UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025100712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 7 OCT 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 7 OCT 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 136 SFC 990 215 21.2 14.2 64 7.0 16.7 220 10 295.2 297.1 290.2 324.9 10.33 2 969 403 20.6 14.6 68 6.0 16.7 232 20 296.4 298.4 291.0 327.7 10.84 3 925 808 17.0 14.6 86 2.4 15.4 250 35 296.7 298.7 291.6 329.5 11.37 4 920 854 16.4 14.5 89 1.9 15.2 250 35 296.5 298.6 291.5 329.3 11.35 5 893 1108 15.0 13.2 89 1.8 13.8 244 35 297.6 299.6 291.4 328.8 10.74 6 871 1320 14.4 11.2 81 3.2 12.4 237 35 299.1 300.9 291.0 327.3 9.63 7 866 1368 14.0 12.0 88 2.0 12.7 235 35 299.2 301.1 291.5 329.1 10.23 8 854 1486 13.8 10.5 80 3.3 11.7 231 35 300.2 301.9 291.1 327.8 9.37 9 850 1526 13.4 10.1 80 3.3 11.4 230 35 300.2 301.9 290.9 327.2 9.17 10 825 1777 11.8 8.1 78 3.7 9.6 226 34 301.1 302.6 290.4 325.5 8.24 11 774 2309 8.4 7.3 93 1.1 7.8 227 41 303.0 304.5 291.1 327.8 8.32 12 755 2515 7.8 4.3 78 3.5 5.8 227 40 304.5 305.7 290.3 325.3 6.91 13 746 2614 7.4 6.4 93 1.0 6.8 231 39 305.1 306.6 291.6 329.5 8.11 14 739 2692 7.2 6.0 92 1.2 6.5 233 39 305.7 307.2 291.6 329.7 7.96 15 721 2895 6.4 2.8 78 3.6 4.4 237 36 307.0 308.2 290.8 326.8 6.51 16 714 2975 6.0 2.9 80 3.1 4.3 239 35 307.4 308.6 291.0 327.6 6.62 17 700 3137 4.6 2.3 85 2.3 3.4 240 32 307.6 308.8 291.0 327.4 6.47 18 679 3385 2.8 1.8 93 1.0 2.2 235 31 308.3 309.5 291.2 328.0 6.43 19 669 3505 2.2 0.4 88 1.8 1.3 233 30 308.9 310.0 290.9 327.1 5.90 20 644 3812 -0.3 -0.3 100 0.0 -0.3 232 30 309.4 310.5 291.0 327.4 5.82 21 588 4536 -4.3 -4.3 100 0.0 -4.3 240 34 312.9 313.8 291.1 327.9 4.73 22 586 4563 -4.5 -6.8 84 2.3 -5.5 240 34 313.0 313.8 290.4 325.5 3.92 23 585 4576 -4.5 -6.2 88 1.7 -5.3 240 34 313.2 314.0 290.6 326.2 4.11 24 583 4603 -4.7 -7.6 80 2.9 -6.0 240 34 313.2 314.0 290.3 325.1 3.70 25 580 4644 -4.9 -7.9 79 3.0 -6.2 240 34 313.5 314.2 290.3 325.1 3.64 26 577 4685 -4.9 -7.9 79 3.0 -6.2 240 35 313.9 314.6 290.5 325.6 3.66 27 571 4767 -5.5 -8.5 79 3.0 -6.8 240 35 314.2 314.8 290.4 325.5 3.53 28 570 4781 -5.3 -12.3 58 7.0 -8.0 240 35 314.6 315.1 289.7 323.1 2.61 29 568 4808 -5.5 -10.5 68 5.0 -7.5 240 35 314.6 315.2 290.1 324.4 3.03 30 566 4836 -5.5 -12.5 58 7.0 -8.2 240 36 315.0 315.5 289.8 323.4 2.58 31 565 4850 -5.7 -10.7 68 5.0 -7.7 240 36 314.9 315.5 290.2 324.6 2.99 32 562 4892 -5.9 -13.9 53 8.0 -8.8 240 36 315.1 315.6 289.6 322.7 2.32 33 553 5018 -6.9 -13.9 57 7.0 -9.5 243 36 315.4 315.9 289.7 323.1 2.36 34 551 5047 -7.1 -7.7 95 0.6 -7.4 243 36 315.5 316.2 291.2 328.0 3.89 35 540 5204 -8.1 -9.1 92 1.0 -8.5 247 36 316.1 316.8 291.0 327.6 3.56 36 537 5247 -8.1 -12.4 71 4.3 -9.8 248 36 316.6 317.2 290.5 325.6 2.75 37 535 5276 -8.3 -12.9 69 4.6 -10.1 248 36 316.7 317.2 290.4 325.4 2.65 38 534 5291 -8.1 -16.1 53 8.0 -10.9 249 36 317.1 317.5 289.9 323.9 2.04 39 531 5335 -8.3 -17.3 48 9.0 -11.3 250 36 317.4 317.8 289.9 323.6 1.85 40 529 5364 -8.5 -20.5 37 12.0 -12.2 250 37 317.5 317.8 289.5 322.3 1.41 41 527 5393 -8.3 -23.3 29 15.0 -12.6 251 37 318.1 318.3 289.3 321.9 1.11 42 524 5438 -8.7 -25.7 24 17.0 -13.2 252 37 318.1 318.3 289.1 321.3 0.90 43 519 5512 -9.3 -26.3 24 17.0 -13.7 254 37 318.3 318.5 289.1 321.3 0.86 44 517 5542 -9.5 -16.5 57 7.0 -11.9 254 37 318.4 318.8 290.3 325.2 2.04 45 509 5663 -10.5 -13.6 78 3.1 -11.6 257 37 318.6 319.1 290.9 327.3 2.63 46 506 5708 -10.7 -16.7 61 6.0 -12.7 258 37 318.9 319.3 290.5 325.7 2.05 47 505 5723 -10.9 -14.9 72 4.0 -12.3 258 37 318.8 319.3 290.8 326.8 2.38 48 501 5785 -11.3 -14.5 77 3.2 -12.5 260 37 319.1 319.6 290.9 327.3 2.48 49 500 5800 -11.5 -15.0 75 3.5 -12.8 260 37 319.0 319.5 290.9 326.9 2.39 50 499 5815 -11.5 -16.0 69 4.5 -13.0 260 37 319.2 319.6 290.7 326.5 2.20 51 488 5986 -13.1 -14.0 93 0.9 -13.4 260 39 319.3 319.8 291.2 328.1 2.65 52 478 6143 -14.1 -15.8 87 1.7 -14.7 260 41 319.9 320.4 291.0 327.7 2.33 53 472 6239 -14.3 -24.3 42 10.0 -16.9 260 42 320.8 321.1 290.2 324.8 1.13 54 471 6255 -14.5 -24.5 42 10.0 -17.1 260 42 320.8 321.0 290.2 324.7 1.12 55 400 7470 -23.7 -27.4 72 3.7 -24.5 275 40 324.2 324.4 291.1 327.7 1.01 56 300 9510 -38.3 -42.9 62 4.6 -38.7 260 68 331.4 331.4 292.4 332.5 0.29 57 250 10740 -49.1 -54.1 56 5.0 -49.3 255 83 333.1 333.1 292.6 333.5 0.10 58 233 11194 -51.9 -58.8 43 6.9 -52.1 255 89 335.5 335.5 293.3 335.8 0.06 59 200 12160 -58.1 -69.1 23 11.0 -58.2 265 77 340.8 340.8 294.5 340.8 0.02 60 158 13629 -62.7 -79.7 8 17.0 -62.9 270 81 356.7 356.7 298.1 356.7 0.00 61 150 13950 -61.9 -81.9 5 20.0 -62.0 270 75 363.4 363.4 299.4 363.5 0.00 62 100 16440 -66.9 -85.9 5 19.0 -67.0 260 41 398.5 398.5 305.0 398.5 0.00 63 96 16686 -67.1 -86.1 5 19.0 -67.2 256 47 402.8 402.8 305.6 402.8 0.00 64 89 17144 -65.3 -86.3 4 21.0 -65.5 261 34 415.2 415.2 307.2 415.2 0.00 65 87 17281 -66.1 -87.1 4 21.0 -66.2 264 35 416.3 416.3 307.3 416.3 0.00 66 86 17352 -63.3 -86.3 3 23.0 -63.5 265 35 423.3 423.3 308.1 423.3 0.00 67 85 17423 -62.9 -86.9 3 24.0 -63.1 261 35 425.5 425.5 308.3 425.5 0.00 68 74 18272 -64.5 -87.5 3 23.0 -64.7 294 27 439.4 439.4 309.8 439.4 0.00 69 70 18610 -65.3 -88.3 3 23.0 -65.5 245 29 444.7 444.7 310.3 444.7 0.00 70 68 18787 -64.1 -88.1 2 24.0 -64.4 254 30 451.0 451.0 311.0 451.0 0.00 71 64 19157 -64.7 -88.7 2 24.0 -65.0 275 23 457.5 457.5 311.5 457.6 0.00 72 57 19868 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.1 266 10 479.8 479.8 313.4 479.8 0.00 73 55 20089 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.9 288 10 482.9 482.9 313.7 482.9 0.00 74 53 20318 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -61.0 283 13 492.6 492.6 314.4 492.6 0.00 75 50 20680 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -62.0 235 16 498.6 498.6 314.8 498.6 0.00 76 45 21331 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.8 295 17 511.9 511.9 315.8 511.9 0.00 77 43 21613 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -60.9 293 18 523.5 523.5 316.5 523.5 0.00 78 30 23870 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.5 295 9 588.4 588.4 320.0 588.5 0.01 79 28 24306 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -59.2 309 11 598.5 598.5 320.5 598.5 0.01 80 26 24775 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -58.5 267 11 613.6 613.6 321.2 