UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 11 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 11 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 153 145 8 SFC 992 215 10.8 8.6 86 2.2 9.6 145 8 284.6 285.8 283.1 304.2 7.08 2 974 369 10.0 7.0 82 3.0 8.4 170 14 285.3 286.4 282.7 303.3 6.46 3 948 596 10.8 5.8 71 5.0 8.1 208 23 288.3 289.4 283.7 305.6 6.10 4 938 686 11.0 6.7 75 4.3 8.6 212 20 289.4 290.6 284.6 308.0 6.57 5 929 767 10.8 6.1 73 4.7 8.3 214 17 290.0 291.1 284.6 308.1 6.36 6 925 803 10.4 6.2 75 4.2 8.1 215 15 289.9 291.1 284.7 308.3 6.43 7 914 903 9.6 6.9 83 2.7 8.1 215 13 290.1 291.3 285.1 309.6 6.84 8 883 1188 8.4 3.7 72 4.7 5.9 233 12 291.7 292.8 284.6 308.0 5.65 9 850 1502 5.8 3.2 83 2.6 4.5 255 14 292.2 293.2 284.8 308.6 5.67 10 842 1579 5.0 2.9 86 2.1 3.9 254 14 292.2 293.2 284.7 308.3 5.60 11 828 1716 4.0 0.6 78 3.4 2.4 252 13 292.5 293.4 284.0 306.5 4.83 12 814 1855 3.2 0.6 83 2.6 2.0 251 14 293.1 294.0 284.3 307.4 4.91 13 805 1945 2.6 2.3 98 0.3 2.4 254 16 293.4 294.4 285.2 309.7 5.62 14 798 2016 3.2 3.2 100 0.0 3.2 256 17 294.8 295.9 286.2 312.4 6.04 15 700 3068 -2.5 -2.5 100 0.0 -2.5 250 38 299.7 300.5 286.5 313.4 4.55 16 677 3332 -3.9 -3.9 100 0.0 -3.9 246 41 301.0 301.8 286.7 313.8 4.23 17 641 3760 -6.9 -6.9 100 0.0 -6.9 240 45 302.4 303.0 286.5 313.2 3.55 18 628 3920 -8.9 -10.6 87 1.7 -9.5 240 44 301.9 302.4 285.4 310.2 2.71 19 626 3944 -9.1 -12.7 75 3.6 -10.3 240 44 301.9 302.3 284.9 309.1 2.30 20 625 3957 -9.3 -15.3 62 6.0 -11.2 240 44 301.8 302.2 284.4 307.7 1.86 21 620 4019 -8.7 -19.7 41 11.0 -11.8 240 44 303.2 303.4 284.3 307.4 1.29 22 618 4044 -8.7 -18.7 44 10.0 -11.6 240 44 303.5 303.7 284.5 308.0 1.41 23 616 4069 -8.7 -15.7 57 7.0 -10.9 240 43 303.8 304.1 285.1 309.5 1.83 24 613 4107 -8.9 -14.9 62 6.0 -10.8 240 43 303.9 304.3 285.4 310.2 1.96 25 608 4170 -8.9 -16.9 52 8.0 -11.3 240 43 304.7 305.0 285.3 310.0 1.67 26 607 4183 -8.7 -24.7 26 16.0 -12.6 240 43 305.0 305.2 284.5 307.8 0.85 27 604 4221 -8.5 -28.5 18 20.0 -13.0 240 42 305.7 305.8 284.5 307.7 0.60 28 602 4247 -8.1 -22.1 31 14.0 -11.9 240 42 306.5 306.7 285.3 310.0 1.08 29 566 4723 -10.9 -24.9 31 14.0 -14.3 240 43 308.6 308.8 285.9 311.6 0.90 30 531 5209 -15.5 -26.5 38 11.0 -17.9 235 40 308.8 308.9 285.9 311.6 0.83 31 517 5410 -16.7 -29.7 32 13.0 -19.3 235 44 309.7 309.8 286.0 311.9 0.63 32 503 5615 -18.3 -28.3 41 10.0 -20.3 235 47 310.2 310.3 286.3 312.7 0.74 33 500 5660 -18.5 -29.5 37 11.0 -20.6 235 48 310.5 310.6 286.3 312.8 0.66 34 479 5978 -20.5 -34.5 27 14.0 -22.7 231 51 311.8 311.9 286.5 313.4 0.43 35 444 6534 -25.5 -37.5 32 12.0 -27.1 228 52 312.4 312.4 286.6 313.6 0.34 36 408 7139 -30.9 -37.9 50 7.0 -31.7 225 58 313.1 313.1 286.8 314.3 0.36 37 407 7157 -31.1 -39.1 45 8.0 -31.9 225 58 313.0 313.1 286.8 314.1 0.32 38 405 7192 -30.3 -44.3 24 14.0 -31.6 225 60 314.5 314.5 287.1 315.2 0.18 39 404 7209 -30.1 -46.1 20 16.0 -31.5 225 61 315.0 315.0 287.3 315.5 0.15 40 400 7280 -30.7 -44.7 24 14.0 -31.9 225 64 315.1 315.1 287.3 315.7 0.18 41 395 7369 -31.1 -46.1 21 15.0 -32.4 225 65 315.7 315.7 287.5 316.3 0.16 42 393 7406 -29.5 -52.5 9 23.0 -31.2 225 65 318.3 318.3 288.3 318.5 0.08 43 392 7424 -29.5 -52.5 9 23.0 -31.2 225 66 318.5 318.5 288.3 318.8 0.08 44 390 7460 -29.7 -53.7 8 24.0 -31.4 225 66 318.7 318.7 288.4 318.9 0.07 45 386 7534 -28.7 -54.7 6 26.0 -30.6 225 67 320.9 321.0 289.1 321.2 0.06 46 385 7553 -28.7 -52.7 8 24.0 -30.6 225 67 321.2 321.2 289.2 321.5 0.07 47 356 8110 -32.5 -55.1 9 22.6 -33.9 230 77 323.4 323.4 289.9 323.6 0.06 48 326 8726 -36.7 -57.7 10 21.0 -37.8 225 71 325.8 325.8 290.6 326.0 0.05 49 308 9119 -37.7 -62.7 6 25.0 -38.8 220 65 329.7 329.7 291.7 329.9 0.03 50 300 9300 -39.3 -63.3 6 24.0 -40.2 220 58 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.1 0.03 51 290 9530 -41.1 -64.1 7 23.0 -41.9 220 59 330.6 330.6 291.9 330.7 0.02 52 279 9792 -42.1 -66.1 6 24.0 -42.9 221 60 332.9 332.9 292.5 332.9 0.02 53 276 9865 -41.3 -67.3 4 26.0 -42.2 224 59 335.0 335.1 293.1 335.1 0.02 54 250 10530 -44.1 -70.1 4 26.0 -44.8 245 52 340.5 340.5 294.4 340.6 0.01 55 225 11234 -46.7 -72.7 4 26.0 -47.3 261 39 346.9 346.9 296.0 347.0 0.01 56 222 11323 -46.7 -73.7 3 27.0 -47.3 265 37 348.3 348.3 296.3 348.3 0.01 57 200 12010 -50.9 -74.9 4 24.0 -51.3 255 17 352.2 352.2 297.1 352.2 0.01 58 178 12757 -56.3 -76.3 6 20.0 -56.6 235 38 355.3 355.3 297.7 355.3 0.01 59 150 13840 -57.1 -82.1 3 25.0 -57.4 270 25 371.7 371.7 300.9 371.7 0.00 60 100 16380 -61.1 -86.1 2 25.0 -61.4 275 30 409.7 409.7 306.5 409.7 0.00 61 81 17675 -64.3 -87.3 3 23.0 -64.5 303 29 428.6 428.6 308.7 428.6 0.00 62 79 17828 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.1 303 31 434.5 434.5 309.3 434.5 0.00 63 75 18147 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 301 36 438.9 438.9 309.8 438.9 0.00 64 73 18312 -62.7 -87.7 2 25.0 -63.0 302 37 444.9 444.9 310.4 444.9 0.00 65 70 18570 -63.3 -88.3 2 25.0 -63.6 320 22 449.0 449.0 310.7 449.0 0.00 66 67 18839 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 323 19 453.3 453.3 311.1 453.3 0.00 67 64 19120 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 326 15 461.9 461.9 312.0 461.9 0.00 68 64 19120 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.3 326 15 465.9 465.9 312.3 465.9 0.00 69 60 19520 -63.1 -88.1 2 25.0 -63.4 328 10 469.6 469.6 312.6 469.7 0.00 70 59 19623 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -61.9 314 10 475.5 475.5 313.1 475.5 0.00 71 56 19946 -62.7 -87.7 2 25.0 -63.1 285 16 479.9 479.9 313.4 479.9 0.00 72 54 20171 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 284 22 490.0 490.0 314.2 490.0 0.00 73 52 20406 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.8 302 15 493.5 493.5 314.5 493.5 0.00 74 50 20650 -60.3 -87.3 2 27.0 -60.9 320 7 501.4 501.4 315.1 501.4 0.00 75 46 21171 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.3 306 17 514.9 514.9 315.9 514.9 0.00 76 44 21449 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.5 271 14 518.6 518.6 316.2 518.6 0.00 77 42 21740 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.3 228 12 531.5 531.5 317.0 531.5 0.00 78 36 22716 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -57.3 315 19 561.6 561.6 318.7 561.7 0.01 79 32 