UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101100.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 11 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 11 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 173 190 5 SFC 995 215 15.0 7.0 59 8.0 10.6 190 5 288.6 289.7 284.0 306.5 6.32 2 989 266 15.2 6.2 55 9.0 10.3 195 6 289.3 290.3 284.0 306.4 6.01 3 946 641 12.4 4.4 58 8.0 8.2 222 13 290.1 291.1 283.8 306.0 5.54 4 939 704 12.8 2.8 51 10.0 7.7 216 16 291.1 292.0 283.6 305.5 4.98 5 925 830 12.4 1.4 47 11.0 6.9 205 22 292.0 292.8 283.5 305.3 4.57 6 918 894 12.0 0.0 44 12.0 6.2 205 23 292.2 293.0 283.1 304.4 4.16 7 858 1454 7.2 -0.8 57 8.0 3.4 200 29 292.9 293.7 283.5 305.2 4.20 8 850 1531 6.6 -2.4 53 9.0 2.5 205 29 293.1 293.7 283.1 304.1 3.77 9 846 1570 6.6 -4.4 45 11.0 1.8 210 28 293.5 294.0 282.6 303.1 3.26 10 844 1589 6.6 -5.4 42 12.0 1.5 212 28 293.7 294.2 282.4 302.7 3.03 11 839 1638 6.6 -8.4 33 15.0 0.6 217 28 294.2 294.6 282.0 301.4 2.41 12 835 1677 7.0 -14.0 21 21.0 -0.4 222 27 295.0 295.3 281.2 299.8 1.55 13 830 1726 7.2 -21.8 11 29.0 -1.5 228 26 295.7 295.8 280.6 298.3 0.80 14 826 1766 7.0 -27.0 7 34.0 -2.1 232 26 295.9 296.0 280.3 297.6 0.51 15 815 1876 6.8 241 25 296.8 16 811 1916 6.4 -30.6 5 37.0 -2.8 243 25 296.8 296.9 280.5 298.0 0.37 17 808 1947 6.2 -16.8 17 23.0 -1.5 244 25 296.9 297.1 281.7 300.9 1.27 18 806 1967 6.2 -22.8 10 29.0 -2.3 244 25 297.1 297.3 281.1 299.6 0.76 19 788 2152 5.6 -16.4 19 22.0 -1.9 250 25 298.4 298.7 282.4 302.6 1.35 20 753 2522 3.8 -21.2 14 25.0 -3.8 254 25 300.4 300.5 282.7 303.4 0.93 21 736 2708 4.6 -21.4 13 26.0 -3.4 263 27 303.2 303.4 283.9 306.3 0.94 22 703 3079 2.4 -18.6 19 21.0 -4.5 260 23 304.8 305.0 284.9 308.8 1.25 23 700 3114 2.2 -21.8 15 24.0 -5.1 260 23 304.9 305.1 284.6 308.1 0.95 24 688 3253 1.6 -36.4 4 38.0 -6.7 263 22 305.8 305.8 284.0 306.6 0.25 25 675 3406 0.8 -30.2 8 31.0 -6.9 266 21 306.5 306.6 284.6 308.1 0.46 26 671 3454 0.4 -16.6 27 17.0 -5.4 266 22 306.6 306.9 285.9 311.6 1.55 27 665 3526 0.0 -16.0 29 16.0 -5.5 268 23 307.0 307.3 286.1 312.3 1.65 28 646 3757 -1.7 -23.7 17 22.0 -7.9 269 24 307.6 307.7 285.5 310.5 0.87 29 639 3843 -2.1 -15.1 36 13.0 -6.7 269 25 308.1 308.4 286.8 314.1 1.85 30 636 3881 -2.5 -9.5 59 7.0 -5.3 268 25 308.0 308.6 287.8 317.3 2.92 31 633 3918 -2.7 -11.7 50 9.0 -6.1 268 25 308.2 308.7 287.5 316.1 2.46 32 624 4031 -3.7 -9.7 63 6.0 -6.1 267 25 308.4 308.9 288.0 317.6 2.93 33 620 4082 -4.1 -10.1 63 6.0 -6.5 267 25 308.5 309.0 287.9 317.5 2.86 34 615 4146 -4.7 -8.4 75 3.7 -6.2 266 26 308.5 309.1 288.3 318.9 3.30 35 587 4510 -7.7 -8.2 96 0.5 -7.9 267 27 309.1 309.8 288.8 320.2 3.51 36 577 4643 -8.7 -10.0 90 1.3 -9.2 268 27 309.5 310.1 288.5 319.3 3.10 37 562 4846 -10.5 -10.5 100 0.0 -10.5 270 28 309.7 310.3 288.5 319.4 3.06 38 556 4929 -10.1 -12.6 82 2.5 -11.0 269 28 311.1 311.6 288.6 319.5 2.61 39 554 4956 -10.3 -13.2 79 2.9 -11.3 269 29 311.2 311.7 288.5 319.3 2.50 40 551 4998 -10.5 -12.5 85 2.0 -11.2 268 29 311.5 312.0 288.8 320.0 2.66 41 549 5026 -10.5 -13.2 81 2.7 -11.5 268 30 311.8 312.3 288.7 319.9 2.52 42 543 5111 -10.7 -20.7 44 10.0 -13.6 266 31 312.5 312.8 287.8 317.0 1.35 43 541 5139 -10.9 -15.9 67 5.0 -12.5 266 31 312.6 313.0 288.5 319.3 