UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025100912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 9 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 9 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1006 215 6.2 1.6 72 4.6 4.1 70 3 278.9 279.6 277.0 290.6 4.26 1 1000 270 7.2 -0.8 57 8.0 3.7 70 12 280.4 281.0 276.9 290.4 3.60 2 995 311 8.0 -3.0 46 11.0 3.4 69 12 281.6 282.1 276.8 290.2 3.07 3 925 908 2.8 -3.2 65 6.0 0.4 50 16 282.2 282.7 277.3 291.4 3.26 4 860 1492 -2.7 -3.9 91 1.2 -3.2 31 15 282.4 282.9 277.6 291.8 3.33 5 850 1585 -3.3 -5.6 84 2.3 -4.1 15 16 282.7 283.2 277.2 291.1 2.96 6 848 1604 -3.5 -6.1 82 2.6 -4.4 13 16 282.7 283.2 277.0 290.8 2.85 7 840 1678 -3.5 -9.5 63 6.0 -5.5 5 17 283.4 283.8 276.6 289.8 2.21 8 834 1735 -3.5 -15.5 39 12.0 -7.0 359 17 284.0 284.3 275.7 288.1 1.37 9 828 1792 -3.5 -18.5 30 15.0 -7.5 354 18 284.6 284.8 275.5 287.8 1.07 10 827 1802 -3.3 -20.3 26 17.0 -7.7 353 18 284.9 285.1 275.5 287.7 0.92 11 824 1830 -2.9 -27.9 13 25.0 -8.2 350 18 285.6 285.7 275.2 287.1 0.47 12 812 1947 -1.1 -30.1 9 29.0 -7.2 346 20 288.7 288.8 276.6 290.0 0.39 13 805 2016 -0.7 -33.7 6 33.0 -7.2 344 20 289.9 289.9 277.0 290.8 0.28 14 780 2268 0.8 -40.2 3 41.0 -6.7 338 23 294.1 294.2 278.9 294.6 0.15 15 739 2701 0.2 -33.8 6 34.0 -7.1 335 27 298.0 298.1 280.9 299.1 0.30 16 729 2810 0.4 -43.6 2 44.0 -7.4 334 27 299.4 299.5 281.3 299.8 0.11 17 700 3134 -0.9 -35.9 5 35.0 -8.1 330 26 301.5 301.5 282.3 302.4 0.25 18 665 3542 -2.3 -31.3 9 29.0 -8.9 326 26 304.4 304.4 283.7 305.8 0.42 19 634 3919 -4.5 -43.5 3 39.0 -11.1 323 28 306.0 306.1 284.0 306.5 0.13 20 622 4069 -5.5 -30.5 12 25.0 -11.1 322 29 306.6 306.7 284.7 308.2 0.49 21 598 4377 -6.7 -37.7 6 31.0 -12.5 320 32 308.7 308.7 285.1 309.5 0.25 22 592 4455 -7.3 -34.3 10 27.0 -12.8 320 33 308.9 308.9 285.4 310.1 0.35 23 590 4482 -7.5 -18.5 41 11.0 -10.9 320 34 308.9 309.2 286.7 313.8 1.51 24 586 4535 -7.9 -17.9 44 10.0 -11.0 320 34 309.1 309.4 286.8 314.3 1.60 25 579 4628 -8.3 -20.3 37 12.0 -11.8 320 35 309.7 309.9 286.7 314.0 1.31 26 540 5165 -12.1 -23.1 39 11.0 -15.0 317 40 311.4 311.6 287.1 315.1 1.10 27 520 5453 -13.3 -25.3 36 12.0 -16.2 313 42 313.3 313.5 287.6 316.5 0.94 28 510 5600 -14.3 -26.3 35 12.0 -17.1 312 42 313.8 314.0 287.7 316.8 0.88 29 500 5750 -15.9 -26.9 38 11.0 -18.3 310 43 313.7 313.8 287.6 316.5 0.84 30 473 6166 -19.3 -29.3 41 10.0 -21.2 310 44 314.5 314.6 287.8 316.9 0.71 31 468 6245 -19.9 -26.9 54 7.0 -21.4 310 45 314.7 314.8 288.0 317.8 0.90 32 465 6292 -20.1 -28.1 49 8.0 -21.7 310 45 315.0 315.2 288.0 317.8 0.81 33 452 6502 -22.1 -28.1 58 6.0 -23.3 310 46 315.1 315.2 288.1 317.9 0.84 34 439 6716 -23.7 -30.7 53 7.0 -24.9 310 47 315.7 315.8 288.1 318.0 0.67 35 429 6884 -24.5 -36.5 32 12.0 -26.2 310 48 316.7 316.8 288.1 318.1 0.39 36 413 7160 -26.7 -37.7 35 11.0 -28.1 310 49 317.4 317.4 288.3 318.7 0.36 37 404 7319 -28.1 -41.1 28 13.0 -29.5 310 50 317.6 317.6 288.2 318.5 0.26 38 400 7390 -28.5 -39.5 34 11.0 -29.8 310 50 317.9 318.0 288.5 319.1 0.31 39 393 7516 -29.7 -39.7 37 10.0 -30.8 307 51 318.0 318.0 288.5 