23461 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.5 320 10 574.5 574.5 319.4 574.5 0.01 80 30 23870 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.8 265 25 593.9 593.9 320.3 593.9 0.01 81 29 24086 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.9 267 25 599.7 599.7 320.6 599.7 0.01 82 26 24777 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -59.0 292 15 611.9 611.9 321.2 611.9 0.01 83 24 25286 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -55.5 300 16 638.8 638.8 322.3 638.9 0.01 84 22 25846 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -54.9 301 17 657.9 657.9 323.0 658.0 0.01 85 20 26460 -53.3 -84.3 1 31.0 -55.9 230 8 673.0 673.0 323.5 673.1 0.02 86 17 27508 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -55.2 243 21 709.5 709.5 324.7 709.7 0.02 87 16 27902 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -53.7 265 27 729.8 729.8 325.4 729.9 0.02 88 15 28322 -51.3 -84.3 1 33.0 -55.1 283 27 737.4 737.4 325.6 737.6 0.02 89 13 29262 -45.7 -82.7 1 37.0 -52.1 302 26 787.6 787.6 327.0 787.9 0.03 90 11 30376 -44.9 -81.9 1 37.0 -52.2 275 34 829.0 829.1 328.0 829.5 0.04 91 10 31010 -46.3 -83.3 1 37.0 -53.4 260 37 846.7 846.7 328.3 847.1 0.04 92 9.8 31144 -45.5 -83.5 1 38.0 -53.1 854.6 854.6 328.5 855.0 0.04 93 9.6 31283 -42.7 -81.7 1 39.0 -51.7 870.3 870.3 328.8 870.8 0.05 94 9.2 31569 -43.7 -81.7 1 38.0 -52.4 877.1 877.1 329.0 877.6 0.05 TRP 178 12757 -56.3 -76.3 6 20.0 -56.6 235 38 355.3 355.3 297.7 355.3 0.01 WND 356 8110 -32.5 -55.1 9 22.6 -33.9 230 77 323.4 323.4 289.9 323.6 0.06 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5507.00 m Freezing level: 742.98 mb = 2606.45 m = 8551.25 ft Wetbulb zero: 743.10 mb = 2588.10 m = 8491.04 ft Precipitable water: 0.85 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 72.44 % Est. max temperature: 18.35 C = 65.03 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 959.52 mb = 494.84 m = 1623.48 ft T: 10.44 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.17 C/km ThetaE index: 2.04 C Layer 842.0- 814.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 840.03 mb = 1598.46 m = 5244.24 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.46 g/kg Conv temperature: 18.41 C = 65.13 F Cap Strength: 6.37 C Lifted Index: 5.97 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 16.75 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.34 C Showalter Index: 4.68 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 46.00 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.30 C Cross Totals Index: 21.70 C K Index: 27.50 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 114.40 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.87 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 29.87 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.73 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 67551.44 J/kg Cap Strength: 6.29 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 889.51 mb = 1127.61 m = 3699.47 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 269 at 24 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 992 