UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101500.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 15 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 15 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 184 245 10 SFC 996 215 16.2 13.8 86 2.4 14.7 245 10 289.7 291.4 288.0 317.8 10.00 2 973 414 14.4 13.1 92 1.3 13.6 270 12 289.8 291.5 287.9 317.3 9.78 3 965 485 14.2 12.4 89 1.8 13.1 279 12 290.3 292.0 287.7 316.9 9.41 4 956 565 15.4 10.6 73 4.8 12.6 289 13 292.3 293.8 287.5 316.3 8.42 5 947 645 15.0 10.0 72 5.0 12.0 297 13 292.7 294.1 287.4 316.0 8.16 6 925 845 13.2 9.1 76 4.1 10.8 310 14 292.8 294.2 287.2 315.3 7.86 7 851 1540 7.6 6.9 95 0.7 7.2 325 19 294.0 295.3 287.2 315.2 7.35 8 850 1550 7.4 6.7 95 0.7 7.0 325 19 293.9 295.2 287.0 314.8 7.26 9 828 1766 6.6 4.2 85 2.4 5.3 329 17 295.3 296.4 286.5 313.5 6.25 10 813 1915 5.6 4.8 95 0.8 5.2 336 17 295.8 296.9 287.1 315.1 6.64 11 805 1996 5.4 3.8 89 1.6 4.5 341 18 296.4 297.5 287.0 314.7 6.25 12 802 2027 5.6 2.3 79 3.3 3.9 343 19 296.9 297.9 286.6 313.5 5.64 13 798 2068 7.2 -5.8 39 13.0 1.5 346 19 299.0 299.6 284.7 308.5 3.10 14 795 2099 7.6 -8.4 31 16.0 1.0 348 20 299.8 300.3 284.4 307.6 2.55 15 788 2171 7.4 -13.6 21 21.0 -0.4 351 21 300.3 300.6 283.7 305.7 1.70 16 773 2330 7.0 -28.0 6 35.0 -2.6 356 23 301.6 301.6 282.7 303.2 0.49 17 762 2447 6.4 -25.6 8 32.0 -2.7 360 25 302.1 302.3 283.1 304.2 0.62 18 753 2545 6.6 -15.4 19 22.0 -1.4 358 25 303.4 303.7 284.7 308.3 1.53 19 733 2765 6.0 -23.0 10 29.0 -2.9 354 25 305.1 305.2 284.5 307.8 0.82 20 715 2969 6.8 -36.2 3 43.0 -3.6 344 23 308.1 308.2 284.9 309.0 0.24 21 700 3143 5.8 -32.2 4 38.0 -4.0 335 21 308.9 309.0 285.4 310.2 0.37 22 631 3984 1.0 -36.0 4 37.0 -7.5 315 20 312.7 312.8 286.6 313.7 0.28 23 619 4138 1.2 -29.8 8 31.0 -7.0 320 23 314.7 314.8 287.6 316.5 0.52 24 592 4496 -0.7 -24.7 14 24.0 -7.8 328 34 316.5 316.7 288.6 319.5 0.87 25 586 4577 -0.9 -20.9 20 20.0 -7.4 330 37 317.2 317.4 289.2 321.4 1.23 26 567 4839 -3.1 -17.1 33 14.0 -8.0 322 36 317.6 318.0 289.8 323.5 1.76 27 556 4994 -4.3 -12.3 54 8.0 -7.5 320 36 318.0 318.5 290.8 326.8 2.67 28 553 5036 -4.7 -13.7 49 9.0 -8.1 320 36 318.0 318.5 290.6 326.0 2.40 29 549 5093 -5.1 -17.1 38 12.0 -9.3 320 37 318.2 318.6 290.0 324.3 1.82 30 546 5136 -5.5 -14.5 49 9.0 -8.8 320 37 318.2 318.7 290.5 325.8 2.28 31 539 5237 -6.5 -13.5 58 7.0 -9.2 320 38 318.2 318.7 290.7 326.5 2.50 32 534 5310 -7.1 -16.1 49 9.0 -10.2 320 39 318.3 318.7 290.3 325.1 2.04 33 529 5383 -7.7 -15.7 53 8.0 -10.5 320 40 318.5 318.9 290.5 325.6 2.13 34 526 5427 -7.9 -14.9 57 7.0 -10.4 320 40 318.8 319.2 290.7 326.4 2.29 35 517 5561 -8.5 -18.5 44 10.0 -11.8 320 41 319.6 319.9 290.4 325.4 1.72 36 515 5592 -8.7 -16.7 52 8.0 -11.5 320 40 319.7 320.1 290.7 326.5 2.01 37 507 5713 -9.3 -18.3 48 9.0 -12.3 320 40 320.4 320.8 290.7 326.5 1.78 38 504 5759 -9.7 -16.7 57 7.0 -12.1 320 39 320.5 320.9 291.0 327.4 2.05 39 500 5820 -10.3 -17.3 56 7.0 -12.6 320 39 320.5 320.9 290.9 327.1 1.97 40 499 5835 -10.3 -17.3 56 7.0 -12.6 319 39 320.7 321.0 290.9 327.3 1.97 41 495 5897 -10.7 -18.7 52 8.0 -13.3 