319.1 0.31 40 370 7944 -31.9 -45.9 24 14.0 -33.1 306 53 320.6 320.6 289.1 321.2 0.17 41 332 8699 -37.9 -49.9 27 12.0 -38.7 309 58 322.5 322.5 289.6 322.9 0.12 42 324 8867 -39.0 -51.8 25 12.8 -39.7 310 59 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.6 0.10 43 303 9323 -42.1 -57.1 18 15.0 -42.7 310 55 325.1 325.1 290.3 325.3 0.06 44 300 9390 -42.7 -56.7 20 14.0 -43.3 310 54 325.2 325.2 290.4 325.4 0.06 45 297 9458 -43.3 -58.3 18 15.0 -43.9 310 54 325.3 325.3 290.4 325.5 0.05 46 286 9711 -45.3 -56.3 28 11.0 -45.7 310 54 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.2 0.07 47 267 10168 -47.5 -60.5 21 13.0 -47.9 310 53 329.2 329.2 291.5 329.4 0.04 48 264 10243 -48.1 -59.1 27 11.0 -48.4 310 53 329.4 329.4 291.6 329.6 0.05 49 256 10445 -49.7 -58.7 34 9.0 -50.0 310 53 329.9 329.9 291.7 330.2 0.05 50 255 10471 -49.9 -60.9 26 11.0 -50.2 310 53 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.2 0.04 51 250 10600 -50.7 -61.7 26 11.0 -51.0 310 53 330.7 330.7 291.9 330.8 0.04 52 244 10757 -52.1 -62.1 29 10.0 -52.3 310 53 330.9 330.9 292.0 331.1 0.04 53 235 10998 -53.7 -63.7 28 10.0 -53.9 310 53 332.1 332.1 292.3 332.2 0.03 54 231 11108 -54.3 -65.3 25 11.0 -54.5 310 52 332.8 332.8 292.5 332.9 0.03 55 225 11275 -54.9 -63.9 32 9.0 -55.1 310 52 334.4 334.4 292.9 334.5 0.03 56 220 11418 -55.7 -65.7 28 10.0 -55.9 310 52 335.3 335.3 293.2 335.4 0.03 57 219 11447 -55.3 -66.3 24 11.0 -55.5 310 52 336.3 336.4 293.4 336.4 0.02 58 210 11712 -56.9 -67.9 24 11.0 -57.1 305 48 337.9 337.9 293.8 338.0 0.02 59 200 12020 -56.5 -72.5 12 16.0 -56.7 305 51 343.3 343.3 295.1 343.3 0.01 60 150 13850 -56.1 -83.1 2 27.0 -56.4 300 53 373.4 373.4 301.2 373.4 0.00 61 100 16390 -61.3 -86.3 2 25.0 -61.6 290 32 409.3 409.3 306.4 409.3 0.00 62 87 17254 -62.3 -87.3 2 25.0 -62.6 274 28 423.9 423.9 308.2 423.9 0.00 63 75 18180 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.7 291 20 448.6 448.6 310.7 448.6 0.00 64 70 18610 -61.9 -87.9 2 26.0 -62.2 280 11 452.0 452.0 311.0 452.0 0.00 65 64 19162 -63.9 -88.9 2 25.0 -64.2 256 18 459.3 459.3 311.7 459.3 0.00 66 58 19768 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.7 292 23 476.0 476.0 313.1 476.0 0.00 67 56 19986 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 304 23 484.9 484.9 313.8 484.9 0.00 68 54 20212 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 313 21 487.2 487.2 314.0 487.3 0.00 69 50 20690 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 0 0 500.9 500.9 315.0 500.9 0.00 70 49 20815 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -61.0 7 7 503.8 503.8 315.2 503.8 0.00 71 48 20943 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.2 3 3 503.9 503.9 315.2 503.9 0.00 72 41 21922 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.7 224 11 534.2 534.2 317.2 534.2 0.00 73 38 22397 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -59.9 261 13 545.4 545.4 317.8 545.4 0.00 74 34 23097 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.5 267 20 570.4 570.4 319.2 570.4 0.01 75 33 23286 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.9 269 22 