UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101312.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 13 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 13 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 174 25 5 SFC 995 215 11.0 8.0 82 3.0 9.4 25 5 284.6 285.7 282.7 303.4 6.77 2 992 240 10.6 7.7 82 2.9 9.0 29 6 284.4 285.6 282.5 302.9 6.65 3 989 266 11.8 7.7 76 4.1 9.6 34 7 285.9 287.0 283.2 304.5 6.67 4 983 317 11.8 7.3 74 4.5 9.3 43 9 286.4 287.5 283.2 304.7 6.53 5 969 437 11.4 7.0 74 4.4 9.0 64 14 287.1 288.3 283.5 305.4 6.49 6 948 621 13.2 7.2 67 6.0 9.9 94 21 290.8 291.9 285.3 310.0 6.73 7 943 665 13.2 7.2 67 6.0 9.9 92 20 291.2 292.4 285.5 310.5 6.76 8 925 827 11.8 7.2 73 4.6 9.2 85 16 291.4 292.6 285.7 311.1 6.90 9 881 1233 8.2 6.9 91 1.3 7.5 95 21 291.7 293.0 286.1 312.0 7.10 10 850 1529 6.4 6.4 100 0.0 6.4 110 17 292.9 294.1 286.5 313.3 7.11 11 847 1558 6.2 6.2 100 0.0 6.2 111 16 292.9 294.2 286.5 313.2 7.03 12 832 1705 6.2 6.2 100 0.0 6.2 119 14 294.4 295.7 287.1 315.1 7.16 13 768 2357 2.6 2.6 100 0.0 2.6 96 12 297.4 298.5 287.1 315.1 6.02 14 763 2410 3.0 1.9 92 1.1 2.4 96 13 298.4 299.4 287.2 315.4 5.76 15 761 2432 3.8 1.0 82 2.8 2.4 95 13 299.5 300.4 287.3 315.6 5.41 16 724 2835 0.4 -0.3 95 0.7 0.1 80 14 300.0 301.0 287.2 315.5 5.17 17 721 2868 1.0 -1.2 85 2.2 -0.0 80 14 301.0 301.9 287.3 315.7 4.86 18 717 2913 1.2 -1.7 81 2.9 -0.2 80 13 301.7 302.6 287.4 316.0 4.71 19 704 3060 0.6 -3.9 72 4.5 -1.4 80 13 302.7 303.4 287.1 315.1 4.07 20 701 3095 0.8 -5.2 64 6.0 -1.9 80 13 303.2 303.9 286.9 314.6 3.70 21 700 3106 0.8 -5.2 64 6.0 -1.9 80 13 303.4 304.1 287.0 314.8 3.71 22 688 3244 0.0 -8.0 55 8.0 -3.3 94 14 304.0 304.5 286.5 313.4 3.04 23 685 3279 -0.7 -5.7 69 5.0 -2.9 97 14 303.6 304.3 287.0 314.8 3.65 24 675 3396 -1.5 -6.0 71 4.5 -3.4 104 15 304.0 304.6 287.1 315.1 3.62 25 663 3539 -1.9 -6.4 71 4.5 -3.8 99 17 305.1 305.7 287.5 316.1 3.57 26 626 3992 -5.3 -7.1 87 1.8 -6.1 99 16 306.2 306.9 287.9 317.4 3.58 27 615 4131 -5.7 -8.6 80 2.9 -6.9 85 15 307.3 308.0 287.9 317.5 3.25 28 595 4389 -7.7 -8.7 93 1.0 -8.1 73 13 307.9 308.6 288.2 318.4 3.33 29 588 4481 -7.5 -11.3 74 3.8 -8.9 76 13 309.2 309.7 288.1 317.9 2.74 30 571 4708 -9.1 -12.5 76 3.4 -10.4 84 11 309.9 310.4 288.1 318.2 2.56 31 564 4804 -9.7 -14.5 68 4.8 -11.3 87 11 310.3 310.8 287.9 317.4 2.20 32 525 5352 -14.1 -15.9 86 1.8 -14.7 57 20 311.5 311.9 288.2 318.3 2.11 33 505 5645 -15.9 -16.7 94 0.8 -16.2 51 26 312.8 313.2 288.6 319.5 2.05 34 501 5705 -16.1 -19.6 74 3.5 -17.1 50 28 313.2 313.5 288.3 318.6 1.61 35 500 5720 -15.7 -21.7 60 6.0 -17.3 50 28 313.9 314.2 288.2 318.4 1.35 36 498 5750 -15.7 -22.7 55 7.0 -17.5 50 30 314.3 314.5 288.2 318.4 1.24 37 497 5765 -15.5 -24.5 46 9.0 -17.7 50 31 314.7 314.9 288.2 318.3 1.06 38 496 5781 -13.7 -32.7 18 19.0 -17.5 50 31 317.1 317.2 288.3 318.8 0.49 39 495 5796 -13.3 -33.3 17 20.0 -17.3 50 32 317.7 317.8 288.5 319.4 0.47 40 489 5889 -13.3 -35.3 14 22.0 -17.5 