215 145 8 -4.6 6.6 | 102 30 -28.9 6.3 1 947 610 210 23 11.5 19.9 | 147 23 -12.8 19.7 2 925 803 215 15 8.6 12.3 | 127 20 -15.7 12.0 3 913 914 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 122 20 -16.9 10.4 4 880 1219 235 12 9.8 6.9 | 115 16 -14.5 6.6 5 850 1502 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 107 11 -10.8 3.4 6 848 1524 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 107 11 -10.8 3.4 7 816 1829 250 13 12.2 4.4 | 109 13 -12.1 4.2 8 786 2134 260 20 19.7 3.5 | 125 6 -4.6 3.2 9 757 2438 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 133 5 -3.7 3.4 10 729 2743 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 197 4 1.3 4.3 11 700 3068 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 222 17 11.4 12.8 12 648 3658 240 46 39.8 23.0 | 214 28 15.5 22.8 13 599 4267 240 42 36.4 21.0 | 210 24 12.0 20.8 14 554 4877 240 44 38.1 22.0 | 212 26 13.8 21.8 15 532 5182 235 40 32.8 22.9 | 200 24 8.4 22.7 16 500 5660 235 48 39.3 27.5 | 209 31 15.0 27.3 17 471 6096 230 52 39.8 33.4 | 205 37 15.5 33.2 18 415 7010 225 52 36.8 36.8 | 199 39 12.4 36.5 19 400 7280 225 64 45.3 45.3 | 205 50 20.9 45.0 20 381 7620 225 68 48.1 48.1 | 206 53 23.7 47.8 21 356 8110 230 77 59.0 49.5 | 215 60 34.6 49.3 22 350 8230 230 77 59.0 49.5 | 215 60 34.6 49.3 23 307 9144 220 65 41.8 49.8 | 199 53 17.4 49.5 24 300 9300 220 58 37.3 44.4 | 196 46 12.9 44.2 25 280 9754 220 60 38.6 46.0 | 197 48 14.2 45.7 26 250 10530 245 52 47.1 22.0 | 226 31 22.8 21.7 27 245 10668 240 54 46.8 27.0 | 220 35 22.4 26.8 28 213 11582 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 297 6 5.5 -2.9 29 204 11887 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 89 11 -11.3 -0.2 30 200 12010 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 118 9 -7.9 4.2 31 178 12757 235 38 31.1 21.8 | 197 23 6.8 21.6 32 177 12802 225 31 21.9 21.9 | 174 22 -2.4 21.7 33 153 13716 265 39 38.9 3.4 | 258 15 14.5 3.2 34 150 13840 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 290 1 0.7 -0.2 35 146 14021 275 21 20.9 -1.8 | 59 4 -3.4 -2.1 36 139 14326 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 142 7 -4.1 5.2 37 132 14630 255 29 28.0 7.5 | 207 8 3.7 7.3 38 126 14935 285 38 36.7 -9.8 | 309 16 12.4 -10.1 39 120 15240 290 32 30.1 -10.9 | 333 13 5.7 -11.2 40 114 15545 290 26 24.4 -8.9 | 359 9 0.1 -9.1 41 109 15850 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 80 1 -1.3 -0.2 42 104 16154 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 86 3 -3.3 -0.2 43 100 16380 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 297 6 5.5 -2.9 44 94 16764 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 297 6 5.5 -2.9 45 89 17069 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 44 9 -6.5 -6.7 46 85 17374 305 25 20.5 -14.3 | 15 15 -3.9 -14.6 47 73 18288 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 336 21 8.6 -19.2 48 70 18570 320 22 14.1 -16.9 | 31 20 -10.2 -17.1 49 60 19507 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 65 21 -19.3 -8.9 50 57 19812 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 76 15 -14.9 -3.7 51 55 20117 280 24 