317 40 320.9 321.3 290.8 326.9 1.76 42 493 5928 -10.5 -19.5 48 9.0 -13.3 316 40 321.5 321.9 290.9 327.2 1.65 43 460 6457 -14.5 -23.5 46 9.0 -16.9 310 39 323.0 323.2 290.9 327.3 1.25 44 444 6724 -17.1 -24.1 55 7.0 -18.9 312 47 323.0 323.2 290.9 327.2 1.23 45 436 6860 -17.9 -23.9 59 6.0 -19.4 312 50 323.6 323.9 291.2 328.1 1.27 46 430 6963 -18.1 -27.1 45 9.0 -20.2 313 53 324.7 324.9 291.2 328.1 0.96 47 426 7033 -18.5 -34.5 23 16.0 -21.4 313 55 325.0 325.1 290.8 326.8 0.48 48 422 7103 -18.7 -36.7 19 18.0 -21.8 314 57 325.7 325.7 290.9 327.1 0.39 49 420 7139 -19.1 -37.1 19 18.0 -22.1 314 58 325.6 325.7 290.9 327.0 0.38 50 418 7174 -19.3 -31.3 34 12.0 -21.7 314 59 325.8 325.9 291.2 328.2 0.67 51 410 7317 -19.7 -33.7 28 14.0 -22.3 315 63 327.1 327.2 291.5 329.1 0.54 52 400 7500 -21.5 -36.5 25 15.0 -24.0 310 60 327.0 327.1 291.3 328.6 0.42 53 392 7649 -22.7 -39.7 20 17.0 -25.2 310 60 327.4 327.4 291.3 328.5 0.31 54 361 8248 -28.1 -41.1 28 13.0 -29.7 310 50 328.0 328.0 291.5 329.1 0.29 55 332 8844 -32.7 -38.7 55 6.0 -33.4 313 65 329.6 329.7 292.0 331.1 0.41 56 300 9550 -38.5 -46.5 43 8.0 -39.1 315 74 331.1 331.1 292.2 331.9 0.20 57 250 10770 -47.7 -56.7 35 9.0 -48.0 320 93 335.2 335.2 293.2 335.4 0.07 58 222 11550 -49.7 -65.6 14 15.9 -50.1 320 116 343.6 343.6 295.2 343.7 0.03 59 200 12230 -51.5 -73.5 6 22.0 -51.9 315 114 351.2 351.2 296.9 351.3 0.01 60 150 14060 -61.7 -81.7 5 20.0 -61.9 305 101 363.8 363.8 299.4 363.8 0.00 61 108 16067 -68.5 -85.5 7 17.0 -68.6 315 64 386.8 386.8 303.3 386.8 0.00 62 100 16530 -68.1 -86.1 6 18.0 -68.2 305 47 396.2 396.2 304.7 396.2 0.00 63 90 17164 -67.5 -86.5 5 19.0 -67.6 296 44 409.5 409.5 306.5 409.5 0.00 64 84 17579 -67.7 -86.7 5 19.0 -67.8 287 42 417.2 417.2 307.4 417.2 0.00 65 79 17946 -69.9 -86.9 7 17.0 -70.0 296 38 420.1 420.1 307.7 420.1 0.00 66 74 18337 -68.5 -87.5 5 19.0 -68.7 311 33 430.9 430.9 308.9 430.9 0.00 67 70 18670 -68.5 -88.5 4 20.0 -68.7 285 21 437.8 437.8 309.7 437.8 0.00 68 66 19023 -66.1 -88.1 3 22.0 -66.3 289 23 450.5 450.5 310.9 450.5 0.00 69 57 19910 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 326 25 470.2 470.2 312.7 470.2 0.00 70 54 20236 -67.5 -89.5 3 22.0 -67.7 330 14 473.9 473.9 313.0 473.9 0.00 71 50 20700 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.2 345 6 488.2 488.2 314.1 488.2 0.00 72 46 21208 -66.1 -89.1 3 23.0 -66.4 243 9 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 73 43 21620 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.3 214 10 514.6 514.6 315.9 514.6 0.00 74 37 22540 -65.7 -89.7 2 24.0 -66.1 334 16 532.6 532.6 317.1 532.6 0.00 75 33 23250 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -59.5 229 15 569.4 569.4 319.1 569.5 0.01 76 30 23850 -58.7 -86.7 2 28.0 -59.7 310 22 584.6 584.6 319.9 584.7 0.01 77 29 24063 -59.3 -86.3 2 27.0 -60.3 305 23 588.7 588.7 320.1 588.7 0.01 78 28 24284 -56.1 -85.1 1 29.0 -57.6 319 20 603.5 603.5 320.7 603.6 0.01 79 26 24755 -55.7 -84.7 1 29.0 -57.3 331 17 617.6 617.6 321.4 617.6 0.01 80 24 25263 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -58.6 349 18 627.8 627.8 321.8 