48 28 318.8 318.9 288.8 320.2 0.39 41 486 5936 -10.9 -51.9 2 41.0 -16.5 48 26 322.4 322.4 289.6 322.6 0.07 42 416 7117 -17.7 -59.7 1 42.0 -21.9 15 23 328.3 328.3 291.3 328.4 0.03 43 405 7317 -18.3 -60.3 1 42.0 -22.4 15 28 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.1 0.03 44 400 7410 -18.9 -60.9 1 42.0 -22.9 15 30 330.4 330.4 291.9 330.5 0.03 45 384 7712 -21.3 -62.3 1 41.0 -24.8 14 34 331.1 331.2 292.0 331.2 0.02 46 363 8125 -23.3 -62.3 2 39.0 -26.5 7 46 333.8 333.9 292.8 333.9 0.02 47 326 8901 -29.3 -64.3 2 35.0 -31.5 3 56 336.0 336.0 293.3 336.1 0.02 48 317 9101 -30.1 -64.1 2 34.0 -32.2 5 55 337.6 337.6 293.7 337.7 0.02 49 300 9490 -33.3 -63.3 3 30.0 -35.0 360 63 338.4 338.4 294.0 338.5 0.03 50 294 9633 -34.5 -63.5 4 29.0 -36.0 358 62 338.7 338.7 294.0 338.8 0.03 51 277 10049 -37.1 -67.1 3 30.0 -38.4 350 57 340.8 340.8 294.5 340.8 0.02 52 271 10202 -36.7 -68.7 2 32.0 -38.1 348 56 343.5 343.5 295.1 343.5 0.01 53 250 10760 -40.1 -69.1 3 29.0 -41.2 350 72 346.4 346.5 295.8 346.5 0.01 54 243 10953 -41.2 -69.9 3 28.8 -42.2 350 75 347.7 347.7 296.1 347.7 0.01 55 220 11621 -44.9 -72.9 3 28.0 -45.6 359 72 351.9 351.9 297.1 352.0 0.01 56 200 12250 -50.1 -76.1 3 26.0 -50.6 345 72 353.4 353.4 297.4 353.5 0.01 57 189 12617 -52.7 -76.7 4 24.0 -53.1 350 70 355.0 355.0 297.7 355.0 0.01 58 187 12685 -52.9 -77.9 3 25.0 -53.3 351 70 355.8 355.8 297.8 355.8 0.00 59 150 14080 -60.9 -82.9 4 22.0 -61.1 350 58 365.2 365.2 299.7 365.2 0.00 60 100 16570 -65.7 -86.7 4 21.0 -65.8 45 7 400.8 400.8 305.3 400.8 0.00 61 95 16880 -68.1 -86.1 6 18.0 -68.2 340 12 402.0 402.0 305.5 402.0 0.00 62 91 17140 -66.5 -87.5 4 21.0 -66.7 332 16 410.2 410.2 306.5 410.2 0.00 63 86 17481 -68.1 -87.1 5 19.0 -68.2 332 14 413.6 413.6 307.0 413.6 0.00 64 80 17916 -67.1 -88.1 4 21.0 -67.2 314 12 424.3 424.3 308.2 424.3 0.00 65 76 18225 -68.5 -88.5 4 20.0 -68.7 325 12 427.7 427.7 308.6 427.7 0.00 66 72 18550 -67.1 -89.1 3 22.0 -67.2 357 7 437.3 437.3 309.6 437.3 0.00 67 70 18720 -67.9 -89.9 3 22.0 -68.1 15 4 439.1 439.1 309.8 439.1 0.00 68 68 18893 -68.1 -90.1 3 22.0 -68.2 358 5 442.3 442.3 310.1 442.4 0.00 69 66 19073 -66.9 -89.9 3 23.0 -67.1 341 7 448.7 448.8 310.7 448.8 0.00 70 59 19745 -68.7 -89.7 3 21.0 -68.9 308 10 459.3 459.3 311.7 459.3 0.00 71 51 20620 -65.9 -89.9 2 24.0 -66.2 341 15 485.4 485.4 313.9 485.4 0.00 72 50 20740 -66.3 -90.3 2 24.0 -66.5 350 17 487.2 487.2 314.0 487.3 0.00 73 46 21245 -67.1 -91.1 2 24.0 -67.4 34 13 497.1 497.1 314.7 497.1 0.00 74 41 21948 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -63.2 6 6 524.7 524.7 316.6 524.7 0.00 75 37 22581 -63.7 -90.7 1 27.0 -64.2 66 15 537.7 537.7 317.4 537.8 0.00 76 32 23477 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -62.6 169 7 565.4 565.4 318.9 565.4 0.00 77 30 23880 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.2 290 11 586.2 586.3 320.0 586.3 0.00 78 29 24095 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -57.8 272 10 596.9 596.9 