UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101300.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 13 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 13 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 161 60 8 SFC 993 215 16.4 10.4 68 6.0 12.9 60 8 290.1 291.5 286.3 312.8 7.99 2 962 487 14.2 9.7 74 4.5 11.6 74 19 290.6 291.9 286.4 312.9 7.87 3 930 775 13.0 5.0 58 8.0 8.7 88 22 292.2 293.2 285.0 309.1 5.88 4 925 821 12.6 5.6 62 7.0 8.8 90 22 292.2 293.3 285.3 310.0 6.17 5 920 866 12.2 5.2 62 7.0 8.4 90 22 292.2 293.3 285.2 309.6 6.03 6 913 930 12.0 3.0 54 9.0 7.3 89 22 292.7 293.6 284.5 307.8 5.20 7 892 1125 10.2 4.2 66 6.0 7.1 76 20 292.8 293.8 285.1 309.5 5.80 8 878 1256 9.8 0.8 53 9.0 5.4 69 19 293.7 294.5 284.2 307.2 4.62 9 850 1524 7.4 0.4 61 7.0 4.0 65 19 293.9 294.7 284.4 307.5 4.63 10 828 1739 5.4 0.4 70 5.0 2.9 67 18 294.0 294.9 284.5 307.9 4.76 11 825 1769 5.4 -1.6 61 7.0 2.1 68 17 294.3 295.0 284.0 306.4 4.12 12 810 1919 4.4 -6.6 45 11.0 -0.2 66 14 294.8 295.3 282.8 303.4 2.88 13 772 2308 1.4 -0.9 85 2.3 0.3 110 5 295.6 296.5 285.1 309.3 4.64 14 756 2477 0.6 -5.4 64 6.0 -1.9 144 3 296.5 297.2 284.1 306.7 3.38 15 748 2562 0.2 -1.9 86 2.1 -0.8 116 5 297.0 297.8 285.4 310.2 4.45 16 738 2670 -0.3 -5.3 69 5.0 -2.4 80 7 297.6 298.3 284.6 308.1 3.49 17 733 2724 -0.5 -9.5 51 9.0 -4.0 62 8 298.0 298.4 283.7 305.7 2.54 18 732 2735 -0.5 -9.5 51 9.0 -4.0 59 9 298.1 298.6 283.7 305.8 2.54 19 729 2768 -0.5 -16.5 29 16.0 -5.7 56 9 298.4 298.7 282.6 303.0 1.44 20 719 2879 -1.1 -18.1 26 17.0 -6.3 63 12 299.0 299.2 282.6 303.0 1.28 21 712 2957 -1.3 -12.3 43 11.0 -5.3 67 14 299.6 300.0 283.8 306.1 2.09 22 709 2990 -1.3 -12.3 43 11.0 -5.3 69 15 299.9 300.3 284.0 306.5 2.10 23 708 3002 -1.1 -13.1 40 12.0 -5.3 70 15 300.3 300.6 284.0 306.4 1.97 24 707 3013 0.4 -19.6 21 20.0 -5.8 70 15 302.1 302.3 283.7 305.8 1.14 25 706 3024 0.8 -20.2 19 21.0 -5.6 71 15 302.6 302.8 283.8 306.2 1.09 26 700 3093 1.6 -23.4 14 25.0 -5.6 75 17 304.3 304.4 284.2 307.0 0.83 27 693 3174 2.0 -25.0 11 27.0 -5.6 78 17 305.6 305.7 284.5 308.0 0.72 28 683 3291 1.0 -21.0 18 22.0 -5.8 82 16 305.7 305.9 285.0 309.2 1.05 29 678 3350 0.6 -23.4 15 24.0 -6.3 85 16 305.9 306.1 284.8 308.8 0.85 30 627 3972 -4.3 -27.3 15 23.0 -10.0 70 18 307.2 307.4 285.1 309.4 0.65 31 621 4048 -4.7 -30.7 11 26.0 -10.6 64 19 307.6 307.7 285.1 309.3 0.48 32 617 4099 -4.7 -40.7 4 36.0 -11.2 60 20 308.2 308.2 284.9 308.8 0.18 33 613 4150 -4.1 -36.1 6 32.0 -10.6 56 21 309.5 309.5 285.5 310.5 0.29 34 570 4719 -8.5 -33.5 11 25.0 -13.6 38 29 310.8 310.9 286.1 312.2 0.40 35 556 4912 -9.1 -35.1 10 26.0 -14.2 33 31 312.3 312.4 286.6 313.6 0.35 36 548 5024 -8.7 -37.7 8 29.0 -14.2 23 33 314.1 314.1 287.1 315.1 0.27 37 543 5096 -5.7 -44.7 3 39.0 -12.5 17 35 318.5 318.5 288.4 319.0 0.13 38 540 5139 -5.1 -45.1 3 40.0 -12.2 14 35 319.7 319.7 288.8 320.2 0.13 39 532 5256 -5.1 -45.1 3 40.0 -12.2 8 35 321.1 321.1 289.2 321.6 0.13 40 500 5740 -9.5 -43.5 4 34.0 -15.3 350 28 321.5 321.5 289.4 322.1 0.16 41 438 6741 -18.7 -48.7 5 30.0 -22.3 340 29 322.2 322.2 289.6 322.6 0.10 42 400 7410 -23.1 -54.1 4 31.0 -26.0 340 31 325.0 325.0 290.3 325.2 0.06 43 383 7726 -25.5 -56.5 4 31.0 -28.0 342 30 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.1 0.05 44 343 8517 -29.5 -62.5 3 33.0 -31.6 348 28 330.9 330.9 292.0 331.0 0.02 45 300 9460 -34.7 -64.7 3 30.0 -36.2 335 20 336.5 336.5 293.4 336.6 0.02 46 295 9577 -35.1 -66.1 3 31.0 -36.5 333 20 337.5 337.5 293.7 337.6 0.02 47 257 10524 -42.5 -69.5 4 27.0 -43.3 329 25 340.2 340.2 294.4 340.2 0.01 48 250 10710 -43.5 -70.5 4 27.0 -44.3 315 25 341.4 341.4 294.7 341.4 0.01 49 228 11328 -47.7 -71.7 5 24.0 -48.2 318 25 344.1 344.1 295.3 344.1 0.01 50 202 12125 -51.7 -74.7 5 23.0 -52.1 344 25 349.9 349.9 296.6 349.9 0.01 51 200 12190 -51.5 -75.5 4 24.0 -51.9 345 26 351.2 351.2 296.9 351.2 0.01 52 193 12420 -53.1 -76.1 4 23.0 -53.4 349 27 352.3 352.3 297.1 352.3 0.01 53 181 12832 -53.7 -77.7 4 24.0 -54.1 3 21 357.8 357.8 298.2 357.8 0.01 54 180 12868 -53.9 -77.9 4 24.0 -54.2 1 20 358.0 358.0 298.3 358.1 0.01 55 163 13501 -55.3 -81.3 3 26.0 -55.6 334 20 366.0 366.0 299.8 366.0 0.00 56 160 13620 -54.5 -81.5 2 27.0 -54.9 331 22 369.3 369.3 300.4 369.3 0.00 57 150 14030 -56.7 -81.7 3 25.0 -57.0 320 29 372.4 372.4 301.0 372.4 0.00 58 142 14376 -58.9 -82.9 3 24.0 -59.2 322 30 374.4 374.4 301.4 374.4 0.00 59 139 14510 -59.1 -83.1 3 24.0 -59.3 326 29 376.4 376.4 301.6 376.4 0.00 60 120 15424 -62.7 -84.7 4 22.0 -62.9 320 21 385.9 385.9 303.2 385.9 0.00 61 100 16550 -62.1 -86.1 3 24.0 -62.3 345 12 407.7 407.7 306.2 407.8 0.00 62 70 18720 -68.9 -88.9 4 20.0 -69.0 10 14 437.0 437.0 309.6 437.0 0.00 63 69 18806 -69.1 -89.1 4 20.0 -69.2 10 14 438.4 438.4 309.7 438.4 0.00 64 65 19164 -67.3 -89.3 3 22.0 -67.5 6 13 449.8 449.8 310.8 449.8 0.00 65 59 19743 -69.7 -90.7 3 21.0 -69.8 50 13 457.1 457.1 311.5 457.1 0.00 66 57 19949 -67.5 -89.5 3 22.0 -67.7 9 17 466.6 466.6 312.4 466.6 0.00 67 52 20503 -66.3 -89.3 3 23.0 -66.5 315 15 481.8 481.8 313.6 481.8 0.00 68 51 20620 -67.3 -90.3 2 23.0 -67.5 315 13 482.2 482.2 313.6 482.2 0.00 69 50 20740 -65.9 -89.9 2 24.0 -66.2 345 6 488.2 488.2 314.1 488.2 0.00 70 49 20863 -65.9 -89.9 2 24.0 -66.2 347 9 491.0 491.0 314.3 491.0 0.00 71 47 21115 -66.9 -90.9 2 24.0 -67.1 336 13 494.5 494.5 314.5 494.5 0.00 72 46 21246 -64.3 -90.3 2 26.0 -64.7 317 12 503.8 503.8 315.2 503.8 0.00 73 43 21661 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.8 338 13 518.6 518.6 316.2 518.6 0.00 74 42 21806 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -64.0 352 13 519.1 519.1 316.2 519.1 0.00 75 37 22586 -62.9 -89.9 1 27.0 -63.4 213 10 539.8 539.8 317.5 539.8 0.00 76 36 22756 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.6 241 10 549.2 549.2 318.1 549.2 0.00 77 34 23111 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.8 286 12 557.7 557.7 318.5 557.8 0.00 78 30 23900 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.7 355 16 594.4 594.4 320.3 594.5 0.01 79 28 24340 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -58.3 