UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101212.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 12 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 12 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 165 65 3 SFC 994 215 10.6 9.4 92 1.2 9.9 65 3 284.2 285.5 283.4 304.9 7.46 2 979 342 12.6 10.0 84 2.6 11.1 81 5 287.5 288.9 285.2 309.6 7.89 3 925 816 8.8 8.8 100 0.0 8.8 120 10 288.3 289.7 285.3 310.0 7.70 4 918 879 8.6 8.6 100 0.0 8.6 139 14 288.7 290.1 285.4 310.3 7.65 5 913 924 9.4 8.1 92 1.3 8.7 150 16 290.0 291.3 285.7 311.1 7.44 6 909 961 11.4 7.6 77 3.8 9.3 150 17 292.4 293.7 286.4 313.1 7.22 7 906 989 11.6 7.5 76 4.1 9.3 150 17 292.9 294.2 286.6 313.6 7.19 8 901 1035 11.6 6.6 71 5.0 8.8 150 18 293.4 294.6 286.4 313.0 6.79 9 883 1204 10.6 3.6 62 7.0 6.9 150 20 294.0 295.0 285.4 310.4 5.61 10 868 1346 9.2 4.2 71 5.0 6.5 152 17 294.0 295.1 285.8 311.3 5.96 11 858 1442 8.8 1.8 61 7.0 5.2 154 15 294.6 295.5 285.1 309.4 5.08 12 850 1520 8.2 1.2 61 7.0 4.7 155 13 294.7 295.6 285.0 309.1 4.91 13 829 1726 6.2 1.2 70 5.0 3.7 145 12 294.7 295.6 285.1 309.5 5.03 14 818 1835 5.6 0.6 70 5.0 3.1 140 12 295.2 296.1 285.2 309.6 4.89 15 813 1885 5.6 -2.4 56 8.0 1.9 138 14 295.8 296.5 284.4 307.4 3.94 16 805 1966 5.2 -3.8 52 9.0 1.2 136 16 296.2 296.8 284.1 306.9 3.58 17 802 1997 5.4 -3.6 52 9.0 1.3 135 17 296.7 297.4 284.4 307.6 3.65 18 793 2089 5.2 -5.8 45 11.0 0.5 132 20 297.4 298.0 284.1 306.9 3.12 19 782 2203 4.6 -6.4 45 11.0 -0.1 130 23 298.0 298.5 284.2 307.2 3.03 20 774 2286 4.2 -10.8 33 15.0 -1.6 130 25 298.4 298.8 283.4 305.1 2.16 21 766 2371 3.4 -5.6 52 9.0 -0.5 130 27 298.5 299.1 284.7 308.4 3.28 22 763 2403 3.0 -1.5 72 4.5 0.9 130 27 298.4 299.2 285.9 311.8 4.49 23 760 2435 2.8 -1.2 75 4.0 0.9 130 28 298.5 299.3 286.1 312.2 4.61 24 759 2445 2.8 -1.8 72 4.6 0.6 130 28 298.6 299.4 285.9 311.8 4.42 25 758 2456 3.0 -6.0 52 9.0 -0.9 130 28 298.9 299.5 284.8 308.7 3.22 26 756 2477 2.8 -7.2 48 10.0 -1.4 131 28 298.9 299.5 284.5 307.9 2.94 27 755 2488 2.8 -12.2 32 15.0 -2.7 131 27 299.0 299.4 283.5 305.2 1.98 28 753 2509 2.8 -12.2 32 15.0 -2.7 132 27 299.3 299.6 283.6 305.4 1.99 29 751 2531 2.8 -18.2 20 21.0 -3.9 133 27 299.5 299.7 282.7 303.4 1.21 30 747 2574 2.4 -19.6 18 22.0 -4.4 134 26 299.5 299.7 282.6 303.0 1.08 31 733 2727 1.6 -21.4 16 23.0 -5.2 139 24 300.3 300.4 282.7 303.3 0.94 32 730 2760 1.2 -13.8 32 15.0 -4.1 140 24 300.2 300.5 283.7 305.8 1.80 33 722 2848 0.4 -10.6 43 11.0 -3.8 142 22 300.3 300.7 284.4 307.6 2.36 34 720 2871 0.2 -7.8 55 8.0 -3.1 142 21 300.3 300.8 285.1 309.3 2.95 35 716 2915 0.0 -10.0 47 10.0 -3.8 143 20 300.5 301.0 284.7 308.2 2.49 36 713 2949 -0.3 -7.3 59 7.0 -3.2 143 19 300.6 301.1 285.3 310.0 3.10 37 710 2983 -0.7 -6.7 64 6.0 -3.2 144 19 300.5 301.1 285.5 310.4 3.26 38 706 3028 -1.1 -9.1 55 8.0 -4.3 145 17 300.5 301.0 284.9 308.9 2.72 39 704 3050 -0.9 -12.9 40 12.0 -5.2 145 17 301.0 301.4 284.3 307.3 2.01 40 703 3062 -0.9 -10.9 47 10.0 -4.7 142 18 301.1 301.6 284.7 308.5 2.37 41 700 3096 -0.9 -14.9 34 14.0 -5.7 135 19 301.5 301.8 284.1 306.9 1.72 42 699 3107 -0.9 -19.9 22 19.0 -6.6 135 19 301.6 301.8 283.5 305.2 1.13 43 695 3153 -1.1 -23.1 17 22.0 -7.2 136 19 301.9 302.0 283.2 