2.05 44 539 5167 -11.1 -25.1 30 14.0 -14.6 265 32 312.7 312.9 287.3 315.9 0.92 45 538 5182 -11.1 -22.1 40 11.0 -14.1 265 32 312.9 313.1 287.8 316.9 1.21 46 537 5196 -11.5 -13.3 86 1.8 -12.1 265 32 312.6 313.1 289.0 320.8 2.55 47 535 5224 -11.7 -15.5 73 3.8 -12.9 264 32 312.7 313.1 288.6 319.6 2.14 48 534 5239 -11.7 -15.7 72 4.0 -13.0 264 32 312.8 313.2 288.6 319.7 2.11 49 533 5253 -11.9 -14.5 81 2.6 -12.8 264 33 312.8 313.2 288.8 320.3 2.33 50 532 5267 -11.9 -15.0 78 3.1 -12.9 263 33 312.9 313.4 288.8 320.2 2.24 51 529 5311 -11.9 -24.9 33 13.0 -15.2 263 33 313.4 313.6 287.6 316.7 0.96 52 527 5340 -11.9 -18.9 56 7.0 -14.0 262 34 313.8 314.1 288.5 319.2 1.63 53 523 5398 -12.3 -17.3 66 5.0 -13.9 261 35 314.0 314.3 288.8 320.2 1.88 54 500 5740 -14.3 -31.3 22 17.0 -17.7 255 39 315.6 315.7 287.9 317.6 0.56 55 400 7400 -26.1 -29.4 74 3.3 -26.7 255 41 321.1 321.2 290.0 324.0 0.84 56 300 9410 -42.9 -46.8 65 3.9 -43.1 250 41 324.9 324.9 290.5 325.6 0.19 57 250 10620 -50.1 -62.1 23 12.0 -50.4 275 31 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.7 0.04 58 200 12050 -55.5 -73.5 9 18.0 -55.8 280 31 344.9 344.9 295.5 344.9 0.01 59 168 13150 -59.5 -77.5 8 18.0 -59.7 290 46 355.8 355.8 297.9 355.9 0.01 60 150 13860 -58.9 -82.9 3 24.0 -59.1 260 39 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.00 61 100 16390 -61.9 -85.9 3 24.0 -62.1 260 27 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 62 91 16974 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -61.8 269 28 420.1 420.1 307.7 420.1 0.00 63 83 17542 -63.5 -87.5 2 24.0 -63.7 294 30 427.2 427.2 308.5 427.2 0.00 64 79 17846 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.4 292 26 436.2 436.2 309.5 436.2 0.00 65 70 18590 -64.1 -89.1 2 25.0 -64.4 300 21 447.3 447.3 310.6 447.3 0.00 66 67 18859 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.7 303 25 452.0 452.0 311.0 452.0 0.00 67 65 19046 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.9 285 26 460.3 460.3 311.8 460.3 0.00 68 59 19648 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 287 32 478.6 478.7 313.4 478.7 0.00 69 54 20201 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 310 19 487.7 487.7 314.1 487.7 0.00 70 50 20680 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 290 23 500.9 500.9 315.0 500.9 0.00 71 49 20806 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.4 288 23 502.9 502.9 315.1 502.9 0.00 72 43 21624 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.6 290 19 529.9 529.9 316.9 529.9 0.00 73 38 22402 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.4 303 14 546.9 546.9 317.9 546.9 0.00 74 36 22743 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -58.0 292 17 559.6 559.6 318.6 559.6 0.00 75 34 23105 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.9 281 19 569.3 569.3 319.1 569.3 0.01 76 33 23294 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.3 278 19 570.0 570.0 319.2 570.0 0.00 77 30 23900 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -55.5 330 22 598.2 598.2 320.5 598.3 0.01 78 27 24576 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -56.0 314 20 615.4 615.4 321.3 615.5 0.01 79 26 24819 -52.3 -86.3 1 34.0 -54.6 332 15 627.2 627.2 321.8 627.3 0.01 80 21 26195 