UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 10 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 10 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1003 215 4.4 -0.6 70 5.0 2.3 130 6 277.3 277.9 275.3 287.4 3.64 1 1000 241 4.6 -1.4 65 6.0 2.1 165 9 277.8 278.3 275.2 287.3 3.45 2 998 257 5.0 -2.0 60 7.0 2.1 167 10 278.3 278.9 275.3 287.5 3.30 3 994 290 6.6 -2.4 53 9.0 2.8 171 11 280.2 280.8 276.3 289.3 3.22 4 986 357 8.0 -3.0 46 11.0 3.4 179 13 282.3 282.8 277.2 291.1 3.10 5 972 475 8.4 -3.6 43 12.0 3.4 194 18 283.8 284.4 277.9 292.4 3.01 6 967 518 9.8 -2.2 43 12.0 4.5 199 20 285.7 286.3 279.2 295.3 3.36 7 949 673 9.2 -2.8 43 12.0 3.9 212 21 286.6 287.2 279.6 296.0 3.27 8 925 885 7.4 -3.6 46 11.0 2.7 220 13 286.9 287.4 279.6 296.0 3.16 9 872 1368 3.2 -3.8 60 7.0 0.3 242 7 287.4 288.0 280.0 296.9 3.31 10 867 1414 3.0 -4.0 60 7.0 0.1 246 6 287.7 288.2 280.1 297.1 3.28 11 859 1489 3.0 -6.0 52 9.0 -0.6 252 5 288.4 288.9 279.8 296.7 2.84 12 855 1527 3.8 -11.2 32 15.0 -1.6 255 5 289.6 290.0 279.2 295.3 1.90 13 850 1575 3.6 -12.4 30 16.0 -2.0 255 5 289.9 290.2 279.1 295.1 1.73 14 831 1759 5.0 -38.0 3 43.0 -3.8 226 11 293.3 293.3 278.6 293.9 0.17 15 820 1867 5.4 -36.6 3 42.0 -3.6 216 13 294.8 294.9 279.3 295.5 0.20 16 804 2028 5.4 -37.6 3 43.0 -3.7 221 16 296.5 296.5 280.1 297.1 0.19 17 786 2213 5.8 -32.2 4 38.0 -3.4 226 16 298.8 298.9 281.3 299.9 0.33 18 770 2381 5.0 -43.0 2 48.0 -4.3 229 13 299.7 299.8 281.4 300.1 0.11 19 744 2660 3.6 -31.4 6 35.0 -4.9 237 14 301.2 301.2 282.4 302.4 0.37 20 730 2814 2.4 -18.6 19 21.0 -4.3 237 15 301.5 301.7 283.5 305.4 1.21 21 714 2992 2.4 -24.6 12 27.0 -5.2 228 15 303.4 303.6 283.7 305.8 0.73 22 700 3152 1.6 -26.4 10 28.0 -6.0 230 17 304.3 304.4 284.0 306.4 0.63 23 692 3244 1.2 -25.8 11 27.0 -6.2 233 17 304.8 304.9 284.2 307.1 0.67 24 680 3385 0.8 -18.2 23 19.0 -5.4 237 17 305.9 306.1 285.4 310.2 1.34 25 677 3420 0.8 -20.2 19 21.0 -5.8 238 16 306.3 306.5 285.3 310.0 1.13 26 675 3444 0.4 -15.6 29 16.0 -5.2 238 16 306.1 306.4 285.8 311.5 1.68 27 670 3503 0.0 -14.0 34 14.0 -5.1 240 16 306.3 306.7 286.2 312.5 1.93 28 655 3684 -0.7 -23.7 16 23.0 -7.2 245 16 307.5 307.7 285.4 310.4 0.86 29 652 3721 -0.9 -19.9 22 19.0 -6.8 245 17 307.7 307.9 285.9 311.6 1.21 30 647 3782 -1.3 -24.3 15 23.0 -7.7 244 17 307.9 308.1 285.5 310.7 0.83 31 644 3819 -1.5 -18.5 26 17.0 -7.0 244 17 308.1 308.3 286.2 312.6 1.38 32 641 3856 -1.7 -23.7 17 22.0 -7.9 243 18 308.3 308.4 285.8 311.2 0.88 33 640 3869 -1.9 -21.9 20 20.0 -7.8 243 18 308.2 308.4 285.9 311.6 1.03 34 638 3893 -1.7 -29.7 10 28.0 -8.6 243 18 308.7 308.8 285.5 310.4 0.51 35 633 3956 -1.9 -29.9 10 28.0 -8.8 243 19 309.1 309.2 285.7 310.9 0.50 36 623 4082 -2.5 -35.5 6 33.0 -9.6 242 20 309.9 309.9 285.7 310.9 0.30 37 608 4275 -3.9 -25.9 16 22.0 -9.7 240 22 310.4 310.6 286.4 313.0 0.76 38 607 4288 -3.9 -31.9 9 28.0 -10.3 240 22 310.6 310.7 286.1 312.1 0.43 39 595 4445 -5.1 -24.1 21 19.0 -10.3 250 23 311.0 311.1 286.8 314.0 0.92 40 587 4551 -5.5 -36.5 7 31.0 -11.8 