627.9 0.01 81 21 26116 -52.9 -83.9 1 31.0 -55.5 276 17 664.9 664.9 323.2 665.0 0.02 82 20 26430 -54.3 -84.3 1 30.0 -56.6 285 19 670.0 670.0 323.4 670.1 0.02 83 19 26759 -54.5 -84.5 1 30.0 -56.9 288 18 679.2 679.3 323.7 679.4 0.02 84 17 27475 -51.7 -82.7 1 31.0 -55.1 292 18 710.2 710.2 324.7 710.4 0.03 85 16 27869 -50.9 -82.9 1 32.0 -54.6 270 19 725.2 725.2 325.2 725.4 0.03 86 15 28288 -52.1 -83.1 1 31.0 -55.6 277 26 734.7 734.7 325.5 735.0 0.03 87 15 28288 -50.5 -82.5 1 32.0 -54.6 277 26 740.0 740.1 325.7 740.3 0.03 88 15 28288 -50.3 -82.3 1 32.0 -54.4 277 26 740.7 740.7 325.7 741.0 0.03 89 14 28738 -50.9 -82.9 1 32.0 -55.0 298 39 753.4 753.5 326.0 753.7 0.03 90 14 28738 -49.1 -82.1 1 33.0 -53.8 298 39 759.5 759.6 326.2 759.8 0.03 91 12 29747 -49.9 -81.9 1 32.0 -54.8 272 23 790.9 791.0 327.0 791.3 0.04 92 11 30317 -49.1 -82.1 1 33.0 -54.6 280 30 813.8 813.8 327.6 814.2 0.04 93 11 30317 -47.3 -81.3 1 34.0 -53.6 280 30 820.3 820.3 327.7 820.8 0.05 94 10 30950 -45.7 -80.7 1 35.0 -53.1 260 31 849.0 849.0 328.4 849.5 0.06 95 9.8 31085 -45.3 -80.3 1 35.0 -52.9 261 32 855.4 855.4 328.5 856.0 0.06 96 9.7 31153 -45.3 -80.3 1 35.0 -52.9 261 32 857.9 857.9 328.6 858.5 0.07 97 8.9 31723 -48.7 -81.7 1 33.0 -55.1 263 36 866.2 866.2 328.7 866.7 0.06 98 7.0 33300 -49.3 -82.3 1 33.0 -56.3 270 45 925.2 925.3 329.9 925.9 0.07 99 6.9 33394 -49.5 -82.5 1 33.0 -56.5 928.2 928.3 329.9 928.9 0.06 100 6.7 33588 -48.1 -82.1 1 34.0 -55.9 941.9 942.0 330.2 942.7 0.07 TRP 108 16067 -68.5 -85.5 7 17.0 -68.6 315 64 386.8 386.8 303.3 386.8 0.00 WND 222 11550 -49.7 -65.6 14 15.9 -50.1 320 116 343.6 343.6 295.2 343.7 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5636.00 m Freezing level: 601.95 mb = 4364.04 m = 14317.55 ft Wetbulb zero: 790.03 mb = 2150.33 m = 7054.81 ft Precipitable water: 0.80 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 41.63 % Est. max temperature: 20.66 C = 69.18 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 961.08 mb = 519.39 m = 1704.02 ft T: 14.72 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.01 C/km ThetaE index: 11.90 C Layer 805.0- 762.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 876.44 mb = 1294.69 m = 4247.63 ft Mean mixing ratio: 8.58 g/kg Conv temperature: 20.11 C = 68.20 F Cap Strength: 9.07 C Lifted Index: 8.23 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 10.93 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 7.01 C Showalter Index: 9.07 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 34.70 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.70 C Cross Totals Index: 17.00 C K Index: -13.60 Risk: None Sweat Index: 157.40 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.54 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 19.72 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.28 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 28.08 J/kg Cap Strength: 8.92 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 899.85 mb = 1074.87 m = 3526.43 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 844.85 mb = 1599.96 m = 5249.14 ft Equ Level (EL): 