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.9 278 15 663.1 663.1 323.2 663.2 0.01 81 20 26510 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.0 260 16 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 82 18 27193 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.2 256 20 697.4 697.4 324.3 697.5 0.01 83 18 27193 -50.7 -85.7 1 35.0 -54.2 256 20 701.8 701.8 324.5 701.9 0.01 84 17 27565 -51.3 -85.3 1 34.0 -54.8 273 27 711.5 711.5 324.8 711.6 0.02 85 16 27961 -48.7 -84.7 1 36.0 -53.2 266 26 732.4 732.4 325.4 732.5 0.02 86 16 27961 -49.3 -84.3 1 35.0 -53.6 266 26 730.4 730.4 325.4 730.6 0.02 87 15 28387 -46.7 -83.7 1 37.0 -52.2 275 34 752.7 752.7 326.0 752.9 0.02 88 14 28846 -45.9 -82.9 1 37.0 -51.9 254 30 770.4 770.4 326.5 770.6 0.03 89 14 28846 -45.9 -82.9 1 37.0 -51.9 254 30 770.4 770.4 326.5 770.6 0.03 90 14 28846 -45.9 -82.9 1 37.0 -51.9 254 30 770.4 770.4 326.5 770.6 0.03 91 12 29867 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.9 292 23 796.6 796.6 327.1 796.8 0.03 92 11 30445 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -52.4 275 25 828.3 828.3 327.9 828.6 0.04 93 10 31080 -46.3 -83.3 1 37.0 -53.4 275 25 846.7 846.7 328.3 847.1 0.04 94 9.3 31564 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -52.8 871.3 871.4 328.8 871.7 0.04 95 9.1 31710 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -51.9 884.4 884.5 329.1 884.9 0.05 96 8.7 32013 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -52.8 889.7 889.7 329.2 890.1 0.05 97 7.6 32924 -42.1 -82.1 0 40.0 -52.5 932.8 932.8 330.1 933.5 0.06 TRP 168 13150 -59.5 -77.5 8 18.0 -59.7 290 46 355.8 355.8 297.9 355.9 0.01 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5567.00 m Freezing level: 665.00 mb = 3525.84 m = 11567.59 ft Wetbulb zero: 836.70 mb = 1660.32 m = 5447.17 ft Precipitable water: 0.57 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 45.09 % Est. max temperature: 19.98 C = 67.97 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 882.27 mb = 1222.74 m = 4011.58 ft T: 9.18 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.28 C/km ThetaE index: 7.65 C Layer 850.0- 815.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 638.91 mb = 3844.52 m = 12613.11 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.14 g/kg Conv temperature: 34.49 C = 94.09 F Cap Strength: 10.18 C Lifted Index: 10.88 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 13.86 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.57 C Showalter Index: 11.81 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 32.80 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.90 C Cross Totals Index: 11.90 C K Index: -5.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 217.76 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.88 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 17.53 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.92 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 53788.65 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.67 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 816.33 mb = 1862.70 m = 6111.13 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 281 at 20 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 190 5 