574.2 574.2 319.4 574.2 0.01 76 30 23890 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.3 295 13 592.2 592.2 320.3 592.3 0.01 77 28 24330 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.4 302 11 604.0 604.1 320.8 604.1 0.01 78 26 24804 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -56.2 279 10 621.5 621.5 321.6 621.6 0.01 79 23 25589 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.5 292 12 639.6 639.6 322.3 639.7 0.01 80 20 26490 -51.3 -85.3 1 34.0 -54.4 255 14 679.1 679.2 323.7 679.2 0.01 81 19 26822 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -55.1 280 19 686.7 686.7 324.0 686.8 0.01 82 18 27172 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -53.8 257 23 703.7 703.7 324.6 703.8 0.02 83 14 28815 -48.7 -83.7 1 35.0 -53.6 317 21 760.9 760.9 326.3 761.1 0.03 84 14 28815 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -53.9 317 21 759.5 759.6 326.2 759.7 0.02 85 13 29303 -46.5 -83.5 1 37.0 -52.5 255 19 784.8 784.8 326.8 785.1 0.03 86 12 29829 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -55.2 255 37 788.8 788.8 327.0 789.0 0.03 87 11 30399 -48.1 -84.1 1 36.0 -54.1 261 34 817.4 817.4 327.7 817.7 0.03 88 10 31030 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -52.8 250 38 851.2 851.2 328.4 851.6 0.04 89 10 31030 -44.3 -83.3 1 39.0 -52.4 250 38 854.2 854.2 328.5 854.5 0.04 90 7.0 33416 -45.3 -83.3 1 38.0 -54.4 941.8 941.8 330.2 942.4 0.05 TRP 210 11712 -56.9 -67.9 24 11.0 -57.1 305 48 337.9 337.9 293.8 338.0 0.02 WND 324 8867 -39.0 -51.8 25 12.8 -39.7 310 59 323.2 323.2 289.8 323.6 0.10 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5480.00 m Freezing level: 891.91 mb = 1205.44 m = 3954.82 ft Freezing level: 793.33 mb = 2133.47 m = 6999.50 ft Freezing level: 720.08 mb = 2909.47 m = 9545.39 ft Wetbulb zero: 918.19 mb = 967.24 m = 3173.33 ft Precipitable water: 0.32 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 30.57 % Est. max temperature: 9.83 C = 49.70 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 937.36 mb = 799.42 m = 2622.73 ft T: 3.75 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.73 C/km ThetaE index: 4.67 C Layer 850.0- 812.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 563.77 mb = 4833.30 m = 15857.09 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.24 g/kg Conv temperature: 37.69 C = 99.85 F Cap Strength: 20.02 C Lifted Index: 19.65 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 24.34 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.14 C Showalter Index: 19.47 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 22.90 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 12.60 C Cross Totals Index: 10.30 C K Index: -28.00 Risk: None Sweat Index: 75.