257 23 311.7 311.8 286.3 312.7 0.29 41 573 4739 -6.9 -25.9 20 19.0 -11.8 258 22 312.2 312.4 287.1 315.0 0.81 42 560 4918 -7.5 -32.5 12 25.0 -12.9 255 21 313.6 313.7 287.1 315.1 0.44 43 549 5072 -8.5 -25.5 24 17.0 -12.9 257 21 314.2 314.3 287.8 317.2 0.87 44 536 5257 -9.5 -32.5 13 23.0 -14.4 259 21 315.1 315.2 287.7 316.8 0.46 45 523 5446 -11.1 -28.1 23 17.0 -15.1 261 22 315.4 315.6 288.1 317.9 0.72 46 502 5760 -12.9 -31.9 19 19.0 -16.9 265 22 316.9 317.1 288.3 318.8 0.53 47 500 5790 -13.1 -32.1 19 19.0 -17.0 265 22 317.1 317.2 288.4 318.9 0.52 48 403 7386 -27.5 -37.5 38 10.0 -28.8 277 18 318.6 318.6 288.7 319.9 0.38 49 400 7440 -27.9 -38.9 34 11.0 -29.2 275 18 318.7 318.8 288.7 319.9 0.33 50 399 7458 -28.1 -39.1 34 11.0 -29.4 275 18 318.7 318.8 288.7 319.9 0.32 51 390 7621 -29.5 -42.5 27 13.0 -30.9 275 19 318.9 319.0 288.7 319.8 0.23 52 362 8148 -33.7 -44.7 32 11.0 -34.6 272 20 320.2 320.2 289.0 320.9 0.20 53 337 8647 -37.1 -53.1 17 16.0 -38.0 268 20 322.2 322.2 289.5 322.5 0.08 54 300 9440 -43.3 -54.3 29 11.0 -43.8 265 20 324.3 324.3 290.2 324.6 0.08 55 277 9972 -47.5 -56.5 35 9.0 -47.8 272 24 325.8 325.8 290.6 326.0 0.07 56 274 10043 -48.1 -60.1 24 12.0 -48.4 272 24 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.1 0.04 57 250 10640 -53.3 -60.3 42 7.0 -53.5 280 29 326.8 326.8 290.9 327.0 0.05 58 228 11229 -58.1 -62.3 58 4.2 -58.2 285 32 328.2 328.2 291.3 328.4 0.04 59 200 12060 -56.3 -75.3 7 19.0 -56.5 280 33 343.6 343.6 295.2 343.6 0.01 60 150 13890 -58.1 -83.1 3 25.0 -58.3 280 30 370.0 370.0 300.5 370.0 0.00 61 100 16400 -64.3 -86.3 3 22.0 -64.5 300 30 403.5 403.5 305.7 403.5 0.00 62 92 16908 -65.7 -87.7 3 22.0 -65.8 286 29 410.5 410.5 306.6 410.5 0.00 63 79 17839 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -63.9 311 29 432.9 432.9 309.1 432.9 0.00 64 75 18157 -64.9 -88.9 2 24.0 -65.1 319 22 436.8 436.8 309.6 436.8 0.00 65 70 18580 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.6 285 17 451.1 451.1 311.0 451.1 0.00 66 64 19136 -61.3 -89.3 1 28.0 -61.7 282 22 465.0 465.0 312.2 465.0 0.00 67 58 19746 -62.5 -89.5 1 27.0 -62.9 287 26 475.6 475.6 313.1 475.6 0.00 68 50 20670 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.9 280 21 503.7 503.7 315.2 503.8 0.00 69 49 20796 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.1 282 21 506.2 506.2 315.4 506.2 0.00 70 48 20926 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -57.8 284 21 515.4 515.4 316.0 515.4 0.00 71 44 21475 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.3 297 21 524.4 524.5 316.6 524.5 0.00 72 38 22398 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.5 295 16 549.5 549.5 318.1 549.5 0.00 73 36 22738 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.6 307 15 554.9 554.9 318.3 554.9 0.00 74 34 23098 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.4 293 16 567.7 567.7 319.0 567.8 0.01 75 32 23481 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.0 298 10 576.1 576.1 319.5 576.1 0.01 76 31 23682 