UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 15 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 15 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 186 20 4 SFC 996 215 11.6 7.5 76 4.1 9.4 20 4 285.1 286.2 282.7 303.3 6.53 2 960 524 9.0 4.0 71 5.0 6.5 28 13 285.5 286.4 281.5 300.4 5.31 3 925 832 6.2 2.7 78 3.5 4.5 25 14 285.6 286.5 281.3 299.8 5.02 4 924 841 6.2 2.8 79 3.4 4.5 23 14 285.7 286.6 281.3 300.0 5.06 5 906 1002 5.6 0.6 70 5.0 3.2 354 11 286.7 287.5 281.0 299.3 4.41 6 895 1102 4.8 4.6 99 0.2 4.7 336 11 286.9 287.9 282.8 303.7 5.94 7 893 1120 5.0 4.5 97 0.5 4.8 333 11 287.3 288.3 283.0 304.0 5.92 8 891 1139 5.4 1.3 75 4.1 3.4 330 11 287.9 288.7 281.9 301.4 4.72 9 884 1203 5.2 2.2 81 3.0 3.7 318 10 288.3 289.2 282.5 302.8 5.07 10 877 1268 4.8 1.6 80 3.2 3.2 318 11 288.6 289.4 282.4 302.6 4.90 11 872 1315 4.8 -2.2 60 7.0 1.7 321 12 289.1 289.7 281.3 299.8 3.73 12 856 1466 4.0 -6.0 48 10.0 -0.0 331 15 289.8 290.3 280.5 298.1 2.85 13 853 1494 4.0 -7.0 44 11.0 -0.4 333 15 290.0 290.5 280.4 297.9 2.65 14 850 1523 4.6 -10.4 33 15.0 -0.9 335 16 291.0 291.3 280.0 297.1 2.03 15 848 1542 4.8 -11.2 30 16.0 -1.0 343 16 291.4 291.7 280.1 297.1 1.91 16 833 1688 5.4 -14.6 22 20.0 -1.4 329 19 293.5 293.8 280.5 298.0 1.48 17 816 1856 6.4 -27.6 7 34.0 -2.6 315 21 296.3 296.4 280.4 297.9 0.49 18 752 2521 2.2 -16.8 23 19.0 -4.0 317 23 298.7 299.0 282.6 303.0 1.36 19 730 2760 1.6 -13.4 32 15.0 -3.8 311 23 300.6 301.0 284.0 306.5 1.86 20 727 2793 1.4 -12.6 34 14.0 -3.7 314 23 300.8 301.1 284.2 307.0 1.99 21 723 2838 2.2 -9.8 41 12.0 -2.6 318 23 302.1 302.6 285.3 309.9 2.51 22 713 2950 2.0 -18.0 21 20.0 -4.6 327 22 303.1 303.3 284.3 307.3 1.30 23 705 3041 1.2 -12.8 34 14.0 -4.0 334 22 303.2 303.6 285.1 309.6 2.02 24 700 3098 0.8 -12.2 37 13.0 -4.1 335 21 303.4 303.8 285.4 310.1 2.14 25 677 3365 -1.3 -11.3 46 10.0 -5.1 324 18 303.9 304.4 285.8 311.4 2.38 26 675 3389 -1.5 -10.5 50 9.0 -5.0 322 18 304.0 304.4 286.0 311.9 2.54 27 672 3424 -1.5 -7.5 64 6.0 -4.0 319 18 304.4 305.0 286.9 314.4 3.24 28 663 3531 -1.9 -5.0 79 3.1 -3.3 308 19 305.1 305.8 287.9 317.3 3.98 29 650 3688 -2.7 -3.1 97 0.4 -2.9 295 21 305.9 306.8 288.8 320.3 4.68 30 642 3786 -3.1 -3.1 100 0.0 -3.1 295 24 306.5 307.4 289.1 321.1 4.74 31 614 4139 -3.7 -3.7 100 0.0 -3.7 295 35 309.8 310.7 290.2 324.6 4.74 32 582 4559 -6.1 -6.1 100 0.0 -6.1 295 41 311.8 312.6 290.2 324.9 4.17 33 577 4627 -5.3 -5.3 100 0.0 -5.3 295 41 313.5 314.3 291.0 327.6 4.47 34 553 4959 -7.3 -7.6 98 0.3 -7.4 295 43 314.9 315.7 291.0 327.5 3.91 35 540 5144 -8.1 -8.9 94 0.8 -8.4 296 44 316.1 316.8 291.1 327.8 3.61 36 532 5260 -7.7 -11.5 74 3.8 -9.2 297 44 318.0 318.5 291.0 327.7 2.98 37 526 5348 -7.9 -13.9 62 6.0 -10.1 298 45 318.8 319.2 290.9 327.0 2.48 38 505 5663 -10.3 -13.5 77 3.2 -11.5 300 46 319.6 320.1 291.3 328.4 2.67 39 500 5740 -10.7 -14.3 75 3.6 -12.0 300 46 320.0 320.5 291.3 328.4 2.53 40 456 6444 -14.7 -24.7 42 10.0 -17.3 308 