304.7 0.86 44 690 3211 -1.3 -31.3 8 30.0 -8.1 137 19 302.3 302.4 282.8 303.7 0.41 45 688 3234 -1.5 -33.5 7 32.0 -8.4 138 20 302.3 302.4 282.8 303.4 0.33 46 684 3281 -1.7 -28.7 11 27.0 -8.2 139 20 302.6 302.7 283.1 304.4 0.52 47 680 3327 -2.1 -18.1 28 16.0 -7.1 139 20 302.7 302.9 284.2 307.0 1.35 48 650 3684 -5.1 -24.1 21 19.0 -10.1 115 23 303.2 303.4 283.8 305.9 0.84 49 638 3830 -6.3 -20.3 32 14.0 -10.3 111 25 303.5 303.7 284.3 307.3 1.19 50 634 3880 -6.9 -18.9 38 12.0 -10.4 110 25 303.3 303.6 284.4 307.7 1.35 51 633 3892 -6.9 -15.9 49 9.0 -9.8 109 26 303.5 303.8 284.9 309.0 1.75 52 632 3904 -6.9 -11.6 69 4.7 -8.6 109 26 303.6 304.0 285.8 311.4 2.49 53 628 3954 -7.3 -9.4 85 2.1 -8.1 108 26 303.7 304.2 286.4 312.9 2.98 54 500 5730 -7.9 -45.9 3 38.0 -14.3 10 30 323.4 323.4 289.9 323.9 0.13 55 400 7410 -23.3 -50.3 7 27.0 -26.1 340 30 324.7 324.7 290.3 325.1 0.10 56 300 9440 -40.3 -60.3 10 20.0 -41.1 305 19 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.04 57 250 10680 -44.9 -68.9 5 24.0 -45.6 260 27 339.3 339.3 294.1 339.4 0.01 58 200 12140 -53.3 -73.3 7 20.0 -53.6 265 27 348.4 348.4 296.3 348.4 0.01 59 150 13960 -59.3 -83.3 3 24.0 -59.5 285 23 367.9 367.9 300.2 367.9 0.00 60 132 14760 -61.9 -84.9 3 23.0 -62.1 270 22 377.0 377.0 301.8 377.0 0.00 61 100 16480 -63.3 -86.3 3 23.0 -63.5 310 14 405.4 405.4 305.9 405.4 0.00 62 87 17335 -65.1 -88.1 3 23.0 -65.3 318 16 418.3 418.3 307.5 418.3 0.00 63 80 17848 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 329 13 429.7 429.7 308.8 429.7 0.00 64 72 18489 -67.3 -89.3 3 22.0 -67.5 311 12 436.9 436.9 309.6 436.9 0.00 65 71 18574 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 294 13 441.6 441.6 310.0 441.6 0.00 66 70 18660 -65.9 -88.9 3 23.0 -66.1 305 22 443.4 443.4 310.2 443.4 0.00 67 64 19201 -65.7 -89.7 2 24.0 -65.9 310 25 455.4 455.4 311.4 455.4 0.00 68 57 19899 -67.3 -90.3 2 23.0 -67.5 304 14 467.1 467.1 312.4 467.1 0.00 69 53 20338 -65.7 -89.7 2 24.0 -66.0 348 14 480.6 480.6 313.5 480.6 0.00 70 50 20690 -66.3 -90.3 2 24.0 -66.5 330 18 487.2 487.2 314.0 487.3 0.00 71 48 20941 -60.9 -89.9 1 29.0 -61.4 329 16 505.8 505.8 315.4 505.9 0.00 72 46 21206 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.1 2 13 513.0 513.0 315.8 513.0 0.00 73 42 21771 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.4 311 6 523.1 523.1 316.5 523.1 0.00 74 39 22233 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.1 280 22 540.8 540.8 317.6 540.9 0.00 75 36 22733 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.4 316 15 549.7 549.7 318.1 549.8 0.00 76 33 23278 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.8 311 20 571.5 571.5 319.2 571.6 0.01 77 30 23880 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.0 280 6 586.8 586.8 320.0 586.8 0.01 78 28 24316 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.1 300 11 601.8 601.8 320.7 601.9 0.01 79 26 24783 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -59.4 351 1 610.7 610.7 321.1 610.8 0.01 80 25 25030 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -59.1 329 3 618.8 618.8 321.5 618.8 0.01 81 25 25030 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.6 329 3 623.9 624.0 321.6 624.0 0.01 82 23 25558 