834.85 mb = 1697.83 m = 5570.23 ft B at Equ Level: 19.51 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 784.85 mb = 2204.44 m = 7232.33 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 354 at 19 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 197 24 7.2 23.0 1 951 610 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 217 17 10.0 13.3 2 925 845 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 222 13 8.9 9.8 3 917 914 315 14 9.9 -9.9 | 222 12 8.1 8.9 4 884 1219 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 232 11 8.5 6.6 5 853 1524 325 19 10.9 -15.6 | 250 10 9.1 3.2 6 850 1550 325 19 10.9 -15.6 | 250 10 9.1 3.2 7 822 1829 330 16 8.0 -13.9 | 231 8 6.2 5.0 8 792 2134 350 20 3.5 -19.7 | 298 2 1.7 -0.9 9 763 2438 360 25 -0.0 -25.0 | 16 6 -1.8 -6.2 10 735 2743 355 25 2.2 -24.9 | 357 6 0.4 -6.1 11 700 3143 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 272 7 7.1 -0.2 12 682 3353 330 20 10.0 -17.3 | 260 8 8.2 1.5 13 656 3658 305 20 16.4 -11.5 | 243 16 14.6 7.3 14 631 3962 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 249 13 12.3 4.7 15 608 4267 325 26 14.9 -21.3 | 281 13 13.1 -2.5 16 585 4572 330 38 19.0 -32.9 | 309 22 17.2 -14.1 17 563 4877 320 35 22.5 -26.8 | 291 22 20.7 -8.0 18 521 5486 320 41 26.4 -31.4 | 297 28 24.5 -12.6 19 500 5820 320 39 25.1 -29.9 | 295 26 23.3 -11.1 20 482 6096 310 41 31.4 -26.4 | 284 31 29.6 -7.5 21 463 6401 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 282 28 27.3 -5.6 22 410 7315 315 63 44.5 -44.5 | 301 50 42.7 -25.7 23 400 7500 310 60 46.0 -38.6 | 294 48 44.1 -19.8 24 393 7620 310 60 46.0 -38.6 | 294 48 44.1 -19.8 25 361 8230 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 290 39 36.5 -13.3 26 318 9144 315 73 51.6 -51.6 | 303 60 49.8 -32.8 27 300 9550 315 74 52.3 -52.3 | 304 61 50.5 -33.5 28 250 10770 320 93 59.8 -71.2 | 312 78 58.0 -52.4 29 242 10973 320 93 59.8 -71.2 | 312 78 58.0 -52.4 30 231 11278 320 88 56.6 -67.4 | 312 73 54.8 -48.6 31 222 11550 320 116 74.6 -88.9 | 314 101 72.7 -70.0 32 211 11887 320 116 74.6 -88.9 | 314 101 72.7 -70.0 33 200 12230 315 114 80.6 -80.6 | 308 100 78.8 -61.8 34 151 14021 305 97 79.5 -55.6 | 295 86 77.6 -36.8 35 150 14060 305 101 82.7 -57.9 | 296 90 80.9 -39.1 36 130 14935 305 104 85.2 -59.7 | 296 93 83.4 -40.8 37 124 15240 305 76 62.3 -43.6 | 292 65 60.4 -24.8 38 112 15850 310 55 42.1 -35.4 | 292 44 40.3 -16.5 39 108 16067 315 64 45.3 -45.3 | 301 51 43.4 -26.4 40 101 16459 320 65 41.8 -49.8 | 308 51 40.0 -31.0 41 100 16530 305 47 38.5 -27.0 | 283 38 36.7 -8.1 42 96 16764 305 47 38.5 -27.0 | 283 38 36.7 -8.1 43 83 17678 285 41 39.6 -10.6 | 258 39 37.8 8.2 44 75 18288 310 35 26.8 -22.5 | 278 25 25.0 -3.7 45 71 18593 315 21 14.8 -14.8 | 253 14 13.0 4.0 46 70 18670 285 21 20.3 -5.4 | 234 23 18.5 13.4 47 67 18898 285 18 17.4 -4.7 | 228 21 15.6 14.2 48 64 19202 295 30 27.2 -12.7 | 256 26 25.4 6.1 49 61 19507 300 24 20.8 -12.0 | 250 20 19.0 6.8 50 58 19812 315 28 19.8 -19.8 | 273 18 18.0 -1.0 51 55 20117 350 20 3.5 -19.7 | 298 2 1.7 -0.9 52 52 20422 300 5 4.3 -2.5 | 189 17 2.5 16.3 53 50 20700 345 6 1.6 -5.8 | 