52 323.5 323.8 291.0 327.5 1.13 41 429 6903 -18.9 -23.0 70 4.1 -20.0 307 58 323.9 324.2 291.3 328.7 1.40 42 410 7238 -21.9 -24.8 77 2.9 -22.6 303 61 324.2 324.5 291.3 328.6 1.25 43 405 7329 -22.3 -25.8 73 3.5 -23.1 301 62 324.8 325.1 291.4 328.9 1.15 44 400 7420 -23.1 -26.3 75 3.2 -23.8 300 63 325.0 325.2 291.4 328.9 1.12 45 366 8065 -28.1 -30.9 77 2.8 -28.6 300 68 326.7 326.8 291.6 329.5 0.79 46 356 8263 -29.7 -31.4 85 1.7 -30.0 300 69 327.1 327.3 291.7 329.9 0.78 47 341 8569 -32.5 -34.7 81 2.2 -32.8 300 72 327.4 327.5 291.6 329.5 0.59 48 332 8757 -33.7 -34.8 90 1.1 -33.8 300 73 328.2 328.3 291.8 330.4 0.60 49 328 8842 -34.3 -35.8 86 1.5 -34.5 300 74 328.5 328.6 291.9 330.6 0.55 50 324 8928 -34.9 -38.1 73 3.2 -35.3 299 73 328.9 329.0 291.9 330.5 0.44 51 305 9347 -38.9 -41.2 79 2.3 -39.1 295 73 329.0 329.0 291.8 330.3 0.34 52 303 9392 -39.3 -40.8 86 1.5 -39.4 295 73 329.0 329.1 291.8 330.4 0.36 53 300 9460 -39.7 -42.4 75 2.7 -39.9 295 74 329.4 329.5 291.9 330.6 0.30 54 296 9552 -40.3 -44.5 64 4.2 -40.6 296 76 329.8 329.9 291.9 330.8 0.25 55 294 9598 -40.9 -43.3 78 2.4 -41.1 296 76 329.6 329.7 291.9 330.7 0.28 56 292 9644 -41.1 -43.5 78 2.4 -41.3 296 77 330.0 330.0 292.0 331.0 0.28 57 250 10690 -45.7 -64.7 10 19.0 -46.3 305 96 338.1 338.1 293.9 338.2 0.03 58 220 11532 -49.6 -69.2 8 19.6 -50.0 310 115 344.7 344.7 295.4 344.8 0.02 59 200 12150 -52.5 -72.5 7 20.0 -52.8 310 114 349.6 349.6 296.5 349.7 0.01 60 150 13970 -62.3 -82.3 5 20.0 -62.4 305 95 362.8 362.8 299.2 362.8 0.00 61 106 16087 -68.1 -86.1 6 18.0 -68.2 295 64 389.6 389.6 303.8 389.6 0.00 62 100 16440 -65.1 -86.1 4 21.0 -65.3 305 64 401.9 401.9 305.5 402.0 0.00 63 79 17865 -67.9 -87.9 4 20.0 -68.0 312 45 424.2 424.2 308.2 424.2 0.00 64 77 18020 -65.9 -87.9 3 22.0 -66.1 313 44 431.5 431.5 309.0 431.5 0.00 65 70 18600 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 340 32 446.4 446.4 310.5 446.4 0.00 66 63 19241 -67.5 -89.5 3 22.0 -67.7 344 20 453.4 453.4 311.2 453.4 0.00 67 55 20065 -65.3 -89.3 2 24.0 -65.5 331 26 476.4 476.4 313.2 476.4 0.00 68 53 20292 -63.1 -88.1 2 25.0 -63.5 342 21 486.6 486.6 314.0 486.6 0.00 69 50 20650 -64.9 -88.9 2 24.0 -65.2 315 16 490.5 490.5 314.2 490.6 0.00 70 45 21295 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.2 334 22 513.3 513.3 315.9 513.3 0.00 71 43 21575 -63.3 -88.3 2 25.0 -63.7 11 11 516.1 516.1 316.1 516.1 0.00 72 41 21866 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.1 352 9 522.2 522.2 316.4 522.2 0.00 73 41 21866 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -63.0 352 9 525.2 525.2 316.6 525.2 0.00 74 39 22173 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.3 314 10 529.2 529.2 316.9 529.2 0.00 75 37 22495 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.3 346 11 540.3 540.3 317.5 540.3 0.00 76 35 22836 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -64.0 150 3 546.9 546.9 317.9 546.9 0.00 77 33 23199 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.5 