613.6 0.01 81 25 25025 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.6 242 10 627.4 627.4 321.8 627.5 0.01 82 23 25561 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -55.6 268 15 646.7 646.7 322.6 646.7 0.01 83 21 26146 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -56.6 289 10 660.7 660.7 323.1 660.8 0.01 84 20 26460 -53.1 -85.1 1 32.0 -55.8 260 23 673.6 673.6 323.6 673.7 0.01 85 16 27902 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -55.4 274 28 721.9 722.0 325.1 722.1 0.02 86 15 28324 -47.9 -82.9 1 35.0 -52.9 278 31 748.7 748.7 325.9 748.9 0.03 87 13 29270 -46.9 -82.9 1 36.0 -52.8 279 33 783.4 783.4 326.8 783.7 0.03 88 11 30374 -48.5 -83.5 1 35.0 -54.3 256 23 816.0 816.0 327.6 816.3 0.03 TRP 158 13629 -62.7 -79.7 8 17.0 -62.9 270 81 356.7 356.7 298.1 356.7 0.00 WND 233 11194 -51.9 -58.8 43 6.9 -52.1 255 89 335.5 335.5 293.3 335.8 0.06 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5664.00 m Freezing level: 647.00 mb = 3774.95 m = 12384.87 ft Wetbulb zero: 649.24 mb = 3746.46 m = 12291.37 ft Precipitable water: 1.49 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 82.13 % Est. max temperature: 26.52 C = 79.74 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 892.77 mb = 1110.15 m = 3642.19 ft T: 14.99 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.05 C/km ThetaE index: 3.66 C Layer 854.0- 774.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 836.52 mb = 1660.42 m = 5447.51 ft Mean mixing ratio: 10.98 g/kg Conv temperature: 26.65 C = 79.96 F Cap Strength: 1.83 C Lifted Index: 0.55 C Risk: Showers probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 3.05 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 0.89 C Showalter Index: 1.14 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 46.50 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.90 C Cross Totals Index: 21.60 C K Index: 32.70 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 315.70 Risk: Showers and thunderstorms possible Energy Index: -0.07 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 14.40 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.37 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 93.17 J/kg Cap Strength: 1.76 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 887.23 mb = 1162.91 m = 3815.29 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 652.23 mb = 3709.48 m = 12170.05 ft Equ Level (EL): 572.23 mb = 4749.94 m = 15583.61 ft B at Equ Level: 13.54 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 512.23 mb = 5613.73 m = 18417.54 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 270 at 26 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 220 10 6.4 7.7 | 112 21 -19.4 7.8 1 946 610 245 32 29.0 13.5 | 193 14 3.2 13.6 2 925 808 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 210 14 7.1 12.1 3 913 914 250 36 33.8 12.3 | 213 15 8.0 12.4 4 881 1219 240 35 30.3 17.5 | 194 18 4.5 17.6 5 850 1526 230 35 26.8 22.5 | 183 23 1.0 22.6 6 820 1829 225 34 24.0 24.0 | 176 24 -1.7 24.1 7 790 2134 230 41 31.4 26.4 | 192 27 5.6 26.4 8 761 2438 225 41 29.0 29.0 | 186 29 3.2 29.1 9 734 2743 235 38 