349 12 601.3 601.3 320.7 601.3 0.01 80 27 24572 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.3 328 8 614.3 614.3 321.2 614.4 0.01 81 26 24814 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.9 301 6 619.3 619.3 321.5 619.3 0.01 82 25 25065 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -55.8 272 5 630.3 630.3 321.9 630.3 0.01 83 23 25600 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.5 265 11 639.6 639.6 322.3 639.7 0.01 84 21 26179 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.5 261 20 653.4 653.4 322.8 653.5 0.01 85 20 26490 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -57.1 270 19 668.1 668.1 323.3 668.2 0.01 86 18 27167 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -55.6 277 19 695.5 695.5 324.3 695.6 0.01 87 17 27536 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -55.5 276 24 708.3 708.3 324.7 708.4 0.02 88 13 29282 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -54.5 284 24 773.7 773.7 326.6 774.0 0.03 89 13 29282 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.2 284 24 775.1 775.1 326.6 775.4 0.03 90 12 29803 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -56.4 278 22 782.4 782.5 326.8 782.6 0.02 91 11 30368 -51.1 -84.1 1 33.0 -55.9 262 18 806.5 806.5 327.4 806.8 0.03 TRP 120 15424 -62.7 -84.7 4 22.0 -62.9 320 21 385.9 385.9 303.2 385.9 0.00 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5579.00 m Freezing level: 744.00 mb = 2605.18 m = 8547.08 ft Freezing level: 707.27 mb = 3009.89 m = 9874.84 ft Freezing level: 671.76 mb = 3426.31 m = 11241.05 ft Wetbulb zero: 811.02 mb = 1908.37 m = 6260.99 ft Precipitable water: 0.60 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 35.25 % Est. max temperature: 20.19 C = 68.34 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 907.82 mb = 977.86 m = 3208.18 ft T: 11.56 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.19 C/km ThetaE index: 4.51 C Layer 825.0- 772.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 820.55 mb = 1813.09 m = 5948.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.73 g/kg Conv temperature: 20.70 C = 69.27 F Cap Strength: 13.16 C Lifted Index: 12.34 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 18.48 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 5.33 C Showalter Index: 14.45 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 26.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.90 C Cross Totals Index: 9.90 C K Index: -7.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 70.80 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.10 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 12.11 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.92 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 50681.58 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.02 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 856.59 mb = 1460.17 m = 4790.51 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 74 at 15 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 