258 11 563.6 563.6 318.8 563.6 0.00 78 31 23586 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -62.3 324 18 571.6 571.6 319.2 571.6 0.00 79 30 23790 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.8 295 6 581.3 581.3 319.8 581.4 0.01 80 25 24944 -55.5 -85.5 1 30.0 -57.2 290 18 625.1 625.1 321.7 625.2 0.01 81 24 25203 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -59.2 318 21 626.0 626.0 321.7 626.1 0.01 82 22 25757 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -56.8 327 15 650.8 650.8 322.7 650.8 0.01 83 20 26370 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -56.1 305 23 672.4 672.4 323.5 672.5 0.01 84 17 27424 -48.7 -83.7 1 35.0 -53.0 285 27 719.8 719.8 325.1 720.0 0.02 85 13 29168 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -56.3 235 24 764.0 764.0 326.3 764.2 0.02 86 12 29687 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -54.7 272 43 791.7 791.7 327.0 791.9 0.03 87 11 30256 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -55.0 269 43 811.6 811.6 327.5 811.9 0.03 88 10 30880 -48.5 -83.5 1 35.0 -54.6 260 37 838.5 838.5 328.1 838.9 0.04 89 9.3 31359 -47.3 -83.3 1 36.0 -54.2 860.7 860.7 328.6 861.1 0.04 90 8.8 31724 -48.1 -83.1 1 35.0 -54.8 871.3 871.3 328.8 871.7 0.05 91 8.1 32273 -45.5 -82.5 1 37.0 -53.8 902.5 902.5 329.5 903.0 0.05 92 7.4 32874 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -55.0 919.6 919.6 329.8 920.2 0.05 TRP 106 16087 -68.1 -86.1 6 18.0 -68.2 295 64 389.6 389.6 303.8 389.6 0.00 WND 220 11532 -49.6 -69.2 8 19.6 -50.0 310 115 344.7 344.7 295.4 344.8 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5554.00 m Freezing level: 691.24 mb = 3199.75 m = 10497.73 ft Wetbulb zero: 856.35 mb = 1462.35 m = 4797.67 ft Precipitable water: 0.76 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 64.02 % Est. max temperature: 18.17 C = 64.70 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 936.11 mb = 732.85 m = 2404.33 ft T: 7.10 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.35 C/km ThetaE index: 5.74 C Layer 877.0- 848.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 683.92 mb = 3283.81 m = 10773.53 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.34 g/kg Conv temperature: 30.27 C = 86.48 F Cap Strength: 17.51 C Lifted Index: 17.76 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 20.40 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.80 C Showalter Index: 20.33 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 15.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 15.30 C Cross Totals Index: 0.30 C K Index: -8.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 78.