31.1 21.8 | 194 23 5.3 21.9 10 708 3048 240 34 29.4 17.0 | 192 17 3.7 17.1 11 700 3137 240 32 27.7 16.0 | 187 16 1.9 16.1 12 655 3658 230 29 22.2 18.6 | 169 19 -3.6 18.7 13 607 4267 240 32 27.7 16.0 | 187 16 1.9 16.1 14 562 4877 240 36 31.2 18.0 | 197 19 5.4 18.1 15 500 5800 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 239 12 10.6 6.5 16 481 6096 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 244 16 14.6 7.2 17 461 6401 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 245 18 16.6 7.6 18 408 7315 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 229 9 6.7 5.8 19 400 7470 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 284 14 14.1 -3.4 20 392 7620 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 283 16 16.1 -3.6 21 375 7925 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 231 27 21.2 17.2 22 344 8534 255 63 60.9 16.3 | 245 39 35.1 16.4 23 316 9144 260 57 56.1 9.9 | 252 32 30.3 10.0 24 300 9510 260 68 67.0 11.8 | 254 43 41.2 11.9 25 250 10740 255 83 80.2 21.5 | 248 59 54.4 21.6 26 233 11194 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 249 64 60.2 23.1 27 230 11278 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 249 64 60.2 23.1 28 209 11887 255 70 67.6 18.1 | 246 46 41.8 18.2 29 200 12160 265 77 76.7 6.7 | 262 51 50.9 6.8 30 189 12497 265 83 82.7 7.2 | 263 57 56.9 7.3 31 158 13629 270 81 81.0 -0.0 | 270 55 55.2 0.1 32 156 13716 270 82 82.0 -0.0 | 270 56 56.2 0.1 33 150 13950 270 75 75.0 -0.0 | 270 49 49.2 0.1 34 134 14630 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 270 34 34.2 0.1 35 122 15240 255 39 37.7 10.1 | 229 16 11.9 10.2 36 110 15850 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 246 19 17.5 7.7 37 105 16154 255 37 35.7 9.6 | 226 14 10.0 9.7 38 100 16440 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 244 16 14.6 7.2 39 100 16459 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 210 19 9.6 16.6 40 95 16764 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 249 24 22.5 8.6 41 90 17069 260 34 33.5 5.9 | 232 10 7.7 6.0 42 86 17374 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 251 10 9.1 3.1 43 82 17678 245 33 29.9 13.9 | 196 15 4.1 14.0 44 78 17983 280 33 32.5 -5.7 | 310 9 6.7 -5.6 45 74 18288 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 7 11 -1.3 -11.3 46 70 18593 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 90 11 -10.8 0.1 47 70 18610 245 29 26.3 12.3 | 182 12 0.5 12.3 48 67 18898 260 30 29.5 5.2 | 215 6 3.8 5.3 49 61 19507 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 69 15 -14.0 -5.4 50 58 19812 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 97 16 -15.9 1.8 51 55 20117 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 79 17 -16.4 -3.3 52 52 20422 280 14 13.8 -2.4 | 79 12 -12.0 -2.3 53 50 20680 235 16 13.1 9.2 | 126 16 -12.7 9.3 54 50 20726 230 11 8.4 7.1 | 112 19 -17.4 7.2 55 47 21031 225 14 9.9 9.9 | 122 19 -15.9 10.0 56 45 21336 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 56 13 -10.4 -7.1 57 41 21946 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 51 10 -7.9 -6.4 58 39 22250 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 