320.5 597.0 0.01 79 27 24552 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.4 311 11 617.7 617.7 321.4 617.7 0.01 80 22 25863 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -58.3 238 12 645.4 645.4 322.5 645.5 0.01 81 20 26470 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.6 280 15 666.3 666.3 323.3 666.4 0.01 82 18 27143 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -56.3 260 16 693.0 693.0 324.2 693.1 0.01 83 17 27508 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -58.0 265 18 697.4 697.4 324.3 697.4 0.01 84 13 29244 -47.9 -84.9 1 37.0 -53.4 285 17 780.0 780.0 326.7 780.2 0.02 85 12 29772 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -53.5 290 28 798.7 798.8 327.2 799.0 0.03 86 12 29772 -47.9 -84.9 1 37.0 -53.7 290 28 798.0 798.0 327.2 798.2 0.02 87 10 30970 -49.1 -85.1 1 36.0 -54.9 230 27 836.3 836.3 328.1 836.5 0.03 88 10 30970 -48.7 -84.7 1 36.0 -54.7 230 27 837.8 837.8 328.1 838.0 0.03 89 9.5 31306 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -55.6 845.6 845.6 328.3 845.9 0.03 90 9.1 31590 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -54.1 867.6 867.6 328.8 867.9 0.04 TRP 95 16880 -68.1 -86.1 6 18.0 -68.2 340 12 402.0 402.0 305.5 402.0 0.00 WND 243 10953 -41.2 -69.9 3 28.8 -42.2 350 75 347.7 347.7 296.1 347.7 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5546.00 m Freezing level: 688.00 mb = 3244.45 m = 10644.41 ft Wetbulb zero: 721.99 mb = 2856.99 m = 9373.23 ft Precipitable water: 0.99 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 83.01 % Est. max temperature: 19.57 C = 67.22 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 950.83 mb = 595.59 m = 1954.03 ft T: 12.96 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.31 C/km ThetaE index: 1.35 C Layer 704.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 809.50 mb = 1928.27 m = 6326.25 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.76 g/kg Conv temperature: 21.88 C = 71.38 F Cap Strength: 6.91 C Lifted Index: 7.42 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.23 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 5.53 C Showalter Index: 4.61 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 44.20 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 22.10 C Cross Totals Index: 22.10 C K Index: 22.50 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 138.80 Risk: None Energy Index: 1.02 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 29.91 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.73 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 59264.62 J/kg Cap Strength: 6.79 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 882.11 mb = 1222.78 m = 4011.69 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 111 at 12 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 25 5 -2.1 -4.5 | 314 13 9.2 -8.8 1 949 610 95 21 -20.9 1.8 | 76 10 -9.6 -2.5 2 925 827 85 16 -15.9 -1.4 | 39 7 -4.6 -5.7 3 915 914 85 16 -15.9 -1.4 | 39 7 -4.6 -5.7 4 882 1219 95 21 -20.9 1.8 | 76 10 -9.6 -2.5 5 851 1524 100 19 -18.7 3.3 | 82 7 -7.4 -1.0 6 850 1529 110 17 -16.0 5.8 | 108 5 -4.6 1.5 7 819 1829 125 11 -9.0 6.3 | 229 3 2.3 2.0 8 789 2134 100 11 -10.8 1.9 | 348 2 0.5 -2.4 9 760 2438 95 13 -13.0 1.1 | 27 4 -1.6 -3.2 10 732 2743 80 14 -13.8 -2.4 | 20 7 -2.4 -6.7 11 705 3048 80 13 -12.8 -2.3 | 12 7 -1.4 -6.5 12 700 3106 80 13 -12.8 -2.3 | 12 7 -1.4 -6.5 13 678 3353 105 15 -14.5 3.9 | 83 3 -3.1 -0.4 14 652 3658 95 19 -18.9 1.7 | 71 8 -7.6 -2.6 15 627 3962 100 16 -15.8 2.8 | 71 5 -4.4 -1.5 16 603 4267 70 14 -13.2 -4.8 | 11 9 -1.8 -9.1 17 557 4877 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 342 4 1.4 -4.3 18 536 5182 60 17 -14.7 -8.5 | 15 13 -3.4 -12.8 19 500 5720 50 28 -21.4 -18.0 | 24 24 -10.1 -22.3 20 495 5791 50 32 -24.5 -20.6 | 28 28 -13.2 -24.9 21 476 6096 45 19 -13.4 -13.4 | 7 18 -2.1 -17.7 22 422 7010 15 20 -5.2 -19.3 | 345 24 6.2 -23.6 23 400 7410 15 30 -7.8 -29.0 | 354 33 3.6 -33.3 24 389 7620 15 32 -8.3 -30.9 | 355 35 3.1 -35.2 25 342 8534 360 58 -0.0 -58.0 | 350 63 11.4 -62.3 26 315 9144 5 55 -4.8 -54.8 | 354 59 6.6 -59.1 27 302 9449 360 64 -0.0 -64.0 | 351 69 11.4 -68.3 28 300 9490 360 63 -0.0 -63.0 | 350 68 11.4 -67.3 29 265 10363 345 54 14.0 -52.2 | 336 62 25.3 -56.4 30 250 10760 350 72 12.5 -70.9 | 342 79 23.9 -75.2 31 243 10953 350 75 13.0 -73.9 | 343 82 24.4 -78.1 32 231 11278 350 75 13.0 -73.9 | 343 82 24.4 -78.1 33 221 11582 360 72 -0.0 -72.0 | 352 77 11.4 -76.3 34 202 12192 345 74 19.2 -71.5 | 338 82 30.5 -75.8 35 200 12250 345 72 18.6 -69.5 | 338 80 30.0 -73.8 36 159 13716 5 64 -5.6 -63.8 | 355 68 5.8 -68.0 37 150 14080 350 58 10.1 -57.1 | 341 65 21.4 -61.4 38 144 14326 355 60 5.2 -59.8 | 345 66 16.6 -64.1 39 137 14630 360 42 -0.0 -42.0 | 346 48 11.4 -46.3 40 131 14935 350 31 5.4 -30.5 | 334 39 16.7 -34.8 41 124 15240 340 30 10.3 -28.2 | 326 39 21.6 -32.5 42 118 15545 335 33 13.9 -29.9 | 324 43 25.3 -34.2 43 107 16154 340 32 10.9 -30.1 | 327 41 22.3 -34.4 44 102 16459 20 24 -8.2 -22.6 | 353 27 3.1 -26.8 45 100 16570 45 7 -4.9 -4.9 | 325 11 6.4 -9.2 46 97 16764 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 342 11 3.2 -10.0 47 95 16880 340 12 4.1 -11.3 | 315 22 15.5 -15.6 48 88 17374 325 20 11.5 -16.4 | 312 31 22.8 -20.7 49 83 17678 345 4 1.0 -3.9 | 303 15 12.4 -8.2 50 79 17983 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 298 26 22.8 -12.3 51 75 18288 330 12 6.0 -10.4 | 310 23 17.4 -14.7 52 70 18720 15 4 -1.0 -3.9 | 308 13 10.3 -8.2 53 61 19507 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 295 22 20.0 -9.3 54 58 19812 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 299 22 19.0 -10.7 55 55 20117 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 277 21 21.2 -2.6 56 53 20422 325 12 6.9 -9.8 | 308 23 18.2 -14.1 57 50 20740 350 17 3.0 -16.7 | 326 25 14.3 -21.0 58 48 21031 350 17 3.0 -16.7 | 326 25 14.3 -21.0 59 45 21336 50 12 -9.2 -7.7 | 350 12 2.2 -12.0 60 43 21641 345 