23.6 -4.2 | 9 4 -0.7 -4.4 52 50 20650 320 7 4.5 -5.4 | 74 21 -19.8 -5.6 53 49 20726 295 19 17.2 -8.0 | 41 11 -7.1 -8.3 54 45 21336 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 49 16 -12.1 -10.5 55 43 21641 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 114 21 -19.3 8.4 56 41 21946 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 106 9 -8.6 2.5 57 37 22555 315 22 15.6 -15.6 | 29 18 -8.8 -15.8 58 35 22860 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 45 17 -12.3 -12.3 59 32 23470 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 66 20 -17.9 -7.9 60 30 23774 245 18 16.3 7.6 | 133 11 -8.0 7.4 61 30 23870 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 196 2 0.6 1.9 62 28 24384 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 290 1 0.7 -0.2 63 26 24689 290 15 14.1 -5.1 | 62 12 -10.2 -5.4 64 23 25603 305 17 13.9 -9.8 | 46 14 -10.4 -10.0 65 22 25908 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 48 13 -9.6 -8.7 66 20 26460 230 8 6.1 5.1 | 105 19 -18.2 4.9 67 20 26518 300 11 9.5 -5.5 | 69 16 -14.8 -5.7 68 19 26822 265 7 7.0 0.6 | 91 17 -17.4 0.4 69 18 27127 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 107 16 -15.7 4.8 70 17 27432 240 23 19.9 11.5 | 159 12 -4.4 11.3 71 16 27737 250 15 14.1 5.1 | 116 11 -10.2 4.9 72 16 28042 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 287 11 10.5 -3.3 73 14 28651 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 44 9 -6.5 -6.7 74 14 28956 295 38 34.4 -16.1 | 328 19 10.1 -16.3 75 13 29261 305 25 20.5 -14.3 | 15 15 -3.9 -14.6 76 12 29566 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 272 9 8.7 -0.2 77 12 29870 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 299 14 12.1 -6.7 78 11 30175 280 33 32.5 -5.7 | 306 10 8.2 -6.0 79 10 31010 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 243 14 12.1 6.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 239.4 at 32.5 knts Storm direction: 269.4 at 24.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.2 neg: 3.5 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 117.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 178.7 neg: -68.2 tot: 110.5 m^2/s^2 ave: 36.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.27 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.6 stream: 3.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.45 Bulk Shear: 66.62 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 199 17 129 24| 17.8 0.0 17.8|158.9 -20.7 138.2 276.4 0.66| 28.2 18.5 1000 209 15 127 21| 7.4 0.0 7.4|158.9 -59.9 99.0 99.0 0.28| 19.3 5.3 1500 222 14 126 18| 6.0 0.0 6.0|159.7 -65.7 94.1 62.7 0.21| 14.9 3.1 2000 232 15 126 15| 6.4 0.0 6.4|166.3 -65.7 100.6 50.3 0.23| 13.3 3.0 2500 240 16 128 13| 5.1 1.1 6.2|171.9 -65.7 106.2 42.5 0.29| 11.7 3.4 3000 244 19 140 11| 4.2 3.5 7.8|178.7 -68.2 110.5 36.8 0.27| 12.6 3.4 4000 243 26 173 12| 3.2 3.1 6.3|178.7 -94.5 84.2 21.0 0.19| 10.9 2.0 5000 242 29 186 14| 2.5 2.4 5.0|183.8-126.8 57.0 11.4 0.13| 9.4 1.2 6000 239 32 192 17| 2.1 3.1 5.2|208.9-149.7 59.2 9.9 0.12| 9.0 1.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251011.12.gif