UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025100812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 8 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 8 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 171 320 5 SFC 994 215 10.6 8.0 84 2.6 9.2 320 5 284.2 285.4 282.6 303.0 6.78 2 987 275 12.4 4.4 58 8.0 8.3 325 7 286.6 287.5 282.0 301.6 5.31 3 982 318 13.0 3.0 51 10.0 7.9 329 9 287.6 288.5 281.9 301.4 4.83 4 939 696 9.8 1.8 57 8.0 5.9 353 22 288.1 288.9 281.9 301.3 4.64 5 925 822 9.0 -1.0 49 10.0 4.4 350 25 288.5 289.2 281.1 299.6 3.84 6 922 849 8.8 -2.2 46 11.0 3.9 350 25 288.6 289.2 280.8 298.8 3.52 7 900 1048 7.8 -4.2 42 12.0 2.7 350 23 289.5 290.1 280.7 298.6 3.11 8 895 1094 7.4 -4.6 42 12.0 2.3 350 23 289.6 290.1 280.7 298.5 3.03 9 893 1112 7.2 -4.8 42 12.0 2.1 350 22 289.6 290.1 280.6 298.3 2.99 10 882 1214 6.4 -7.6 36 14.0 0.8 350 21 289.8 290.2 280.0 297.0 2.44 11 871 1317 5.8 -5.2 45 11.0 1.2 347 20 290.2 290.7 280.8 298.9 2.98 12 850 1516 4.0 -3.0 60 7.0 1.0 340 19 290.3 291.0 281.7 300.8 3.60 13 805 1955 -0.3 -0.8 96 0.5 -0.5 327 15 290.3 291.1 282.7 303.3 4.48 14 793 2075 -0.5 -4.4 75 3.9 -2.1 319 16 291.3 292.0 282.0 301.5 3.48 15 777 2237 -1.9 -5.1 79 3.2 -3.2 310 17 291.5 292.1 282.0 301.4 3.36 16 770 2309 -2.5 -6.7 73 4.2 -4.1 307 17 291.7 292.2 281.5 300.5 3.00 17 765 2361 -2.7 -8.7 63 6.0 -4.9 304 17 292.0 292.4 281.2 299.7 2.59 18 762 2392 -1.9 -10.9 50 9.0 -5.1 303 18 293.2 293.6 281.2 299.8 2.18 19 734 2689 -3.7 -10.7 58 7.0 -6.2 288 19 294.4 294.8 281.9 301.3 2.30 20 725 2786 -4.1 -13.1 50 9.0 -7.1 288 20 295.0 295.3 281.7 300.8 1.92 21 719 2852 -3.7 -13.7 46 10.0 -7.0 292 22 296.1 296.4 282.1 301.8 1.84 22 714 2907 -3.7 -17.7 33 14.0 -7.9 296 24 296.7 296.9 281.7 300.9 1.33 23 712 2929 -3.7 -16.7 36 13.0 -7.7 297 24 296.9 297.2 282.0 301.5 1.45 24 708 2974 -2.3 -28.3 12 26.0 -8.4 300 26 299.0 299.1 281.6 300.7 0.52 25 701 3053 -2.3 -33.3 7 31.0 -8.8 305 27 299.8 299.9 281.7 300.9 0.33 26 700 3064 -2.3 -33.3 7 31.0 -8.8 305 26 299.9 300.0 281.8 301.1 0.33 27 698 3087 -2.5 -26.5 14 24.0 -8.4 304 26 300.0 300.1 282.2 302.0 0.63 28 692 3155 -2.3 -39.3 4 37.0 -9.2 302 27 300.9 301.0 282.0 301.6 0.18 29 682 3270 -3.1 -24.1 18 21.0 -8.6 298 28 301.3 301.4 283.0 303.9 0.80 30 678 3317 -3.3 -24.3 18 21.0 -8.8 297 28 301.6 301.7 283.1 304.2 0.79 31 627 3933 -4.3 -36.3 6 32.0 -10.7 276 33 307.2 307.3 284.7 308.2 0.27 32 584 4488 -8.9 -34.9 10 26.0 -13.9 262 36 308.2 308.3 285.1 309.4 0.34 33 551 4934 -13.1 -29.1 25 16.0 -16.4 256 39 308.4 308.5 285.5 310.5 0.63 34 548 4975 -13.3 -29.3 25 16.0 -16.6 257 38 308.6 308.7 285.6 310.7 0.62 35 545 5017 -13.3 -37.3 11 24.0 -17.3 258 38 309.1 309.2 285.4 310.1 0.28 36 535 5158 -13.9 -39.9 9 26.0 -17.9 262 36 310.0 310.1 285.6 310.8 0.22 37 528 5258 -14.3 -39.3 10 25.0 -18.2 264 35 310.7 310.8 285.9 311.6 0.24 38 524 5316 -13.7 -48.7 3 35.0 -18.1 266 35 312.1 312.1 286.2 312.5 0.09 39 522 5345 -13.9 -49.9 3 36.0 -18.3 266 34 312.2 312.2 286.2 312.5 0.08 40 518 5403 -13.9 -41.9 7 28.0 -18.1 268 34 312.9 312.9 286.6 313.6 0.19 41 516 5432 -14.1 -37.1 12 23.0 -18.0 269 34 313.0 313.1 286.8 314.1 0.31 42 503 5625 -16.1 -24.1 50 8.0 -18.0 263 38 312.9 313.1 287.6 316.5 1.08 43 500 5670 -16.5 -23.5 55 7.0 -18.2 260 40 312.9 313.1 287.7 316.8 1.15 44 471 6117 -20.9 -25.3 68 4.4 -21.8 255 44 312.9 313.1 287.5 316.4 1.04 45 458 6324 -22.3 -26.3 70 4.0 -23.1 250 47 313.6 313.8 287.8 316.9 0.97 46 453 6405 -22.5 -28.5 58 6.0 -23.7 248 48 314.4 314.5 287.8 317.1 0.80 47 443 6569 -23.7 -30.7 53 7.0 -24.9 244 51 314.9 315.0 287.8 317.2 0.67 48 441 6602 -24.1 -30.1 58 6.0 -25.1 243 51 314.8 314.9 287.8 317.2 0.71 49 433 6736 -25.3 -32.3 52 7.0 -26.4 240 53 314.9 315.0 287.8 316.9 0.59 50 430 6786 -25.5 -35.5 39 10.0 -26.9 241 53 315.3 315.3 287.7 316.8 0.43 51 427 6837 -25.3 -41.3 21 16.0 -27.2 242 53 316.1 316.2 287.8 317.0 0.24 52 418 6992 -26.1 -41.1 23 15.0 -27.9 245 53 317.1 317.1 288.1 318.0 0.25 53 400 7310 -28.9 -40.9 31 12.0 -30.2 250 54 317.4 317.5 288.2 318.4 0.27 54 390 7490 -30.7 -40.7 37 10.0 -31.7 250 57 317.4 317.4 288.2 318.4 0.28 55 384 7600 -31.1 -44.1 27 13.0 -32.3 250 59 318.3 318.3 288.4 319.0 0.20 56 300 9310 -41.7 -63.7 7 22.0 -42.5 245 69 326.6 326.6 290.7 326.7 0.02 57 262 10219 -46.3 -65.7 9 19.4 -46.8 245 74 332.7 332.7 292.4 332.8 0.02 58 256 10373 -47.1 -66.1 10 19.0 -47.6 245 70 333.8 333.8 292.7 333.9 0.02 59 250 10530 -46.7 -69.7 6 23.0 -47.2 245 71 336.6 336.6 293.5 336.7 0.01 60 200 12000 -48.5 -76.5 2 28.0 -49.1 260 60 356.0 356.0 297.9 356.0 0.01 61 150 13860 -56.1 -82.1 2 26.0 -56.4 250 57 373.4 373.4 301.2 373.4 0.00 62 100 16410 -61.9 -85.9 3 24.0 -62.1 275 35 408.1 408.1 306.3 408.1 0.00 63 95 16728 -60.7 -85.7 2 25.0 -61.0 284 31 416.5 416.5 307.3 416.5 0.00 64 79 17865 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 279 23 432.5 432.5 309.1 432.5 0.00 65 75 18185 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 288 25 443.5 443.5 310.3 443.6 0.00 66 70 18610 -63.7 -87.7 2 24.0 -64.0 260 26 448.1 448.1 310.7 448.1 0.00 67 69 18698 -63.9 -87.9 2 24.0 -64.1 260 24 449.5 449.5 310.8 449.5 0.00 68 62 19355 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 293 29 468.8 468.8 312.5 468.8 0.00 69 57 19872 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.0 274 13 475.2 475.2 313.1 475.2 0.00 70 52 20437 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 270 18 493.9 493.9 314.5 493.9 0.00 71 50 20680 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 300 24 499.5 499.5 314.9 499.5 0.00 72 42 21765 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.3 24 8 526.0 526.0 316.7 526.0 0.00 73 41 21915 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.9 64 3 533.7 533.7 317.2 533.7 0.00 74 38 22391 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.4 33 4 543.8 543.9 317.8 543.9 0.00 75 36 22731 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -59.2 5 6 555.9 555.9 318.4 556.0 0.01 76 34 23090 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.6 336 8 564.1 564.1 318.9 564.1 0.01 77 30 23880 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -58.4 260 9 589.0 589.0 320.1 589.0 0.01 78 29 24094 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.0 232 11 595.8 595.8 320.4 595.9 0.01 79 27 24546 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.2 