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -59.2 281 7 633.7 633.7 322.0 633.8 0.01 83 23 25558 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.4 281 7 640.2 640.2 322.3 640.2 0.01 84 22 25842 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.6 256 9 651.4 651.4 322.7 651.4 0.01 85 21 26138 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -57.5 269 10 657.1 657.1 323.0 657.1 0.01 86 20 26450 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -56.6 230 12 670.0 670.0 323.4 670.0 0.01 87 17 27498 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -55.8 248 26 707.0 707.0 324.7 707.1 0.01 88 16 27890 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -56.3 279 30 717.4 717.4 325.0 717.5 0.01 89 15 28312 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.1 270 22 747.4 747.4 325.8 747.5 0.02 90 14 28768 -46.9 -82.9 1 36.0 -52.5 257 35 767.0 767.0 326.4 767.3 0.03 91 14 28768 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -53.0 257 35 764.3 764.3 326.3 764.5 0.03 92 11 30364 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -53.8 259 26 818.9 818.9 327.7 819.2 0.03 93 11 30364 -45.7 -82.7 1 37.0 -52.7 259 26 826.1 826.1 327.8 826.5 0.04 94 10 31000 -45.5 -82.5 1 37.0 -52.9 240 29 849.7 849.7 328.4 850.1 0.04 95 10 31000 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -52.2 240 29 854.9 855.0 328.5 855.3 0.04 96 7.9 32564 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -55.8 894.6 894.6 329.3 895.0 0.04 97 7.8 32648 -48.7 -84.7 1 36.0 -55.6 899.5 899.5 329.4 899.8 0.04 TRP 132 14760 -61.9 -84.9 3 23.0 -62.1 270 22 377.0 377.0 301.8 377.0 0.00 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5565.00 m Freezing level: 716.00 mb = 2915.39 m = 9564.80 ft Wetbulb zero: 783.83 mb = 2183.65 m = 7164.11 ft Precipitable water: 0.71 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 50.81 % Est. max temperature: 21.08 C = 69.95 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 976.25 mb = 365.88 m = 1200.37 ft T: 12.41 C 700-500 lapse rate: 2.66 C/km ThetaE index: 3.20 C Layer 901.0- 868.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 838.84 mb = 1628.67 m = 5343.34 ft Mean mixing ratio: 7.59 g/kg Conv temperature: 21.08 C = 69.95 F Cap Strength: 3.90 C Lifted Index: 14.35 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 13.35 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.18 C Showalter Index: 14.93 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 25.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.10 C Cross Totals Index: 9.10 C K Index: 3.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 70.40 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.09 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 25.71 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.17 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 50478.33 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.62 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 916.64 mb = 891.30 m = 2924.18 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 125 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 65 3 -2.7 -1.3 | 315 15 10.9 -10.7 1 948 610 115 9 -8.2 3.8 | 316 8 5.4 -5.6 2 925 816 120 10 -8.7 5.0 | 312 7 4.9 -4.4 3 914 914 150 16 -8.0 13.9 | 232 7 5.6 4.4 4 881 1219 150 20 -10.0 17.3 | 204 9 3.6 7.9 5 850 1520 155 13 -5.5 11.8 | 254 8 8.1 2.3 6 818 1829 140 12 -7.7 9.2 | 272 6 5.9 -0.2 7 788 2134 130 22 -16.9 14.1 | 145 6 -3.3 4.7 8 759 2438 130 28 -21.4 18.0 | 137 12 -7.9 8.6 9 731 2743 140 24 -15.4 18.4 | 168 9 -1.8 9.0 10 704 3048 145 17 -9.8 13.9 | 221 6 3.8 4.5 11 700 3096 135 19 -13.4 13.4 | 182 4 0.2 4.0 12 677 3353 140 20 -12.9 15.3 | 187 6 0.7 5.9 13 652 3658 115 23 -20.8 9.7 | 92 7 -7.3 0.3 14 603 4267 100 30 -29.5 5.2 | 75 17 -16.0 -4.2 15 580 4572 90 22 -22.0 0.0 | 42 13 -8.4 -9.4 16 558 4877 60 26 -22.5 -13.0 | 22 24 -8.9 -22.4 17 536 5182 30 34 -17.0 -29.4 | 5 39 -3.4 -38.9 18 500 5730 10 30 -5.2 -29.5 | 348 40 8.4 -39.0 19 476 6096 5 28 -2.4 -27.9 | 343 39 11.1 -37.3 20 400 7410 340 30 10.3 -28.2 | 328 45 23.8 -37.6 21 388 7620 340 30 10.3 -28.2 | 328 45 23.8 -37.6 22 356 8230 330 30 15.0 -26.0 | 321 46 28.6 -35.4 23 341 8534 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 305 43 34.9 -24.3 24 313 9144 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 310 36 27.7 -23.6 25 300 9440 305 19 15.6 -10.9 | 305 36 29.2 -20.3 26 274 10058 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 302 39 32.6 -20.4 27 262 10363 260 29 28.6 5.0 | 276 42 42.1 -4.4 28 250 10680 260 27 26.6 4.7 | 277 40 40.2 -4.7 29 218 11582 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 281 39 38.5 -7.3 30 208 11887 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 290 42 39.2 -13.9 31 200 12140 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 280 41 40.5 -7.1 32 198 12192 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 280 41 40.5 -7.1 33 172 13106 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 292 45 41.6 -16.9 34 164 13411 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 282 45 43.6 -9.4 35 156 13716 300 35 30.3 -17.5 | 302 52 43.9 -26.9 36 150 13960 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 293 39 35.8 -15.4 37 141 14326 290 23 21.6 -7.9 | 296 39 35.2 -17.3 38 132 14760 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 285 37 35.6 -9.4 39 128 14935 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 282 35 34.5 -7.6 40 122 15240 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 292 48 44.5 -17.7 41 111 15850 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 322 38 23.3 -30.3 42 100 16459 305 19 15.6 -10.9 | 305 36 29.2 -20.3 43 100 16480 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 307 31 24.3 -18.4 44 95 16764 290 15 14.1 -5.1 | 298 31 27.7 -14.6 45 86 17374 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 312 32 23.9 -21.7 46 82 17678 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 310 31 24.2 -20.0 47 78 17983 340 12 4.1 -11.3 | 319 27 17.7 -20.7 48 74 18288 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 322 25 15.3 -19.3 49 71 18593 290 13 12.2 -4.4 | 298 29 25.8 -13.9 50 70 18660 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 305 39 31.6 -22.1 51 64 19202 310 25 19.2 -16.1 | 308 42 32.7 -25.5 52 61 19507 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 310 33 25.6 -21.5 53 58 19812 300 13 11.3 -6.5 | 303 30 24.8 -15.9 