0.9 4.9 | 115 21 -18.6 8.8 1 950 610 225 11 7.8 7.8 | 135 16 -11.7 11.7 2 925 830 205 22 9.3 19.9 | 157 26 -10.1 23.8 3 916 914 205 24 10.1 21.8 | 160 27 -9.3 25.6 4 883 1219 200 27 9.2 25.4 | 161 31 -10.2 29.3 5 851 1524 200 29 9.9 27.3 | 163 33 -9.5 31.1 6 850 1531 205 29 12.3 26.3 | 167 31 -7.2 30.2 7 820 1829 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 188 17 2.2 16.4 8 789 2134 250 25 23.5 8.6 | 198 13 4.1 12.4 9 760 2438 250 24 22.6 8.2 | 194 12 3.1 12.1 10 733 2743 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 230 10 7.5 6.2 11 700 3114 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 202 9 3.2 7.9 12 679 3353 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 195 6 1.5 5.7 13 653 3658 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 230 6 4.6 3.9 14 604 4267 265 26 25.9 2.3 | 226 9 6.5 6.1 15 558 4877 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 246 9 8.6 3.9 16 500 5740 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 233 23 18.2 14.0 17 477 6096 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 243 25 21.9 11.2 18 400 7400 255 41 39.6 10.6 | 234 25 20.2 14.5 19 388 7620 255 41 39.6 10.6 | 234 25 20.2 14.5 20 312 9144 245 42 38.1 17.7 | 221 29 18.6 21.6 21 300 9410 250 41 38.5 14.0 | 227 26 19.1 17.9 22 298 9449 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 229 29 21.9 18.9 23 250 10620 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 264 12 11.5 1.2 24 248 10668 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 263 11 10.5 1.3 25 226 11278 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 246 17 15.4 6.9 26 215 11582 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 279 27 26.9 -4.3 27 205 11887 295 34 30.8 -14.4 | 313 15 11.4 -10.5 28 200 12050 280 31 30.5 -5.4 | 278 11 11.1 -1.5 29 196 12192 280 31 30.5 -5.4 | 278 11 11.1 -1.5 30 186 12497 260 38 37.4 6.6 | 240 21 18.0 10.5 31 169 13106 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 287 34 32.7 -10.1 32 168 13150 290 46 43.2 -15.7 | 296 27 23.8 -11.8 33 161 13411 295 40 36.3 -16.9 | 308 21 16.8 -13.0 34 153 13716 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 310 9 6.9 -5.7 35 150 13860 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 241 22 19.0 10.7 36 133 14630 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 279 29 28.8 -4.6 37 120 15240 280 40 39.4 -6.9 | 279 20 20.0 -3.1 38 115 15545 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 289 17 16.3 -5.7 39 100 16390 260 27 26.6 4.7 | 220 11 7.2 8.6 40 94 16764 260 27 26.6 4.7 | 220 11 7.2 8.6 41 81 17678 300 31 26.8 -15.5 | 327 14 7.4 -11.6 42 77 17983 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 315 3 1.8 -1.8 43 74 18288 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 335 11 4.8 -10.1 44 70 18590 300 21 18.2 -10.5 | 11 7 -1.2 -6.6 45 70 18593 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 310 9 6.9 -5.7 46 67 18898 305 25 20.5 -14.3 | 354 11 1.0 -10.5 47 63 19202 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 230 10 7.5 6.2 48 60 19507 285 34 32.8 -8.8 | 290 14 13.4 -4.9 49 57 19812 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 306 11 8.8 -6.4 50 55 20117 325 21 12.0 -17.2 | 29 15 -7.4 -13.3 51 52 20422 