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.43 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 5.31 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.26 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 59398.89 J/kg Cap Strength: 19.89 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 846.64 mb = 1616.24 m = 5302.55 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 0 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1006 215 70 3 -2.8 -1.0 | 172 20 -2.7 19.6 1 1000 270 70 12 -11.3 -4.1 | 146 20 -11.2 16.6 2 959 610 60 16 -13.9 -8.0 | 133 19 -13.8 12.7 3 925 908 50 16 -12.3 -10.3 | 130 16 -12.2 10.4 4 924 914 50 16 -12.3 -10.3 | 130 16 -12.2 10.4 5 890 1219 35 14 -8.0 -11.5 | 139 12 -8.0 9.2 6 857 1524 30 15 -7.5 -13.0 | 136 11 -7.4 7.7 7 850 1585 15 16 -4.1 -15.5 | 142 7 -4.1 5.2 8 824 1829 350 18 3.1 -17.7 | 227 4 3.2 2.9 9 794 2134 340 22 7.5 -20.7 | 270 8 7.6 -0.0 10 764 2438 335 25 10.6 -22.7 | 281 11 10.6 -2.0 11 735 2743 335 27 11.4 -24.5 | 288 12 11.5 -3.8 12 700 3134 330 26 13.0 -22.5 | 278 13 13.1 -1.8 13 654 3658 325 26 14.9 -21.3 | 272 15 15.0 -0.6 14 605 4267 320 31 19.9 -23.7 | 279 20 20.0 -3.1 15 559 4877 320 39 25.1 -29.9 | 290 27 25.1 -9.2 16 500 5750 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 282 34 33.0 -7.0 17 477 6096 310 44 33.7 -28.3 | 283 35 33.8 -7.6 18 400 7390 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 287 40 38.4 -11.5 19 387 7620 305 51 41.8 -29.3 | 282 43 41.9 -8.6 20 324 8867 310 59 45.2 -37.9 | 291 48 45.3 -17.3 21 311 9144 310 58 44.4 -37.3 | 290 48 44.5 -16.6 22 300 9390 310 54 41.4 -34.7 | 289 44 41.4 -14.0 23 250 10600 310 53 40.6 -34.1 | 288 43 40.7 -13.4 24 214 11582 310 52 39.8 -33.4 | 288 42 39.9 -12.8 25 210 11712 305 48 39.3 -27.5 | 280 40 39.4 -6.9 26 200 12020 305 51 41.8 -29.3 | 282 43 41.9 -8.6 27 177 12802 300 44 38.1 -22.0 | 272 38 38.2 -1.3 28 169 13106 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 255 48 46.4 12.5 29 150 13850 300 53 45.9 -26.5 | 277 46 46.0 -5.8 30 132 14630 300 51 44.2 -25.5 | 276 45 44.2 -4.8 31 120 15240 285 48 46.4 -12.4 | 260 47 46.4 8.2 32 114 15545 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 271 45 45.4 -0.5 33 109 15850 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 257 31 30.0 6.7 34 104 16154 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 255 48 46.4 12.5 35 100 16390 290 32 30.1 -10.9 | 252 32 30.1 9.7 36 94 16764 290 32 30.1 -10.9 | 252 32 30.1 9.7 37 85 17374 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 233 34 27.1 20.7 38 81 17678 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 244 35 31.6 15.1 39 77 17983 285 26 25.1 -6.7 | 241 29 25.2 13.9 40 74 18288 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 229 21 15.5 13.5 41 70 18593 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 221 22 14.6 16.8 42 70 18610 280 11 10.8 -1.9 | 210 22 10.9 18.8 43 67 18898 260 14 13.8 2.4 | 211 27 13.9 23.1 44 64 19202 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 216 32 18.4 25.6 45 58 19812 295 23 20.8 -9.7 | 242 24 20.9 11.0 46 55 20117 310 23 17.6 -14.8 | 252 19 17.7 5.9 47 52 20422 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 231 13 10.4 8.4 48 50 20690 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 180 21 0.1 20.7 49 50 20726 10 10 -1.7 -9.8 | 171 11 -1.7 10.8 50 47 21031 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 180 21 0.1 20.7 51 45 21336 255 8 7.7 2.1 | 