54 55 20117 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 310 31 24.2 -20.0 55 52 20422 360 13 -0.0 -13.0 | 329 26 13.6 -22.4 56 50 20690 330 18 9.0 -15.6 | 318 34 22.6 -25.0 57 50 20726 325 11 6.3 -9.0 | 313 27 19.9 -18.4 58 47 21031 330 18 9.0 -15.6 | 318 34 22.6 -25.0 59 45 21336 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 333 21 9.4 -18.5 60 43 21641 340 3 1.0 -2.8 | 310 19 14.6 -12.3 61 41 21946 275 10 10.0 -0.9 | 294 26 23.5 -10.3 62 39 22250 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 291 38 35.3 -13.3 63 35 22860 325 13 7.5 -10.6 | 314 29 21.0 -20.1 64 32 23470 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 305 40 32.4 -22.6 65 30 23880 280 6 5.9 -1.0 | 298 22 19.5 -10.5 66 29 24079 335 14 5.9 -12.7 | 319 29 19.5 -22.1 67 28 24384 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 299 26 23.0 -12.9 68 26 24689 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 305 17 13.6 -9.4 69 22 25908 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 285 24 23.0 -6.0 70 21 26213 275 10 10.0 -0.9 | 294 26 23.5 -10.3 71 20 26450 230 12 9.2 7.7 | 274 23 22.8 -1.7 72 20 26518 260 19 18.7 3.3 | 281 33 32.3 -6.1 73 19 26822 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 288 27 25.5 -8.4 74 18 27127 215 24 13.8 19.7 | 250 29 27.4 10.2 75 17 27432 240 23 19.9 11.5 | 266 34 33.5 2.1 76 16 27737 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 282 47 45.6 -9.4 77 16 28042 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 292 45 41.6 -16.9 78 15 28346 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 285 37 35.6 -9.4 79 14 28651 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 271 45 44.5 -1.2 80 13 29261 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 275 61 60.4 -5.3 81 12 29870 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 287 39 37.5 -11.5 82 10 31000 240 29 25.1 14.5 | 263 39 38.7 5.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 94.8 at 22.1 knts Storm direction: 124.8 at 16.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.8 neg: 1.4 tot: 5.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): -130.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 49.6 neg: -36.6 tot: 13.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 4.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: -0.08 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.3 stream: -0.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.80 Bulk Shear: 32.17 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 107 7 316 10| 8.3 0.0 8.3| 6.0 -2.3 3.7 7.3 0.07| 8.9 0.6 1000 133 11 288 6| 10.2 0.0 10.2| 6.0 -22.5 -16.5 -16.5 -0.57| 11.8 -6.7 1500 141 12 268 6| 6.8 2.6 9.5| 23.3 -22.5 0.8 0.5 -0.15| 11.0 -1.6 2000 139 13 261 5| 5.1 2.2 7.3| 24.7 -31.7 -7.0 -3.5 -0.29| 11.7 -3.4 2500 137 16 229 3| 4.6 1.7 6.3| 37.9 -33.3 4.6 1.8 -0.16| 11.3 -1.8 3000 137 17 218 4| 3.8 1.4 5.2| 49.6 -36.6 13.0 4.3 -0.08| 11.3 -0.9 4000 130 19 168 3| 2.9 3.3 6.2| 49.9 -59.2 -9.4 -2.3 -0.21| 11.0 -2.3 5000 116 20 83 5| 2.3 5.2 7.5| 49.9-211.0-161.1 -32.2 -0.34| 12.9 -4.4 6000 95 22 48 11| 1.9 4.2 6.1| 49.9-369.2-319.4 -53.2 -0.41| 12.0 -5.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251012.12.gif