UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025101000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 10 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 10 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1006 215 8.6 -1.4 49 10.0 4.2 35 8 281.3 281.9 277.1 290.9 3.43 1 1000 267 8.2 -2.8 46 11.0 3.5 50 8 281.4 281.9 276.7 290.1 3.11 2 930 861 4.6 -4.4 52 9.0 1.0 108 12 283.6 284.1 277.7 292.0 2.96 3 925 905 4.4 -3.6 56 8.0 1.1 115 12 283.8 284.4 278.0 292.8 3.16 4 872 1382 0.8 -3.8 71 4.6 -1.1 67 5 284.9 285.5 278.8 294.3 3.31 5 866 1438 1.2 -7.8 51 9.0 -2.1 41 3 285.9 286.3 278.2 293.0 2.45 6 863 1466 2.6 -17.4 21 20.0 -3.4 27 2 287.6 287.8 277.2 291.1 1.13 7 862 1475 3.2 -21.8 14 25.0 -3.6 23 2 288.3 288.5 277.0 290.7 0.77 8 850 1589 3.4 -31.6 6 35.0 -4.4 80 2 289.7 289.8 277.0 290.8 0.32 9 832 1762 3.4 -36.6 3 40.0 -4.7 109 4 291.5 291.5 277.7 292.2 0.20 10 827 1811 3.6 -36.4 3 40.0 -4.6 117 5 292.2 292.2 278.1 292.9 0.21 11 767 2421 3.8 250 2 298.8 12 700 3158 0.4 -31.6 7 32.0 -7.1 330 8 302.9 303.0 283.1 304.3 0.39 13 683 3354 -0.7 -29.7 9 29.0 -7.7 325 10 303.8 303.9 283.6 305.5 0.48 14 660 3627 -1.9 -40.9 3 39.0 -9.2 321 9 305.5 305.5 283.8 306.1 0.16 15 657 3663 -1.9 -27.9 12 26.0 -8.4 320 9 305.9 306.0 284.5 307.9 0.59 16 653 3711 -2.1 -31.1 9 29.0 -8.8 319 10 306.2 306.3 284.4 307.7 0.44 17 650 3748 -2.1 -32.1 8 30.0 -8.9 319 10 306.6 306.7 284.5 308.0 0.40 18 648 3772 -2.3 -33.3 7 31.0 -9.2 318 11 306.6 306.7 284.5 307.9 0.36 19 640 3870 -2.9 -16.9 33 14.0 -7.5 317 12 307.0 307.3 286.1 312.2 1.59 20 583 4602 -6.9 -24.9 22 18.0 -11.6 318 21 310.7 310.8 286.6 313.6 0.87 21 536 5251 -11.7 -24.7 33 13.0 -15.0 327 24 312.5 312.7 287.3 315.8 0.96 22 500 5780 -14.7 -31.7 22 17.0 -18.1 330 26 315.1 315.2 287.8 317.0 0.54 23 488 5963 -15.7 -34.7 18 19.0 -19.1 334 28 316.1 316.2 287.9 317.6 0.41 24 479 6103 -16.3 -34.3 20 18.0 -19.6 330 31 317.0 317.1 288.3 318.6 0.44 25 478 6119 -16.3 -35.3 18 19.0 -19.7 330 31 317.2 317.3 288.3 318.6 0.40 26 400 7430 -27.1 -41.1 25 14.0 -28.7 335 35 319.8 319.8 289.0 320.7 0.26 27 385 7704 -29.1 -43.1 25 14.0 -30.6 334 35 320.7 320.7 289.2 321.5 0.22 28 355 8279 -33.1 -48.1 21 15.0 -34.3 331 37 322.8 322.8 289.8 323.3 0.14 29 353 8319 -33.5 -47.5 23 14.0 -34.6 331 37 322.8 322.8 289.8 323.4 0.15 30 300 9440 -42.3 -53.3 29 11.0 -42.8 320 39 325.7 325.8 290.6 326.1 0.09 31 270 10146 -48.1 -57.1 35 9.0 -48.4 317 40 327.3 327.3 291.0 327.5 0.06 32 267 10219 -48.7 -56.7 39 8.0 -49.0 317 40 327.4 327.5 291.0 327.7 0.07 33 265 10269 -49.1 -59.1 30 10.0 -49.4 317 40 327.6 327.6 291.1 327.8 0.05 34 258 10445 -50.5 -58.5 38 8.0 -50.7 316 40 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.2 0.06 35 255 10521 -50.9 -58.9 38 8.0 -51.1 316 40 328.5 328.5 291.3 328.7 0.05 36 250 10650 -51.7 -59.7 38 8.0 -51.9 315 40 329.2 329.2 291.5 329.4 0.05 37 249 10676 -51.9 -60.9 33 9.0 -52.1 315 40 329.3 329.3 291.6 329.5 0.04 38 244 10806 -53.1 -60.1 42 7.0 -53.2 315 40 329.4 329.4 291.6 329.6 0.05 39 242 10859 -53.3 -62.3 33 9.0 -53.5 315 40 329.9 329.9 291.7 330.0 0.04 40 229 11211 -55.9 -63.9 36 8.0 -56.1 315 40 331.2 331.2 292.0 331.3 0.03 41 226 11294 -56.3 -63.3 41 7.0 -56.4 315 39 