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -57.5 269 8 586.2 586.2 320.0 586.2 0.01 77 30 23890 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.7 240 6 591.2 591.2 320.2 591.2 0.01 78 25 25052 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.5 278 17 628.0 628.0 321.8 628.0 0.01 79 24 25314 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -55.1 272 19 640.6 640.6 322.3 640.6 0.01 80 22 25875 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.7 288 24 654.9 654.9 322.9 655.0 0.01 81 20 26490 -51.9 -85.9 1 34.0 -54.9 255 19 677.3 677.3 323.7 677.4 0.01 82 15 28371 -48.5 -83.5 1 35.0 -53.3 295 17 746.7 746.7 325.8 746.9 0.02 83 13 29315 -47.9 -83.9 1 36.0 -53.4 290 36 780.0 780.0 326.7 780.2 0.03 84 13 29315 -47.9 -83.9 1 36.0 -53.4 290 36 780.0 780.0 326.7 780.2 0.03 85 12 29845 -47.1 -84.1 1 37.0 -53.2 290 36 800.9 800.9 327.3 801.1 0.03 86 12 29845 -44.1 -82.1 1 38.0 -51.5 290 36 811.5 811.5 327.5 811.9 0.04 87 11 30429 -43.9 -81.9 1 38.0 -51.7 278 27 832.7 832.7 328.0 833.1 0.04 88 11 30429 -41.1 -81.1 1 40.0 -50.4 278 27 842.8 842.9 328.2 843.3 0.05 89 10 31070 -46.5 -82.5 1 36.0 -53.5 260 30 846.0 846.0 328.3 846.4 0.04 90 9.5 31410 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -54.4 853.9 853.9 328.5 854.3 0.04 91 9.0 31768 -46.1 -83.1 1 37.0 -53.7 873.4 873.4 328.9 873.8 0.04 92 8.4 32226 -47.1 -84.1 1 37.0 -54.5 886.9 886.9 329.2 887.3 0.04 93 7.1 33359 -39.1 -80.1 1 41.0 -51.6 963.5 963.5 330.6 964.5 0.09 TRP 228 11229 -58.1 -62.3 58 4.2 -58.2 285 32 328.2 328.2 291.3 328.4 0.04 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5549.00 m Freezing level: 670.00 mb = 3503.37 m = 11493.85 ft Wetbulb zero: 866.07 mb = 1422.93 m = 4668.35 ft Precipitable water: 0.31 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 22.06 % Est. max temperature: 16.85 C = 62.33 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 928.48 mb = 854.00 m = 2801.81 ft T: 7.66 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.57 C/km ThetaE index: 3.26 C Layer 859.0- 820.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 526.05 mb = 5401.62 m = 17721.62 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.22 g/kg Conv temperature: 42.48 C = 108.46 F Cap Strength: 20.01 C Lifted Index: 20.04 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.43 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.53 C Showalter Index: 19.34 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 17.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.70 C Cross Totals Index: 0.70 C K Index: -23.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 32.