179 13 -0.3 13.0 54 50 20726 340 18 6.2 -16.9 | 246 5 4.3 1.9 55 47 21031 345 13 3.4 -12.6 | 194 6 1.5 6.3 56 45 21336 175 6 -0.5 6.0 | 175 25 -2.3 24.8 57 43 21641 215 10 5.7 8.2 | 188 27 3.9 27.0 58 41 21946 320 24 15.4 -18.4 | 268 14 13.6 0.4 59 39 22250 350 21 3.6 -20.7 | 316 3 1.8 -1.9 60 37 22555 335 16 6.8 -14.5 | 229 7 4.9 4.3 61 35 22860 170 1 -0.2 1.0 | 174 20 -2.0 19.8 62 32 23470 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 221 30 19.9 22.6 63 30 23850 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 253 16 15.0 4.7 64 29 24079 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 252 18 17.0 5.6 65 28 24384 325 18 10.3 -14.7 | 244 9 8.5 4.1 66 25 24994 335 16 6.8 -14.5 | 229 7 4.9 4.3 67 24 25298 350 18 3.1 -17.7 | 230 2 1.3 1.1 68 23 25603 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 151 11 -5.2 9.4 69 22 25908 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 214 28 15.6 23.5 70 21 26213 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 225 21 14.6 14.4 71 20 26430 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 230 22 16.5 13.9 72 17 27432 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 229 18 13.6 11.6 73 16 27737 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 229 24 17.9 15.3 74 16 28042 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 216 27 15.9 21.9 75 14 28651 300 37 32.0 -18.5 | 269 30 30.2 0.3 76 14 28956 295 43 39.0 -18.2 | 269 37 37.2 0.6 77 13 29261 305 28 22.9 -16.1 | 263 21 21.1 2.8 78 12 29566 285 20 19.3 -5.2 | 232 22 17.5 13.6 79 12 29870 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 228 31 23.1 21.0 80 11 30175 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 248 29 27.2 11.0 81 10 30950 260 31 30.5 5.4 | 230 38 28.7 24.2 82 7 33300 270 45 45.0 -0.0 | 246 47 43.2 18.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 324.5 at 25.2 knts Storm direction: 354.5 at 18.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.1 neg: 1.7 tot: 6.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 69.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 66.8 neg: -22.9 tot: 43.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 14.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.17 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.5 stream: 1.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.42 Bulk Shear: 46.53 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 280 12 210 20| 11.9 0.0 11.9| 42.2 0.0 42.2 84.5 0.64| 12.4 8.0 1000 300 13 218 16| 8.5 0.0 8.5| 50.8 0.0 50.8 50.8 0.59| 9.1 5.4 1500 310 15 225 13| 6.5 0.0 6.5| 59.2 -3.6 55.6 37.1 0.52| 7.9 4.1 2000 319 16 230 11| 6.7 0.0 6.7| 64.4 -6.0 58.5 29.2 0.50| 8.6 4.3 2500 330 17 241 8| 6.2 0.0 6.2| 66.8 -8.8 58.1 23.2 0.44| 8.1 3.6 3000 334 18 249 7| 5.1 1.7 6.8| 66.8 -22.9 43.9 14.6 0.17| 8.5 1.4 4000 329 19 252 8| 4.9 2.5 7.3| 92.2 -35.3 56.8 14.2 0.17| 8.7 1.4 5000 327 22 269 10| 4.9 2.3 7.2|138.3 -69.6 68.8 13.8 0.17| 9.2 1.6 6000 324 25 278 13| 4.1 2.5 6.6|145.4-119.4 26.0 4.3 0.10| 8.7 0.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251015.00.gif