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 6.46 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 6.45 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.59 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 53281.75 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.54 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 887.27 mb = 1172.96 m = 3848.26 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 338 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 20 4 -1.4 -3.8 | 150 18 -9.1 15.5 1 950 610 30 16 -8.0 -13.9 | 109 17 -15.7 5.4 2 925 832 25 14 -5.9 -12.7 | 116 15 -13.7 6.6 3 916 914 10 12 -2.1 -11.8 | 127 12 -9.8 7.4 4 882 1219 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 177 12 -0.7 12.2 5 850 1523 335 16 6.8 -14.5 | 168 5 -1.0 4.7 6 850 1524 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 136 5 -3.6 3.8 7 819 1829 315 21 14.8 -14.8 | 238 8 7.1 4.4 8 788 2134 310 24 18.4 -15.4 | 250 11 10.6 3.8 9 759 2438 320 23 14.8 -17.6 | 257 7 7.0 1.6 10 731 2743 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 246 11 9.9 4.5 11 704 3048 335 22 9.3 -19.9 | 294 2 1.6 -0.7 12 700 3098 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 259 1 1.1 0.2 13 678 3353 325 18 10.3 -14.7 | 210 5 2.6 4.5 14 652 3658 295 20 18.1 -8.5 | 224 15 10.4 10.8 15 603 4267 295 39 35.3 -16.5 | 264 28 27.6 2.8 16 558 4877 295 43 39.0 -18.2 | 268 31 31.2 1.1 17 500 5740 300 46 39.8 -23.0 | 277 32 32.1 -3.8 18 477 6096 305 46 37.7 -26.4 | 283 31 29.9 -7.1 19 440 6706 310 56 42.9 -36.0 | 295 39 35.2 -16.7 20 400 7420 300 63 54.6 -31.5 | 285 48 46.8 -12.3 21 389 7620 300 64 55.4 -32.0 | 285 49 47.7 -12.8 22 327 8839 300 74 64.1 -37.0 | 287 59 56.3 -17.8 23 314 9144 295 71 64.3 -30.0 | 281 58 56.6 -10.8 24 300 9460 295 74 67.1 -31.3 | 281 61 59.3 -12.0 25 250 10690 305 96 78.6 -55.1 | 297 79 70.9 -35.8 26 220 11532 310 115 88.1 -73.9 | 304 97 80.3 -54.7 27 218 11582 310 115 88.1 -73.9 | 304 97 80.3 -54.7 28 200 12150 310 114 87.3 -73.3 | 304 96 79.6 -54.0 29 150 13970 305 95 77.8 -54.5 | 297 78 70.1 -35.2 30 135 14630 310 99 75.8 -63.6 | 303 81 68.1 -44.4 31 122 15240 290 79 74.2 -27.0 | 277 67 66.5 -7.8 32 106 16087 295 64 58.0 -27.0 | 279 51 50.3 -7.8 33 105 16154 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 277 47 46.6 -6.1 34 100 16440 305 64 52.4 -36.7 | 291 48 44.7 -17.5 35 95 16764 305 64 52.4 -36.7 | 291 48 44.7 -17.5 36 86 17374 300 47 40.7 -23.5 | 277 33 33.0 -4.3 37 82 17678 315 46 32.5 -32.5 | 298 28 24.8 -13.3 38 78 17983 310 45 34.5 -28.9 | 290 28 26.7 -9.7 39 74 18288 330 39 19.5 -33.8 | 321 19 11.8 -14.5 40 70 18593 310 34 26.0 -21.9 | 278 18 18.3 -2.6 41 70 18600 340 32 10.9 -30.1 | 344 11 3.2 -10.8 42 67 18898 320 40 25.7 -30.6 | 302 21 18.0 -11.4 43 63 19202 350 21 3.6 -20.7 | 71 4 -4.1 -1.4 44 60 19507 305 13 10.6 -7.5 | 194 12 2.9 11.8 45 57 19812 335 26 11.0 -23.6 | 323 5 3.2 -4.3 46 55 20117 330 26 13.0 -22.5 | 302 6 5.3 -3.3 47 52 20422 350 18 3.1 -17.7 | 108 5 -4.6 1.5 48 50 20650 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 204 9 3.6 7.9 49 49 20726 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 184 11 0.7 10.8 50 47 21031 325 18 10.3 -14.7 | 210 5 2.6 4.5 51 45 21336 