331.8 331.8 292.2 331.9 0.03 42 221 11436 -57.3 -62.3 53 5.0 -57.4 315 39 332.4 332.4 292.4 332.6 0.04 43 220 11464 -57.7 -63.7 46 6.0 -57.8 315 39 332.2 332.2 292.3 332.3 0.03 44 218 11521 -58.1 -63.1 53 5.0 -58.2 315 39 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.6 0.04 45 215 11608 -58.5 -64.5 46 6.0 -58.6 315 39 333.2 333.2 292.6 333.3 0.03 46 212 11696 -58.9 -65.9 40 7.0 -59.0 315 39 333.9 333.9 292.8 334.0 0.03 47 205 11906 -59.5 -66.5 40 7.0 -59.6 310 44 336.2 336.2 293.4 336.3 0.02 48 203 11967 -58.7 -68.7 26 10.0 -58.8 308 46 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.4 0.02 49 200 12060 -58.7 -69.7 23 11.0 -58.8 305 48 339.8 339.8 294.3 339.9 0.02 50 198 12123 -58.7 -69.7 23 11.0 -58.8 305 49 340.8 340.8 294.5 340.9 0.02 51 196 12187 -57.3 -75.3 8 18.0 -57.5 305 49 344.0 344.0 295.3 344.0 0.01 52 193 12285 -56.9 -76.9 6 20.0 -57.1 305 50 346.2 346.2 295.8 346.2 0.01 53 182 12657 -55.7 -77.7 5 22.0 -56.0 305 53 354.0 354.0 297.5 354.0 0.01 54 163 13356 -58.1 -81.1 4 23.0 -58.3 310 52 361.3 361.3 299.0 361.3 0.00 55 152 13796 -57.3 -83.3 2 26.0 -57.6 314 51 370.0 370.0 300.5 370.0 0.00 56 150 13880 -57.9 -83.9 2 26.0 -58.2 315 51 370.3 370.3 300.6 370.3 0.00 57 137 14448 -60.9 -84.9 3 24.0 -61.1 310 49 374.8 374.8 301.4 374.8 0.00 58 112 15700 -61.3 -86.3 2 25.0 -61.5 298 45 396.2 396.2 304.7 396.2 0.00 59 100 16400 -63.5 -86.5 3 23.0 -63.7 310 38 405.0 405.0 305.9 405.0 0.00 60 97 16586 -63.9 -86.9 3 23.0 -64.1 302 36 407.8 407.8 306.2 407.8 0.00 61 94 16780 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -61.7 295 35 416.2 416.2 307.3 416.2 0.00 62 87 17260 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.8 298 29 427.5 427.5 308.6 427.5 0.00 63 72 18427 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.0 287 32 444.5 444.5 310.3 444.5 0.00 64 70 18600 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.6 300 32 449.0 449.0 310.7 449.0 0.00 65 64 19154 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 300 23 465.9 465.9 312.3 465.9 0.00 66 63 19252 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.5 304 22 472.4 472.4 312.8 472.4 0.00 67 55 20098 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 275 10 484.7 484.7 313.8 484.7 0.00 68 53 20328 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 280 13 492.6 492.6 314.4 492.6 0.00 69 51 20567 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.0 299 15 495.7 495.7 314.7 495.8 0.00 70 50 20690 -59.7 -89.7 1 30.0 -60.3 310 16 502.8 502.8 315.1 502.8 0.00 71 44 21496 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.6 312 16 528.8 528.8 316.9 528.9 0.00 72 40 22096 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.6 267 10 535.4 535.4 317.2 535.4 0.00 73 39 22255 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -59.0 222 10 543.9 543.9 317.8 543.9 0.00 74 39 22255 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.3 222 10 542.9 542.9 317.7 542.9 0.00 75 33 23312 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.2 267 11 576.3 576.3 319.5 576.4 0.01 76 32 23508 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.8 248 10 579.8 579.8 319.6 579.8 0.01 77 30 23920 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -55.8 