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.10 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 33.97 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.24 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 58886.32 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.83 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 805.99 mb = 2007.95 m = 6587.67 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 272 at 13 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1003 215 130 6 -4.6 3.9 | 104 18 -17.4 4.3 1 1000 241 165 9 -2.3 8.7 | 121 18 -15.1 9.2 2 956 610 210 23 11.5 19.9 | 176 20 -1.3 20.4 3 925 885 220 13 8.4 10.0 | 157 11 -4.4 10.4 4 922 914 220 13 8.4 10.0 | 157 11 -4.4 10.4 5 888 1219 230 8 6.1 5.1 | 130 9 -6.6 5.6 6 855 1524 255 5 4.8 1.3 | 103 8 -7.9 1.8 7 850 1575 255 5 4.8 1.3 | 103 8 -7.9 1.8 8 824 1829 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 154 12 -5.3 11.1 9 794 2134 225 17 12.0 12.0 | 177 13 -0.8 12.5 10 764 2438 230 12 9.2 7.7 | 156 9 -3.6 8.2 11 736 2743 240 15 13.0 7.5 | 182 8 0.2 8.0 12 709 3048 225 15 10.6 10.6 | 169 11 -2.2 11.1 13 700 3152 230 17 13.0 10.9 | 181 11 0.2 11.4 14 656 3658 245 16 14.5 6.8 | 193 7 1.7 7.2 15 607 4267 240 22 19.1 11.0 | 209 13 6.3 11.5 16 584 4572 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 246 11 9.9 4.5 17 562 4877 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 232 10 7.5 5.9 18 500 5790 265 22 21.9 1.9 | 255 9 9.1 2.4 19 480 6096 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 258 12 12.1 2.7 20 407 7315 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 302 5 4.0 -2.5 21 400 7440 275 18 17.9 -1.6 | 282 5 5.2 -1.1 22 390 7620 275 19 18.9 -1.7 | 281 6 6.2 -1.2 23 313 9144 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 254 8 8.1 2.3 24 300 9440 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 253 7 7.1 2.2 25 250 10640 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 286 16 15.8 -4.5 26 228 11229 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 293 20 18.1 -7.8 27 216 11582 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 303 17 14.5 -9.4 28 206 11887 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 268 13 13.2 0.5 29 200 12060 280 33 32.5 -5.7 | 285 20 19.7 -5.2 30 187 12497 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 283 29 28.6 -6.8 31 178 12802 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 300 23 20.1 -11.5 32 170 13106 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 284 25 24.6 -6.1 33 150 13890 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 286 17 16.8 -4.7 34 147 14021 290 34 31.9 -11.6 | 300 22 19.2 -11.1 35 140 14326 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 277 19 19.1 -2.3 36 121 15240 285 35 33.8 -9.1 | 292 23 21.0 -8.6 37 100 16400 300 30 26.0 -15.0 | 318 20 13.2 -14.5 38 94 16764 300 30 26.0 -15.0 | 318 20 13.2 -14.5 39 90 17069 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 268 15 15.2 0.5 40 85 17374 290 38 35.7 -13.0 | 299 26 22.9 -12.5 41 81 17678 295 34 30.8 -14.4 | 308 23 18.0 -13.9 42 77 17983 325 25 14.3 -20.5 | 356 20 1.6 -20.0 43 73 18288 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 354 14 1.4 -13.7 44 70 18580 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 317 5 3.6 -3.9 45 70 18593 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 324 7 4.1 -5.7 46 67 18898 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 