2 0.5 -1.9 | 298 13 11.9 -6.2 61 39 22250 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 332 15 7.1 -13.4 62 37 22555 60 16 -13.9 -8.0 | 12 13 -2.5 -12.3 63 35 22860 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 294 2 2.0 -0.9 64 34 23165 125 4 -3.3 2.3 | 284 8 8.1 -2.0 65 31 23774 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 255 17 16.4 4.4 66 30 23880 290 11 10.3 -3.8 | 290 23 21.7 -8.0 67 29 24079 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 281 22 21.4 -4.3 68 28 24384 310 11 8.4 -7.1 | 300 23 19.8 -11.4 69 24 25298 315 11 7.8 -7.8 | 302 23 19.1 -12.1 70 23 25603 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 261 19 18.4 2.8 71 22 25908 240 12 10.4 6.0 | 265 22 21.7 1.7 72 21 26213 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 298 26 22.8 -12.3 73 20 26470 280 15 14.8 -2.6 | 285 27 26.1 -6.9 74 20 26518 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 279 28 27.4 -4.3 75 19 26822 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 293 27 24.9 -10.6 76 18 27127 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 273 27 27.1 -1.5 77 17 27432 260 14 13.8 2.4 | 274 25 25.1 -1.9 78 16 27737 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 280 38 37.3 -6.6 79 16 28042 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 282 29 28.3 -5.8 80 15 28346 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 290 34 32.0 -11.8 81 14 28956 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 288 24 22.9 -7.4 82 12 29566 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 287 34 32.6 -10.0 83 11 30175 300 39 33.8 -19.5 | 298 51 45.1 -23.8 84 10 30970 230 27 20.7 17.4 | 248 35 32.0 13.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 80.7 at 16.2 knts Storm direction: 110.7 at 12.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.8 neg: 1.5 tot: 4.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 78.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 87.5 neg: -13.7 tot: 73.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 24.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.62 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.6 stream: 6.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 42.82 Bulk Shear: 0.70 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 86 14 30 6| 17.6 0.0 17.6| 60.7 -5.7 55.0 110.1 0.78| 26.4 20.7 1000 88 16 44 7| 10.2 0.0 10.2| 72.3 -11.4 60.9 60.9 0.65| 17.8 11.6 1500 93 17 59 6| 5.0 0.0 5.0| 80.8 -11.4 69.4 46.2 0.66| 15.6 10.3 2000 97 15 58 5| 3.7 1.2 5.0| 83.9 -11.4 72.5 36.2 0.69| 13.7 9.4 2500 96 15 52 4| 3.0 1.8 4.8| 84.8 -12.1 72.7 29.1 0.64| 12.0 7.7 3000 94 15 44 5| 2.8 1.5 4.3| 87.5 -13.7 73.8 24.6 0.62| 10.6 6.6 4000 94 15 50 5| 2.6 1.8 4.5| 90.8 -24.4 66.4 16.6 0.45| 10.1 4.5 5000 91 15 39 5| 2.2 2.3 4.4| 96.6 -30.5 66.1 13.2 0.37| 9.7 3.6 6000 81 16 34 8| 1.8 2.4 4.2|114.9 -80.2 34.7 5.8 0.24| 10.4 2.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251013.12.gif