271 9 604.7 604.7 320.8 604.8 0.01 80 26 24785 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.9 285 10 619.3 619.3 321.5 619.3 0.01 81 23 25565 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -57.9 258 19 638.4 638.4 322.2 638.5 0.01 82 22 25848 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -57.3 243 20 649.0 649.0 322.6 649.0 0.01 83 20 26460 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -54.8 275 22 677.3 677.3 323.7 677.4 0.01 84 19 26793 -50.7 -83.7 1 33.0 -54.1 277 21 691.0 691.1 324.1 691.2 0.02 85 18 27145 -51.3 -84.3 1 33.0 -54.6 277 23 699.9 699.9 324.4 700.1 0.02 86 17 27518 -49.7 -83.7 1 34.0 -53.7 274 25 716.6 716.6 325.0 716.8 0.02 87 16 27915 -50.5 -83.5 1 33.0 -54.4 271 23 726.5 726.5 325.3 726.7 0.02 88 13 29278 -47.7 -82.7 1 35.0 -53.2 270 27 780.7 780.7 326.8 781.0 0.03 89 10 31010 -47.9 -82.9 1 35.0 -54.2 235 27 840.7 840.8 328.2 841.1 0.04 90 8.3 32239 -47.7 -82.7 1 35.0 -54.8 245 38 887.6 887.6 329.2 888.1 0.05 91 7.9 32566 -45.9 -81.9 1 36.0 -54.1 248 41 907.4 907.4 329.6 908.0 0.06 92 7.6 32823 -47.1 -83.1 1 36.0 -54.9 250 43 912.6 912.7 329.7 913.2 0.05 93 7.0 33370 -44.5 -82.5 1 38.0 -54.0 255 48 945.1 945.1 330.2 945.8 0.06 94 6.7 33663 -44.5 -81.5 1 37.0 -54.2 957.0 957.0 330.5 957.9 0.08 TRP 256 10373 -47.1 -66.1 10 19.0 -47.6 245 70 333.8 333.8 292.7 333.9 0.02 WND 262 10219 -46.3 -65.7 9 19.4 -46.8 245 74 332.7 332.7 292.4 332.8 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5499.00 m Freezing level: 808.14 mb = 1924.03 m = 6312.36 ft Wetbulb zero: 820.59 mb = 1799.93 m = 5905.21 ft Precipitable water: 0.47 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 35.95 % Est. max temperature: 16.69 C = 62.04 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 955.61 mb = 547.95 m = 1797.72 ft T: 11.05 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.45 C/km ThetaE index: 6.04 C Layer 987.0- 871.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 778.00 mb = 2227.04 m = 7306.46 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.31 g/kg Conv temperature: 17.88 C = 64.19 F Cap Strength: 12.60 C Lifted Index: 12.13 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 18.63 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.88 C Showalter Index: 11.90 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 34.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.50 C Cross Totals Index: 13.50 C K Index: -13.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 78.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.30 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 10.45 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.57 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 75938.62 J/kg Cap Strength: 12.58 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 817.56 mb = 1829.83 m = 6003.31 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 315 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 320 5 3.2 -3.8 | 133 16 -11.6 10.8 1 949 610 355 20 1.7 -19.9 | 68 14 -13.1 -5.3 2 925 822 350 25 4.3 -24.6 | 46 14 -10.5 -10.0 3 915 914 350 25 4.3 -24.6 | 46 14 -10.5 -10.0 4 881 1219 350 21 