993 215 60 8 -6.9 -4.0 | 269 8 7.7 0.2 1 948 610 80 24 -23.6 -4.2 | 90 9 -9.0 -0.0 2 925 821 90 22 -22.0 0.0 | 119 8 -7.4 4.2 3 915 914 90 22 -22.0 0.0 | 119 8 -7.4 4.2 4 882 1219 70 19 -17.9 -6.5 | 54 4 -3.3 -2.3 5 850 1524 65 19 -17.2 -8.0 | 34 5 -2.6 -3.9 6 850 1524 60 19 -16.5 -9.5 | 19 6 -1.9 -5.3 7 819 1829 70 17 -16.0 -5.8 | 40 2 -1.4 -1.7 8 788 2134 55 8 -6.6 -4.6 | 273 8 8.0 -0.4 9 759 2438 155 2 -0.8 1.8 | 247 15 13.7 6.0 10 731 2743 55 9 -7.4 -5.2 | 278 7 7.2 -1.0 11 700 3093 75 17 -16.4 -4.4 | 82 2 -1.8 -0.2 12 677 3353 85 16 -15.9 -1.4 | 154 3 -1.3 2.8 13 652 3658 85 16 -15.9 -1.4 | 154 3 -1.3 2.8 14 627 3962 70 18 -16.9 -6.2 | 49 3 -2.3 -2.0 15 603 4267 45 24 -17.0 -17.0 | 11 13 -2.4 -12.8 16 558 4877 35 31 -17.8 -25.4 | 9 21 -3.2 -21.2 17 537 5182 10 36 -6.3 -35.5 | 345 32 8.3 -31.3 18 516 5486 360 30 -0.0 -30.0 | 331 30 14.6 -25.8 19 500 5740 350 28 4.9 -27.6 | 320 30 19.5 -23.4 20 477 6096 345 28 7.2 -27.0 | 316 32 21.8 -22.9 21 439 6706 340 29 9.9 -27.3 | 313 34 24.5 -23.1 22 400 7410 340 31 10.6 -29.1 | 315 35 25.2 -25.0 23 388 7620 340 31 10.6 -29.1 | 315 35 25.2 -25.0 24 357 8230 355 26 2.3 -25.9 | 322 28 16.9 -21.7 25 327 8839 340 31 10.6 -29.1 | 315 35 25.2 -25.0 26 314 9144 345 28 7.2 -27.0 | 316 32 21.8 -22.9 27 300 9449 340 18 6.2 -16.9 | 302 24 20.8 -12.8 28 300 9460 335 20 8.5 -18.1 | 301 27 23.0 -14.0 29 275 10058 325 21 12.0 -17.2 | 296 30 26.6 -13.0 30 252 10668 330 26 13.0 -22.5 | 304 33 27.6 -18.4 31 250 10710 315 25 17.7 -17.7 | 293 35 32.3 -13.5 32 240 10973 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 287 37 35.9 -10.8 33 209 11887 340 23 7.9 -21.6 | 308 28 22.5 -17.5 34 200 12190 345 26 6.7 -25.1 | 315 30 21.3 -21.0 35 191 12497 350 28 4.9 -27.6 | 320 30 19.5 -23.4 36 182 12802 5 22 -1.9 -21.9 | 324 22 12.7 -17.8 37 173 13106 345 13 3.4 -12.6 | 295 20 18.0 -8.4 38 150 14030 320 29 18.6 -22.2 | 299 38 33.2 -18.1 39 143 14326 320 30 19.3 -23.0 | 299 39 33.9 -18.8 40 130 14935 340 27 9.2 -25.4 | 312 32 23.8 -21.2 41 124 15240 345 21 5.4 -20.3 | 309 26 20.0 -16.1 42 120 15424 320 21 13.5 -16.1 | 293 31 28.1 -11.9 43 118 15545 320 22 14.1 -16.9 | 294 31 28.7 -12.7 44 107 16154 330 32 16.0 -27.7 | 308 39 30.6 -23.6 45 101 16459 340 32 10.9 -30.1 | 315 36 25.5 -25.9 46 100 16550 345 12 3.1 -11.6 | 293 19 17.7 -7.4 47 97 16764 345 12 3.1 -11.6 | 293 19 17.7 -7.4 48 92 17069 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 288 26 24.9 -8.1 49 87 17374 335 22 9.3 -19.9 | 303 29 23.9 -15.8 50 79 17983 10 14 -2.4 -13.8 | 308 16 12.2 -9.6 51 75 18288 350 15 2.6 -14.8 | 302 20 17.2 -10.6 52 71 18593 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 286 19 18.0 -5.2 53 70 18720 10 14 -2.4 -13.8 | 308 16 12.2 -9.6 54 68 18898 10 13 -2.3 -12.8 | 305 15 12.3 -8.6 55 65 19202 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 303 16 13.5 -8.8 56 58 19812 55 13 -10.6 -7.5 | 310 5 3.9 -3.3 57 55 20117 315 22 15.6 -15.6 | 291 32 30.2 -11.4 58 50 20726 315 11 7.8 -7.8 | 279 23 22.4 -3.6 59 50 20740 345 6 1.6 -5.8 | 276 