293 8 6.9 -3.0 47 55 20117 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 303 17 14.5 -9.4 48 52 20422 275 13 13.0 -1.1 | 345 1 0.2 -0.6 49 50 20670 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 292 9 7.9 -3.2 50 45 21336 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 312 11 7.9 -7.0 51 43 21641 305 20 16.4 -11.5 | 342 12 3.6 -11.0 52 39 22250 275 18 17.9 -1.6 | 282 5 5.2 -1.1 53 37 22555 315 14 9.9 -9.9 | 17 10 -2.9 -9.4 54 34 23165 290 16 15.0 -5.5 | 336 5 2.3 -5.0 55 32 23470 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 42 6 -4.1 -4.5 56 30 23890 240 6 5.2 3.0 | 115 8 -7.6 3.5 57 29 24079 245 2 1.8 0.8 | 97 11 -11.0 1.3 58 28 24384 265 8 8.0 0.7 | 104 5 -4.8 1.2 59 26 24689 250 13 12.2 4.4 | 174 5 -0.6 4.9 60 25 24994 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 302 5 4.0 -2.5 61 23 25603 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 253 7 7.1 2.2 62 22 25908 290 24 22.6 -8.2 | 308 12 9.8 -7.7 63 21 26213 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 293 8 6.9 -3.0 64 20 26490 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 226 8 5.6 5.4 65 19 26822 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 226 8 5.6 5.4 66 17 27432 280 24 23.6 -4.2 | 289 11 10.9 -3.7 67 16 28042 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 291 9 8.9 -3.3 68 15 28346 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 342 9 2.8 -8.5 69 14 28651 265 13 13.0 1.1 | 186 2 0.2 1.6 70 13 29261 290 36 33.8 -12.3 | 299 24 21.1 -11.8 71 12 29870 290 36 33.8 -12.3 | 299 24 21.1 -11.8 72 11 30175 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 297 14 12.3 -6.2 73 10 31070 260 30 29.5 5.2 | 251 18 16.8 5.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 242.2 at 17.0 knts Storm direction: 272.2 at 12.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.3 neg: 1.6 tot: 3.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 78.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 164.5 neg: -50.3 tot: 114.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 38.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.33 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.3 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 1.80 Bulk Shear: 18.84 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 201 17 157 17| 20.0 0.0 20.0|119.8 -5.6 114.2 228.5 0.82| 28.9 23.6 1000 209 15 157 14| 5.6 0.0 5.6|119.8 -29.9 89.9 89.9 0.37| 20.5 7.6 1500 215 12 150 12| 4.2 0.0 4.2|129.6 -38.1 91.5 61.0 0.32| 16.8 5.5 2000 217 13 153 12| 3.1 1.6 4.8|150.7 -39.7 111.0 55.5 0.38| 15.3 5.8 2500 220 13 156 11| 2.8 1.3 4.1|157.4 -46.5 110.9 44.4 0.35| 13.6 4.7 3000 222 13 159 11| 2.3 1.6 3.9|164.5 -50.3 114.2 38.1 0.33| 12.3 4.1 4000 228 14 168 10| 2.0 1.8 3.8|174.8 -50.3 124.5 31.1 0.35| 10.4 3.6 5000 236 16 182 9| 2.1 1.5 3.6|200.6 -55.5 145.1 29.0 0.38| 9.5 3.6 6000 242 17 195 9| 2.1 1.2 3.3|209.7 -55.5 154.2 25.7 0.39| 8.4 3.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251010.12.gif