306.2 407.4 0.00 63 98 16475 -61.1 -87.1 2 26.0 -61.4 330 55 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.1 0.00 64 85 17360 -60.7 -86.7 2 26.0 -61.0 330 38 430.0 430.0 308.9 430.0 0.00 65 76 18053 -63.3 -88.3 2 25.0 -63.6 322 32 438.5 438.5 309.7 438.5 0.00 66 70 18560 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.2 345 24 452.0 452.0 311.0 452.0 0.00 67 64 19109 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.0 338 22 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.8 0.00 68 61 19403 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.4 328 23 469.7 469.7 312.6 469.7 0.00 69 55 20038 -64.1 -90.1 2 26.0 -64.4 355 26 479.2 479.2 313.4 479.2 0.00 70 52 20380 -62.9 -88.9 2 26.0 -63.3 17 20 489.7 489.7 314.2 489.7 0.00 71 50 20620 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.0 75 4 491.0 491.0 314.3 491.0 0.00 72 48 20868 -66.1 -90.1 2 24.0 -66.4 36 6 493.4 493.4 314.5 493.5 0.00 73 44 21401 -62.1 -89.1 2 27.0 -62.6 324 15 515.7 515.7 316.0 515.7 0.00 74 42 21688 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.2 335 19 521.1 521.1 316.4 521.1 0.00 75 37 22472 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -62.0 344 14 543.9 543.9 317.8 543.9 0.00 76 33 23180 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.3 344 3 558.3 558.3 318.5 558.3 0.00 77 31 23567 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.9 322 9 572.7 572.7 319.3 572.7 0.00 78 30 23770 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.3 310 12 577.0 577.0 319.5 577.0 0.00 79 27 24429 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -59.0 286 12 605.3 605.3 320.9 605.3 0.01 80 25 24915 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.9 258 14 619.4 619.4 321.5 619.4 0.01 81 25 24915 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.9 258 14 619.4 619.4 321.5 619.4 0.01 82 23 25447 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.8 274 21 646.1 646.1 322.5 646.1 0.01 83 21 26034 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -54.8 308 17 667.9 667.9 323.3 668.0 0.01 84 20 26350 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -55.5 210 14 674.9 674.9 323.6 675.0 0.02 85 18 27030 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -55.6 231 19 695.5 695.5 324.3 695.6 0.02 86 17 27401 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -54.2 235 22 714.0 714.0 324.8 714.2 0.02 87 14 28669 -49.9 -83.9 1 34.0 -54.4 278 31 756.8 756.8 326.1 757.0 0.02 88 13 29152 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -55.6 267 34 767.5 767.5 326.4 767.7 0.02 89 11 30244 -48.3 -83.3 1 35.0 -54.2 238 36 816.7 816.7 327.7 817.0 0.03 90 10 30870 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -55.1 235 38 835.5 835.5 328.1 835.8 0.03 91 9.7 31070 -48.9 -83.9 1 35.0 -54.9 844.3 844.4 328.2 844.7 0.04 92 8.9 31633 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -56.2 859.2 859.2 328.6 859.5 0.04 93 8.4 32013 -47.9 -83.9 1 36.0 -54.9 883.7 883.8 329.1 884.1 0.04 94 7.7 32584 -49.9 -83.9 1 34.0 -56.3 898.0 898.0 329.4 898.4 0.05 95 7.1 33116 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -55.9 924.8 924.8 329.9 925.2 0.04 TRP 115 15488 -64.7 -85.7 4 21.0 -64.8 320 58 386.9 386.9 303.3 386.9 0.00 WND 243 10719 -47.8 -71.2 5 23.4 -48.3 325 103 337.7 337.7 