16 16.1 -1.6 60 48 21031 350 13 2.3 -12.8 | 297 19 16.9 -8.6 61 45 21336 305 12 9.8 -6.9 | 276 25 24.4 -2.7 62 41 21946 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 303 16 13.5 -8.8 63 39 22250 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 295 12 11.2 -5.2 64 37 22555 205 10 4.2 9.1 | 235 23 18.8 13.2 65 35 22860 255 10 9.7 2.6 | 254 25 24.3 6.7 66 32 23470 325 14 8.0 -11.5 | 288 24 22.6 -7.3 67 31 23774 300 9 7.8 -4.5 | 271 22 22.4 -0.3 68 30 23900 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 306 20 16.0 -11.8 69 29 24079 345 22 5.7 -21.3 | 310 27 20.3 -17.1 70 28 24384 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 289 17 16.3 -5.7 71 25 24994 280 4 3.9 -0.7 | 259 19 18.5 3.5 72 24 25298 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 250 25 23.7 8.4 73 23 25603 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 259 26 25.6 5.1 74 22 25908 265 14 13.9 1.2 | 259 29 28.5 5.4 75 21 26213 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 258 36 35.3 7.8 76 20 26490 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 263 34 33.6 4.2 77 20 26518 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 264 25 24.4 2.4 78 17 27127 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 267 41 40.5 1.9 79 15 27432 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 266 37 36.5 2.2 80 13 28042 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 273 38 37.8 -2.1 81 12 28346 275 21 20.9 -1.8 | 266 36 35.5 2.3 82 11 28651 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 255 32 31.0 8.6 83 9 29261 295 24 21.8 -10.1 | 279 37 36.3 -6.0 84 7 29870 240 20 17.3 10.0 | 246 35 31.9 14.2 85 7 30175 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 255 33 32.0 8.8 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 44.1 at 20.2 knts Storm direction: 74.1 at 15.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.0 neg: 1.6 tot: 4.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): -143.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 35.4 neg: -32.9 tot: 2.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 0.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.10 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.2 stream: 1.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.75 Bulk Shear: 16.14 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 77 18 95 3| 16.6 0.0 16.6| 12.4 0.0 12.4 24.8 0.62| 21.0 13.1 1000 81 19 104 5| 8.3 3.4 11.7| 17.3 -9.0 8.3 8.3 0.29| 15.6 4.5 1500 76 19 83 4| 5.5 2.9 8.4| 17.7 -11.9 5.8 3.9 0.20| 11.7 2.3 2000 74 18 74 2| 2.6 2.2 4.8| 18.1 -24.8 -6.7 -3.4 -0.06| 12.5 -0.8 2500 74 15 250 0| 2.1 2.0 4.1| 29.7 -32.9 -3.2 -1.3 -0.01| 13.4 -0.2 3000 73 15 276 0| 3.0 1.6 4.6| 35.4 -32.9 2.6 0.9 0.10| 13.2 1.3 4000 74 15 51 0| 2.3 2.7 5.0| 36.2 -42.2 -6.0 -1.5 0.00| 11.9 0.1 5000 60 18 15 5| 1.8 4.5 6.3| 36.3-133.1 -96.8 -19.4 -0.11| 12.2 -1.3 6000 44 20 357 10| 1.5 3.8 5.3| 36.3-253.2-217.0 -36.2 -0.21| 11.5 -2.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251013.00.gif