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 309 3 2.0 -1.6 52 43 21641 20 8 -2.7 -7.5 | 138 16 -10.5 11.7 53 39 22250 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 182 14 0.4 13.5 54 37 22555 355 11 1.0 -11.0 | 141 11 -6.8 8.3 55 35 22860 160 2 -0.7 1.9 | 158 23 -8.4 21.1 56 33 23165 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 184 23 1.7 22.7 57 32 23470 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 224 10 6.8 7.0 58 30 23774 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 136 5 -3.6 3.8 59 30 23790 295 6 5.4 -2.5 | 172 17 -2.3 16.7 60 29 24079 355 10 0.9 -10.0 | 143 12 -6.9 9.3 61 27 24384 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 187 17 1.9 16.7 62 25 24994 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 218 16 10.1 12.7 63 24 25298 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 267 3 3.3 0.2 64 23 25603 340 13 4.4 -12.2 | 155 8 -3.3 7.0 65 22 25908 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 211 8 4.3 7.2 66 20 26370 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 241 13 11.1 6.1 67 17 27432 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 236 22 18.3 12.3 68 16 27737 270 31 31.0 -0.0 | 230 30 23.3 19.2 69 15 28042 255 26 25.1 6.7 | 214 31 17.4 26.0 70 15 28346 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 200 25 8.7 23.6 71 13 28956 235 22 18.0 12.6 | 198 33 10.3 31.9 72 13 29261 235 25 20.5 14.3 | 201 36 12.7 33.6 73 12 29566 270 41 41.0 -0.0 | 240 38 33.3 19.2 74 12 29870 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 248 41 38.1 15.2 75 10 30880 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 228 38 28.7 25.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 308.1 at 27.7 knts Storm direction: 338.1 at 20.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.9 neg: 3.7 tot: 7.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 72.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 62.2 neg: -55.5 tot: 6.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 2.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.14 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.7 stream: 1.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.06 Bulk Shear: 103.78 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 28 11 126 16| 11.4 0.0 11.4| 3.4 -49.2 -45.8 -91.6 -0.81| 13.6-11.0 1000 16 12 126 14| 5.7 7.9 13.6| 43.2 -49.2 -6.1 -6.1 0.08| 14.9 1.2 1500 358 13 132 10| 6.3 5.2 11.5| 47.2 -51.0 -3.8 -2.5 0.12| 14.3 1.8 2000 340 15 153 6| 4.7 5.6 10.3| 56.0 -51.0 5.0 2.5 0.19| 12.9 2.4 2500 333 17 179 4| 3.8 4.5 8.3| 57.6 -54.6 3.0 1.2 0.15| 11.6 1.7 3000 331 18 192 4| 3.9 3.7 7.6| 62.2 -55.5 6.7 2.2 0.14| 11.7 1.6 4000 321 19 226 6| 2.9 5.9 8.8|128.9 -56.1 72.8 18.2 0.23| 12.5 2.9 5000 311 24 251 11| 2.5 5.1 7.6|165.4 -56.1 109.3 21.9 0.26| 10.8 2.8 6000 308 28 261 14| 2.7 4.2 7.0|233.2 -56.1 177.1 29.5 0.31| 9.8 3.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251015.12.gif