199 24 7.8 22.7 52 43 21641 195 10 2.6 9.7 | 185 30 2.7 30.3 53 41 21946 225 11 7.8 7.8 | 195 30 7.9 28.5 54 39 22250 260 11 10.8 1.9 | 206 25 10.9 22.6 55 32 23470 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 229 32 24.1 20.7 56 31 23774 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 233 20 15.7 11.7 57 30 23890 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 218 19 11.9 15.2 58 29 24079 285 20 19.3 -5.2 | 231 25 19.4 15.5 59 28 24384 305 9 7.4 -5.2 | 206 17 7.4 15.5 60 26 24689 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 204 25 9.9 22.4 61 25 24994 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 209 16 7.7 14.2 62 24 25298 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 209 20 9.5 17.3 63 22 25908 295 14 12.7 -5.9 | 221 20 12.8 14.8 64 21 26213 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 209 25 12.0 21.7 65 20 26490 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 209 28 13.6 24.3 66 20 26518 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 230 29 22.0 18.8 67 19 26822 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 227 26 18.8 17.4 68 18 27127 255 22 21.3 5.7 | 219 34 21.3 26.4 69 17 27432 265 30 29.9 2.6 | 232 38 30.0 23.3 70 17 27737 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 264 26 25.5 2.9 71 15 28346 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 246 20 18.1 8.1 72 14 28651 320 23 14.8 -17.6 | 258 15 14.9 3.1 73 14 28956 315 20 14.1 -14.1 | 245 16 14.2 6.5 74 13 29261 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 213 30 16.5 25.1 75 12 29870 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 230 48 36.8 30.5 76 11 30175 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 234 40 32.0 23.5 77 10 31030 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 227 49 35.8 33.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 330.2 at 27.6 knts Storm direction: 0.2 at 20.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 0.0 neg: 4.6 tot: 4.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 105.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 29.7 neg: -81.3 tot: -51.6 m^2/s^2 ave: -17.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: -0.02 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.2 stream: -0.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 130.72 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 63 14 140 19| 0.0 13.5 13.5| 0.0 -69.9 -69.9 -139.9 -0.94| 15.1-14.2 1000 55 15 136 17| 0.0 6.0 6.0| 7.4 -71.6 -64.2 -64.2 -0.58| 10.7 -6.3 1500 44 15 135 14| 0.0 5.6 5.6| 12.7 -73.4 -60.7 -40.4 -0.30| 10.5 -3.1 2000 26 16 132 9| 0.0 5.9 5.9| 22.7 -73.4 -50.7 -25.3 -0.02| 10.5 -0.2 2500 11 18 133 5| 0.0 5.6 5.6| 29.7 -73.4 -43.7 -17.5 0.03| 9.3 0.3 3000 1 19 171 1| 0.0 4.6 4.6| 29.7 -81.3 -51.6 -17.2 -0.02| 8.2 -0.1 4000 348 21 272 5| 0.0 4.1 4.1| 37.3 -85.2 -47.9 -12.0 -0.00| 7.1 -0.0 5000 338 24 282 9| 0.0 4.3 4.3| 65.0 -95.7 -30.8 -6.2 0.04| 6.8 0.3 6000 330 28 283 14| 0.0 4.0 4.0| 70.7-117.9 -47.2 -7.9 0.01| 6.3 0.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251009.12.gif