293.7 337.7 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5465.00 m Freezing level: 806.00 mb = 1928.87 m = 6328.25 ft Wetbulb zero: 909.69 mb = 956.77 m = 3138.98 ft Precipitable water: 0.35 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 33.49 % Est. max temperature: 13.75 C = 56.76 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 967.06 mb = 457.25 m = 1500.16 ft T: 6.24 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.61 C/km ThetaE index: 3.81 C Layer 925.0- 894.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 697.75 mb = 3074.23 m = 10085.93 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.77 g/kg Conv temperature: 23.67 C = 74.61 F Cap Strength: 17.23 C Lifted Index: 17.42 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 23.60 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.08 C Showalter Index: 20.52 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 6.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.70 C Cross Totals Index: -11.30 C K Index: -20.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 109.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.63 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 10.36 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.55 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 68323.78 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.44 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 871.17 mb = 1305.06 m = 4281.64 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 14 at 33 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 194 33 8.0 32.3 1 949 610 20 14 -4.8 -13.2 | 190 19 3.2 19.2 2 925 822 20 15 -5.1 -14.1 | 189 18 2.9 18.2 3 914 914 20 15 -5.1 -14.1 | 189 18 2.9 18.2 4 880 1219 5 21 -1.8 -20.9 | 209 13 6.2 11.4 5 850 1503 360 19 -0.0 -19.0 | 211 16 8.0 13.3 6 816 1829 360 26 -0.0 -26.0 | 232 10 8.0 6.3 7 785 2134 360 30 -0.0 -30.0 | 254 8 8.0 2.3 8 756 2438 350 38 6.6 -37.4 | 289 15 14.6 -5.1 9 727 2743 345 41 10.6 -39.6 | 291 20 18.6 -7.3 10 700 3049 340 40 13.7 -37.6 | 284 22 21.7 -5.3 11 673 3353 335 40 16.9 -36.3 | 279 25 24.9 -3.9 12 647 3658 345 52 13.5 -50.2 | 310 28 21.5 -17.9 13 598 4267 340 63 21.5 -59.2 | 312 40 29.6 -26.9 14 553 4877 340 65 22.2 -61.1 | 314 42 30.3 -28.8 15 511 5486 340 72 24.6 -67.7 | 317 48 32.7 -35.3 16 500 5650 340 71 24.3 -66.7 | 317 47 32.3 -34.4 17 471 6096 335 73 30.9 -66.2 | 311 52 38.9 -33.8 18 400 7300 335 76 32.1 -68.9 | 312 54 40.1 -36.6 19 382 7620 335 77 32.5 -69.8 | 313 55 40.6 -37.5 20 307 9144 325 80 45.9 -65.5 | 302 63 53.9 -33.2 21 300 9310 325 82 47.0 -67.2 | 302 65 55.1 -34.8 22 294 9449 320 84 54.0 -64.3 | 297 70 62.0 -32.0 23 250 10530 330 94 47.0 -81.4 | 312 74 55.0 -49.1 24 245 10668 330 86 43.0 -74.5 | 310 66 51.0 -42.1 25 243 10719 325 103 59.1 -84.4 | 308 85 67.1 -52.0 26 234 10973 325 103 59.1 -84.4 | 308 85 67.1 -52.0 27 200 12000 325 98 56.2 -80.3 | 307 80 64.2 -47.9 28 150 13830 325 81 46.5 -66.4 | 302 64 54.5 -34.0 29 120 15240 335 64 27.0 -58.0 | 306 43 35.1 -25.7 30 115 15488 320 58 37.3 -44.4 | 285 47 45.3 -12.1 31 108 15850 315 60 42.4 -42.4 | 281 51 50.5 -10.1 32 100 16350 330 55 27.5 -47.6 | 293 39 35.5 -15.3 33 98 16459 330 55 27.5 -47.6 | 293 39 35.5 -15.3 34 85 17374 330 38 19.0 -32.9 | 271 27 27.0 -0.6 