270 21 597.2 597.2 320.5 597.2 0.01 78 29 24139 -52.7 -86.7 1 34.0 -54.8 260 18 606.8 606.8 320.9 606.9 0.01 79 28 24366 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -54.6 279 22 613.5 613.5 321.2 613.6 0.01 80 27 24600 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.8 285 23 616.0 616.0 321.3 616.0 0.01 81 20 26540 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -54.7 270 24 677.9 677.9 323.7 678.0 0.01 82 18 27226 -50.7 -85.7 1 35.0 -54.2 270 21 701.8 701.8 324.5 701.9 0.01 83 17 27598 -52.3 -86.3 1 34.0 -55.5 258 22 708.3 708.3 324.7 708.4 0.01 84 16 27992 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -54.4 256 26 726.5 726.5 325.3 726.6 0.02 85 15 28413 -51.1 -85.1 1 34.0 -55.0 264 30 738.1 738.1 325.6 738.2 0.02 86 14 28864 -49.5 -85.5 1 36.0 -54.1 274 35 758.2 758.2 326.1 758.3 0.02 87 14 28864 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -54.2 274 35 757.5 757.5 326.1 757.7 0.02 88 13 29353 -46.5 -83.5 1 37.0 -52.5 279 24 784.8 784.8 326.8 785.1 0.03 89 13 29353 -46.3 -83.3 1 37.0 -52.4 279 24 785.5 785.5 326.9 785.8 0.03 90 12 29885 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -53.1 255 16 801.6 801.6 327.3 801.8 0.03 91 10 31100 -44.7 -82.7 1 38.0 -52.5 270 26 852.7 852.7 328.5 853.1 0.04 92 9.7 31303 -45.3 -83.3 1 38.0 -53.0 270 27 857.9 857.9 328.5 858.3 0.04 93 8.1 32508 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -53.4 267 32 906.5 906.5 329.5 906.9 0.05 94 7.9 32676 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -52.6 267 33 920.1 920.2 329.8 920.7 0.05 95 7.6 32936 -44.3 -83.3 1 39.0 -53.5 266 34 923.9 924.0 329.9 924.5 0.05 96 7.3 33207 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -52.9 266 35 942.0 942.0 330.2 942.6 0.06 97 7.1 33394 -43.1 -83.1 0 40.0 -53.3 265 36 947.0 947.1 330.3 947.6 0.06 98 7.0 33490 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -53.1 265 36 953.4 953.4 330.4 954.0 0.06 99 6.9 33588 -40.5 -81.5 0 41.0 -52.3 965.6 965.6 330.6 966.4 0.08 100 6.6 33891 -40.5 -81.5 0 41.0 -52.5 977.9 978.0 330.8 978.8 0.08 101 5.9 34653 -41.5 -82.5 0 41.0 -53.5 1005.5 1005.5 331.3 1006.3 0.07 TRP 205 11906 -59.5 -66.5 40 7.0 -59.6 310 44 336.2 336.2 293.4 336.3 0.02 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5513.00 m Freezing level: 693.82 mb = 3229.38 m = 10594.96 ft Wetbulb zero: 898.73 mb = 1138.07 m = 3733.79 ft Precipitable water: 0.29 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 30.71 % Est. max temperature: 16.37 C = 61.46 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 863.07 mb = 1465.22 m = 4807.09 ft T: 2.57 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.76 C/km ThetaE index: 3.60 C Layer 866.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 544.17 mb = 5134.47 m = 16845.17 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.08 g/kg Conv temperature: 39.56 C = 103.21 F Cap Strength: 19.04 C Lifted Index: 20.38 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 24.30 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 15.03 C Showalter Index: 20.84 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 1.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.10 C Cross Totals Index: -16.90 C K Index: -45.