3.6 -20.7 | 61 13 -11.2 -6.1 5 850 1516 340 19 6.5 -17.9 | 69 9 -8.3 -3.2 6 817 1829 335 15 6.3 -13.6 | 97 9 -8.5 1.0 7 787 2134 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 133 5 -3.5 3.3 8 757 2438 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 188 6 0.8 5.6 9 729 2743 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 200 10 3.5 9.7 10 701 3048 305 28 22.9 -16.1 | 280 8 8.1 -1.4 11 700 3064 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 273 6 6.5 -0.3 12 648 3658 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 249 17 16.1 6.3 13 623 3962 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 237 22 18.1 11.7 14 599 4267 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 227 26 19.1 17.6 15 554 4877 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 223 34 22.9 24.7 16 512 5486 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 231 23 18.2 14.6 17 500 5670 260 40 39.4 6.9 | 229 33 24.6 21.6 18 472 6096 255 44 42.5 11.4 | 227 38 27.7 26.0 19 434 6706 240 53 45.9 26.5 | 217 52 31.1 41.1 20 400 7310 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 227 49 35.9 33.1 21 383 7620 250 59 55.4 20.2 | 229 53 40.6 34.8 22 366 7925 245 63 57.1 26.6 | 226 59 42.3 41.2 23 307 9144 245 66 59.8 27.9 | 227 62 45.0 42.5 24 300 9310 245 69 62.5 29.2 | 227 65 47.7 43.8 25 262 10219 245 74 67.1 31.3 | 229 70 52.3 45.9 26 256 10363 245 74 67.1 31.3 | 229 70 52.3 45.9 27 256 10373 245 70 63.4 29.6 | 228 66 48.6 44.2 28 250 10530 245 71 64.3 30.0 | 228 67 49.5 44.6 29 223 11278 245 62 56.2 26.2 | 225 58 41.4 40.8 30 203 11887 245 74 67.1 31.3 | 229 70 52.3 45.9 31 200 12000 260 60 59.1 10.4 | 241 51 44.3 25.0 32 185 12497 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 243 42 37.0 19.1 33 177 12802 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 232 36 28.5 22.3 34 161 13411 250 53 49.8 18.1 | 227 48 35.0 32.7 35 150 13860 250 57 53.6 19.5 | 229 52 38.7 34.1 36 139 14326 255 60 58.0 15.5 | 235 53 43.1 30.1 37 126 14935 280 44 43.3 -7.6 | 256 29 28.5 7.0 38 120 15240 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 260 34 33.4 6.1 39 115 15545 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 255 28 27.5 7.1 40 109 15850 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 223 24 16.1 17.3 41 104 16154 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 215 28 16.1 22.9 42 100 16410 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 240 23 20.1 11.6 43 94 16764 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 244 16 14.2 6.9 44 86 17374 255 28 27.0 7.2 | 209 25 12.2 21.9 45 77 17983 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 216 11 6.4 8.9 46 74 18288 290 26 24.4 -8.9 | 239 11 9.6 5.7 47 70 18593 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 196 15 4.2 14.6 48 70 18610 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 209 22 10.8 19.1 49 67 18898 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 198 19 5.9 18.3 50 64 19202 290 32 30.1 -10.9 | 256 16 15.3 3.7 51 61 19507 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 252 10 9.7 3.2 52 58 19812 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 169 11 -2.3 11.3 53 55 20117 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 164 23 -6.4 21.7 54 50 20680 300 24 20.8 -12.0 | 246 7 6.0 2.6 55 47 21031 305 24 19.7 -13.8 | 260 5 4.8 0.8 56 45 21336 325 13 7.5 -10.6 | 118 8 -7.4 4.0 57 43 21641 350 13 2.3 -12.8 | 98 13 -12.6 1.8 58 41 21946 70 2 -1.9 -0.7 | 130 22 -16.7 13.9 59 32 23470 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 143 11 -6.6 8.9 60 31 23774 230 10 7.7 6.4 | 161 22 -7.2 21.0 61 30 23880 260 9 8.9 1.6 | 160 17 -5.9 16.2 62 29 24079 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 164 23 -6.4 21.7 63 28 24384 260 8 7.9 1.4 | 157 17 -6.9 16.0 64 26 24689 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 159 14 -5.0 12.9 65 25 24994 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 154 11 -4.8 10.0 66 24 25298 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 189 12 1.9 11.7 67 23 25603 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 190 20 3.5 19.5 68 22 25908 240 20 17.3 10.0 | 186 25 2.5 24.6 69 21 26213 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 200 18 6.1 16.4 70 20 26460 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 209 15 7.1 12.7 71 20 26518 250 22 20.7 7.5 | 195 23 5.9 22.1 72 19 26822 280 21 20.7 -3.6 | 208 12 5.9 11.0 73 17 27432 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 219 16 10.1 12.4 74 16 28042 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 209 17 8.2 14.6 75 15 28346 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 202 25 9.6 23.5 76 14 28651 270 31 31.0 -0.0 | 228 22 16.2 14.6 77 14 28956 270 20 20.0 -0.0 | 200 16 5.2 14.6 78 12 29566 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 231 23 18.2 14.6 79 11 30175 250 25 23.5 8.6 | 201 25 8.7 23.2 80 10 31010 235 27 22.1 15.5 | 194 31 7.3 30.1 81 7 33370 255 48 46.4 12.4 | 229 42 31.6 27.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 284.6 at 27.7 knts Storm direction: 314.6 at 20.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.7 neg: 3.9 tot: 8.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 131.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 62.4 neg: -63.0 tot: -0.6 m^2/s^2 ave: -0.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.15 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.7 stream: 1.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.12 Bulk Shear: 85.12 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 350 14 92 12| 19.0 0.0 19.0| 0.0 -51.1 -51.1 -102.1 -0.82| 20.2-16.5 1000 350 19 70 12| 9.5 0.9 10.4| 12.6 -61.2 -48.7 -48.7 -0.58| 13.5 -7.8 1500 348 19 70 11| 6.3 2.7 9.1| 22.3 -61.2 -38.9 -25.9 -0.34| 11.3 -3.8 2000 343 18 74 10| 4.7 3.8 8.6| 33.1 -61.2 -28.1 -14.1 -0.11| 10.6 -1.2 2500 334 18 76 7| 3.8 4.7 8.5| 40.1 -61.2 -21.1 -8.4 0.00| 10.2 0.0 3000 326 19 72 4| 4.7 3.9 8.6| 62.4 -63.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.15| 10.7 1.6 4000 310 22 263 2| 3.5 5.3 8.8| 62.4-115.7 -53.3 -13.3 -0.01| 10.6 -0.1 5000 294 25 242 9| 3.2 4.9 8.1| 81.3-136.8 -55.5 -11.1 -0.02| 9.9 -0.2 6000 285 28 238 14| 2.7 5.2 7.9| 91.9-170.0 -78.1 -13.0 -0.03| 10.0 -0.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251008.12.gif