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 131 6 -4.4 3.9 52 50 20680 290 23 21.6 -7.9 | 331 5 2.2 -4.0 53 47 21031 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 302 4 3.8 -2.3 54 45 21336 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 355 3 0.3 -3.3 55 43 21641 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 31 3 -1.6 -2.6 56 41 21946 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 27 12 -5.3 -10.3 57 39 22250 300 13 11.3 -6.5 | 72 9 -8.2 -2.6 58 37 22555 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 62 9 -8.0 -4.1 59 35 22860 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 46 1 -1.1 -1.0 60 32 23470 275 19 18.9 -1.7 | 167 2 -0.5 2.2 61 30 23900 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 29 17 -8.4 -15.2 62 28 24384 320 21 13.5 -16.1 | 26 14 -5.9 -12.2 63 27 24689 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 30 10 -4.9 -8.3 64 25 24994 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 73 20 -19.4 -6.1 65 23 25603 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 98 10 -9.8 1.3 66 22 25908 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 67 6 -5.8 -2.5 67 20 26510 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 151 8 -3.7 6.7 68 20 26518 265 2 2.0 0.2 | 103 18 -17.4 4.1 69 19 26822 275 18 17.9 -1.6 | 147 3 -1.5 2.3 70 18 27127 250 18 16.9 6.2 | 166 10 -2.5 10.0 71 17 27432 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 258 8 7.5 1.5 72 16 28042 265 26 25.9 2.3 | 226 9 6.5 6.1 73 15 28346 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 267 15 15.4 0.8 74 14 28651 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 262 10 9.5 1.4 75 14 28956 245 30 27.2 12.7 | 205 18 7.8 16.6 76 13 29566 310 20 15.3 -12.9 | 25 10 -4.1 -9.0 77 11 30175 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 253 6 5.5 1.7 78 10 31080 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 253 6 5.5 1.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 251.3 at 26.4 knts Storm direction: 281.3 at 19.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.0 neg: 2.2 tot: 7.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 84.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 193.2 neg: -11.3 tot: 181.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 60.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.49 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.0 stream: 5.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.34 Bulk Shear: 51.22 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 216 9 129 18| 12.3 0.0 12.3| 54.5 0.0 54.5 108.9 0.83| 13.8 11.5 1000 207 16 147 22| 6.1 6.2 12.4| 84.0 0.0 84.0 84.0 0.62| 13.2 8.1 1500 206 20 155 24| 6.4 4.1 10.5|152.1 0.0 152.1 101.4 0.61| 14.0 8.6 2000 217 22 163 22| 6.2 3.1 9.3|175.8 -0.2 175.6 87.8 0.59| 13.2 7.8 2500 225 22 170 20| 6.1 2.5 8.5|193.2 -2.0 191.3 76.5 0.61| 12.1 7.3 3000 232 23 175 18| 5.0 2.2 7.3|193.2 -11.3 181.9 60.6 0.49| 11.0 5.4 4000 242 23 183 15| 4.2 1.8 6.1|198.5 -12.8 185.7 46.4 0.48| 9.2 4.4 5000 249 24 193 13| 3.6 1.7 5.3|205.5 -15.9 189.5 37.9 0.45| 8.2 3.7 6000 251 26 204 14| 3.4 2.1 5.4|231.4 -30.1 201.3 33.6 0.40| 8.0 3.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251011.00.gif