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 30.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.57 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 9.12 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.27 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 61714.99 J/kg Cap Strength: 20.18 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 825.26 mb = 1828.18 m = 5997.88 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 4 at 10 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1006 215 35 8 -4.6 -6.6 | 131 5 -4.0 3.5 1 1000 267 50 8 -6.1 -5.1 | 131 7 -5.5 4.9 2 959 610 65 15 -13.6 -6.3 | 106 13 -13.0 3.7 3 925 905 115 12 -10.9 5.1 | 146 18 -10.3 15.1 4 924 914 115 12 -10.9 5.1 | 146 18 -10.3 15.1 5 890 1219 145 10 -5.7 8.2 | 164 19 -5.1 18.2 6 857 1524 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 184 10 0.6 10.0 7 850 1589 80 2 -2.0 -0.3 | 172 10 -1.4 9.7 8 825 1829 120 5 -4.3 2.5 | 163 13 -3.7 12.5 9 795 2134 100 3 -3.0 0.5 | 167 11 -2.3 10.5 10 765 2438 260 2 2.0 0.3 | 194 11 2.6 10.4 11 737 2743 305 3 2.5 -1.7 | 200 9 3.1 8.3 12 700 3158 330 8 4.0 -6.9 | 236 6 4.6 3.1 13 683 3353 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 254 7 6.4 1.8 14 657 3658 320 9 5.8 -6.9 | 244 7 6.4 3.1 15 607 4267 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 278 15 15.2 -2.2 16 561 4877 325 22 12.6 -18.0 | 301 15 13.2 -8.0 17 500 5780 330 26 13.0 -22.5 | 313 18 13.6 -12.5 18 499 5791 340 25 8.6 -23.5 | 326 16 9.2 -13.5 19 479 6096 330 31 15.5 -26.8 | 316 23 16.1 -16.8 20 441 6706 315 34 24.0 -24.0 | 300 28 24.7 -14.0 21 400 7430 335 35 14.8 -31.7 | 325 27 15.4 -21.7 22 389 7620 335 35 14.8 -31.7 | 325 27 15.4 -21.7 23 313 9144 325 39 22.4 -31.9 | 314 32 23.0 -21.9 24 300 9440 320 39 25.1 -29.9 | 308 32 25.7 -19.9 25 250 10650 315 40 28.3 -28.3 | 302 34 28.9 -18.3 26 206 11887 315 39 27.6 -27.6 | 302 33 28.2 -17.6 27 205 11906 310 44 33.7 -28.3 | 298 39 34.3 -18.3 28 200 12060 305 48 39.3 -27.5 | 294 44 39.9 -17.5 29 178 12802 305 54 44.2 -31.0 | 295 50 44.9 -21.0 30 150 13880 315 51 36.1 -36.1 | 305 45 36.7 -26.1 31 147 14021 315 49 34.6 -34.6 | 305 43 35.3 -24.6 32 121 15240 300 48 41.6 -24.0 | 288 44 42.2 -14.0 33 115 15545 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 283 44 43.2 -9.9 34 100 16400 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 296 33 29.7 -14.4 35 94 16764 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 278 33 32.3 -4.8 36 81 17678 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 274 21 20.5 -1.5 37 77 17983 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 256 31 30.5 7.4 38 74 18288 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 261 31 30.2 4.8 39 70 18593 295 34 30.8 -14.4 | 278 32 31.4 -4.4 40 70 18600 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 282 29 28.3 -6.0 41 64 19202 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 273 20 19.7 -1.0 42 58 19812 350 17 3.0 -16.7 | 332 8 3.6 -6.7 43 55 20117 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 227 15 10.6 10.0 44 52 20422 285 14 13.5 -3.6 | 246 16 14.1 6.4 45 50 20690 310 16 12.3 -10.3 | 271 13 12.9 -0.3 46 50 20726 