68 22 -20.8 -8.6 59 37 22555 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 90 26 -25.8 0.1 60 35 22860 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 107 18 -17.1 5.1 61 34 23165 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 90 13 -12.8 0.1 62 32 23470 290 17 16.0 -5.8 | 60 11 -9.8 -5.7 63 30 23774 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 71 19 -18.1 -6.3 64 30 23870 295 9 8.2 -3.8 | 78 18 -17.6 -3.7 65 29 24079 275 12 12.0 -1.0 | 86 14 -13.8 -1.0 66 28 24384 320 11 7.1 -8.4 | 66 20 -18.7 -8.3 67 26 24689 280 11 10.8 -1.9 | 83 15 -15.0 -1.8 68 25 24994 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 107 18 -17.1 5.1 69 23 25603 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 90 11 -10.8 0.1 70 22 25908 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 81 16 -16.1 -2.5 71 21 26213 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 79 17 -16.4 -3.3 72 20 26460 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 142 5 -3.1 4.1 73 20 26518 225 15 10.6 10.6 | 125 19 -15.2 10.7 74 18 26822 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 133 6 -4.1 3.9 75 15 27432 280 30 29.5 -5.2 | 324 6 3.8 -5.1 76 14 27737 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 270 11 11.2 0.1 77 13 28042 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 314 8 5.7 -5.5 78 12 28346 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 23 7 -2.6 -6.1 79 11 28651 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 152 9 -4.2 8.0 80 10 28956 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 31 7 -3.6 -5.9 81 9 29261 260 27 26.6 4.7 | 190 5 0.8 4.8 82 8 29566 275 37 36.9 -3.2 | 286 12 11.1 -3.1 83 8 29870 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 331 6 2.8 -4.9 84 7 30175 255 21 20.3 5.4 | 135 8 -5.5 5.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 240.2 at 34.4 knts Storm direction: 270.2 at 25.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.5 neg: 2.1 tot: 6.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 72.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 178.1 neg: -90.9 tot: 87.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 29.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.29 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.0 stream: 3.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.91 Bulk Shear: 15.78 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 241 23 155 13| 25.9 0.0 25.9|102.9 0.0 102.9 205.8 0.95| 27.0 25.6 1000 245 29 184 13| 12.9 2.4 15.4|112.6 -22.5 90.1 90.1 0.63| 18.2 11.5 1500 240 31 185 16| 8.6 4.2 12.8|112.6 -55.9 56.7 37.8 0.37| 15.0 5.6 2000 236 33 185 18| 8.1 3.2 11.3|157.1 -63.8 93.3 46.7 0.41| 13.5 5.6 2500 234 34 186 20| 6.3 2.5 8.9|176.8 -77.6 99.2 39.7 0.37| 12.7 4.7 3000 235 34 187 20| 4.5 2.1 6.7|178.1 -90.9 87.2 29.1 0.29| 12.0 3.4 4000 235 33 185 19| 4.0 2.1 6.1|199.0-110.2 88.8 22.2 0.26| 10.3 2.6 5000 236 34 187 19| 3.9 1.7 5.6|232.0-110.2 121.8 24.4 0.31| 9.1 2.8 6000 240 34 193 18| 4.0 1.4 5.4|264.8-110.2 154.6 25.8 0.36| 8.7 3.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20251007.12.gif