35 81 17678 310 34 26.0 -21.9 | 253 36 34.1 10.5 36 73 18288 330 31 15.5 -26.8 | 257 24 23.5 5.5 37 70 18560 345 24 6.2 -23.2 | 237 17 14.2 9.1 38 66 18898 345 21 5.4 -20.3 | 228 18 13.5 12.0 39 60 19507 325 23 13.2 -18.8 | 238 25 21.2 13.5 40 54 20117 360 27 -0.0 -27.0 | 236 10 8.0 5.3 41 52 20422 20 19 -6.5 -17.9 | 186 15 1.5 14.5 42 50 20620 75 4 -3.9 -1.0 | 188 32 4.2 31.3 43 49 20726 55 11 -9.0 -6.3 | 178 26 -1.0 26.0 44 47 21031 15 1 -0.3 -1.0 | 194 32 7.8 31.4 45 45 21336 320 13 8.4 -10.0 | 216 28 16.4 22.4 46 42 21641 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 232 22 16.9 13.3 47 40 21946 335 11 4.6 -10.0 | 210 26 12.7 22.4 48 38 22250 355 15 1.3 -14.9 | 208 20 9.3 17.4 49 37 22555 340 13 4.4 -12.2 | 212 24 12.5 20.1 50 35 22860 360 14 -0.0 -14.0 | 204 20 8.0 18.3 51 33 23165 345 3 0.8 -2.9 | 197 31 8.8 29.4 52 30 23770 310 12 9.2 -7.7 | 215 30 17.2 24.6 53 30 23774 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 211 29 15.1 25.3 54 27 24384 290 11 10.3 -3.8 | 213 34 18.4 28.6 55 26 24689 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 215 40 23.0 32.3 56 25 24994 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 211 42 21.5 36.0 57 22 25603 280 23 22.7 -4.0 | 227 42 30.7 28.3 58 21 25908 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 234 31 24.9 18.2 59 20 26213 305 11 9.0 -6.3 | 213 31 17.0 26.0 60 20 26350 210 14 7.0 12.1 | 199 47 15.0 44.5 61 19 26822 210 15 7.5 13.0 | 199 48 15.5 45.3 62 18 27127 240 21 18.2 10.5 | 211 50 26.2 42.8 63 17 27432 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 210 52 26.0 44.9 64 15 28042 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 234 61 48.9 35.9 65 14 28651 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 236 48 39.5 26.8 66 13 28956 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 221 48 31.7 36.5 67 13 29261 270 39 39.0 -0.0 | 235 57 47.0 32.3 68 12 29870 240 35 30.3 17.5 | 218 63 38.3 49.8 69 10 30870 235 38 31.1 21.8 | 216 67 39.2 54.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 343.9 at 44.4 knts Storm direction: 13.9 at 33.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.5 neg: 5.3 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 87.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 72.3 neg: -35.2 tot: 37.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 12.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.27 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.6 stream: 2.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.05 Bulk Shear: 189.64 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 20 9 192 25| 14.9 0.0 14.9| 4.8 -12.7 -7.8 -15.7 -0.11| 15.2 -1.6 1000 16 13 192 21| 7.5 4.0 11.5| 24.6 -13.1 11.5 11.5 0.14| 11.7 1.7 1500 10 15 198 18| 5.0 3.8 8.8| 37.0 -13.1 23.9 15.9 0.23| 10.1 2.3 2000 6 18 204 15| 3.7 5.0 8.8| 56.2 -13.1 43.1 21.5 0.37| 9.9 3.7 2500 0 22 218 13| 3.0 6.2 9.1| 72.3 -13.1 59.2 23.7 0.38| 10.3 4.0 3000 355 25 235 12| 2.5 5.3 7.8| 72.3 -35.2 37.0 12.3 0.27| 9.6 2.6 4000 349 32 267 14| 3.7 5.3 8.9|180.6 -39.4 141.2 35.3 0.37| 10.6 3.9 5000 346 39 287 18| 2.9 4.9 7.8|209.8 -39.4 170.4 34.1 0.37| 9.2 3.4 6000 344 44 297 23| 2.4 4.6 7.0|225.7-107.9 117.7 19.6 0.29| 8.5 2.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251016.12.gif