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 251 20 19.3 6.7 47 47 21031 290 20 18.8 -6.8 | 261 20 19.4 3.2 48 45 21336 325 9 5.2 -7.4 | 246 6 5.8 2.6 49 43 21641 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 274 21 20.5 -1.5 50 41 21946 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 249 8 7.7 2.9 51 39 22250 220 10 6.4 7.7 | 202 19 7.0 17.7 52 37 22555 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 240 15 13.4 7.7 53 35 22860 265 14 13.9 1.2 | 232 18 14.6 11.2 54 34 23165 290 12 11.3 -4.1 | 244 13 11.9 5.9 55 32 23470 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 214 17 9.7 14.2 56 31 23774 270 12 12.0 -0.0 | 232 16 12.6 10.0 57 30 23920 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 245 24 21.6 10.0 58 29 24079 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 230 22 17.0 14.4 59 28 24384 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 254 23 22.3 6.2 60 25 24994 295 25 22.7 -10.6 | 271 23 23.3 -0.6 61 24 25298 290 23 21.6 -7.9 | 265 22 22.2 2.1 62 23 25603 305 19 15.6 -10.9 | 273 16 16.2 -0.9 63 22 25908 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 225 19 13.2 13.4 64 21 26213 240 15 13.0 7.5 | 218 22 13.6 17.5 65 20 26540 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 248 27 24.6 10.0 66 19 26822 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 248 27 24.6 10.0 67 17 27432 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 244 23 20.6 10.0 68 17 27737 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 231 29 22.2 17.9 69 14 28956 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 259 37 36.5 6.9 70 13 29261 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 263 26 25.7 3.3 71 12 29870 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 229 21 16.1 14.1 72 10 31100 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 249 28 26.6 10.0 73 7 33490 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 250 39 36.5 13.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 333.5 at 13.4 knts Storm direction: 3.5 at 10.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.6 neg: 1.3 tot: 3.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 111.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 121.1 neg: -32.8 tot: 88.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 29.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.36 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.3 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.22 Bulk Shear: 41.01 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 62 12 115 11| 10.7 0.0 10.7| 14.9 -9.0 5.9 11.7 0.01| 14.2 0.2 1000 88 12 131 15| 7.6 0.0 7.6| 75.6 -9.0 66.6 66.6 0.48| 14.0 6.8 1500 95 9 142 14| 5.1 2.7 7.8| 88.7 -31.9 56.8 37.9 0.25| 16.1 4.0 2000 98 8 147 13| 4.2 2.0 6.2| 95.9 -32.8 63.1 31.6 0.26| 13.6 3.5 2500 97 7 151 12| 2.8 1.6 4.4|111.3 -32.8 78.5 31.4 0.32| 12.2 3.9 3000 86 7 148 11| 1.6 1.3 3.0|121.1 -32.8 88.2 29.4 0.36| 11.3 4.1 4000 14 8 152 3| 1.2 2.1 3.4|136.2 -34.2 101.9 25.5 0.38| 9.9 3.8 5000 336 11 266 5| 0.6 1.7 2.3|167.3 -34.2 133.0 26.6 0.43| 8.8 3.8 6000 334 13 287 7| 0.6 1.9 2.5|194.4 -59.4 135.0 22.5 0.38| 8.7 3.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251010.00.gif