UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025050112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 1 MAY 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 1 MAY 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 150 60 3 SFC 992 215 10.0 5.0 71 5.0 7.5 60 3 283.8 284.8 281.0 299.2 5.51 2 976 351 11.8 2.8 54 9.0 7.3 91 4 286.9 287.8 281.5 300.6 4.79 3 961 481 13.6 -1.4 35 15.0 6.6 121 6 290.0 290.7 281.5 300.5 3.59 4 952 561 13.8 -2.2 33 16.0 6.3 139 7 291.0 291.6 281.8 301.0 3.41 5 925 803 12.6 -10.4 19 23.0 3.6 175 6 292.2 292.5 280.4 297.8 1.87 6 908 958 12.0 -18.0 11 30.0 2.0 231 4 293.1 293.3 279.7 296.3 1.02 7 898 1051 11.0 0.0 47 11.0 5.6 243 4 293.0 293.8 283.6 305.5 4.26 8 894 1088 10.8 -0.2 46 11.0 5.5 248 5 293.2 293.9 283.6 305.5 4.21 9 875 1267 9.4 -2.6 43 12.0 3.9 265 6 293.5 294.2 283.1 304.2 3.60 10 870 1314 9.2 -3.8 40 13.0 3.4 265 8 293.8 294.4 282.8 303.7 3.31 11 864 1372 9.2 -12.8 20 22.0 1.1 265 9 294.4 294.7 281.1 299.5 1.65 12 863 1381 9.0 -9.0 27 18.0 1.8 265 9 294.3 294.7 281.8 301.1 2.24 13 861 1400 9.2 -16.8 14 26.0 0.4 265 10 294.7 294.9 280.6 298.4 1.19 14 857 1439 9.0 -6.0 34 15.0 2.5 265 11 294.9 295.4 282.8 303.4 2.85 15 853 1478 9.0 -10.0 25 19.0 1.5 265 12 295.3 295.7 282.0 301.7 2.09 16 851 1497 9.2 -16.8 14 26.0 0.3 265 13 295.7 295.9 281.1 299.5 1.20 17 850 1507 9.2 -17.8 13 27.0 0.2 265 13 295.8 296.0 281.0 299.3 1.11 18 847 1536 9.4 -23.6 8 33.0 -0.4 260 11 296.3 296.4 280.7 298.5 0.67 19 842 1585 9.2 -31.8 4 41.0 -1.1 258 13 296.6 296.6 280.3 297.6 0.32 20 821 1795 9.0 -23.0 8 32.0 -0.7 251 25 298.5 298.7 281.7 300.9 0.73 21 818 1825 9.0 -15.0 17 24.0 0.3 250 27 298.8 299.1 282.8 303.4 1.46 22 814 1866 8.6 -6.4 34 15.0 2.1 252 26 298.8 299.4 284.4 307.7 2.91 23 803 1978 7.2 -1.8 53 9.0 2.9 257 24 298.5 299.3 285.7 311.0 4.17 24 795 2060 6.4 1.5 71 4.9 3.9 261 22 298.5 299.5 286.9 314.4 5.37 25 794 2070 6.4 1.9 73 4.5 4.1 262 22 298.6 299.6 287.1 315.0 5.53 26 789 2122 6.4 -1.6 57 8.0 2.5 264 20 299.2 299.9 286.1 312.1 4.31 27 779 2227 5.4 3.1 85 2.3 4.2 265 22 299.2 300.3 287.9 317.4 6.15 28 745 2590 3.0 3.0 100 0.0 3.0 258 28 300.4 301.6 288.5 319.4 6.38 29 741 2634 3.0 3.0 100 0.0 3.0 256 28 300.9 302.0 288.8 320.0 6.42 30 700 3093 0.4 0.4 100 0.0 0.4 265 29 302.9 304.0 288.7 319.9 5.63 31 686 3255 -0.7 -0.7 100 0.0 -0.7 266 30 303.5 304.4 288.6 319.5 5.30 32 677 3360 0.2 -1.5 88 1.7 -0.6 267 30 305.6 306.6 289.1 321.1 5.07 33 662 3540 -0.7 -2.7 86 2.0 -1.7 269 31 306.6 307.4 289.1 321.2 4.74 34 630 3934 -2.9 -5.1 85 2.2 -3.9 268 31 308.4 309.2 289.2 321.4 4.15 35 626 3984 -2.7 -6.6 74 3.9 -4.4 267 32 309.2 309.9 289.0 320.9 3.73 36 606 4241 -4.7 -7.3 82 2.6 -5.8 265 32 309.8 310.5 289.1 321.3 3.65 37 599 4332 -5.1 -8.8 75 3.7 -6.6 265 32 310.4 311.0 289.0 320.8 3.28 38 585 4518 -6.5 -8.5 86 2.0 -7.3 267 33 310.8 311.5 289.3 321.7 3.44 39 581 4571 -6.7 -10.3 76 3.6 -8.1 267 33 311.2 311.8 289.0 320.8 3.00 40 577 4625 -6.9 -10.6 75 3.7 -8.4 268 33 311.6 312.2 289.0 321.1 2.95 41 571 4707 -7.5 -10.8 77 3.3 -8.8 268 33 311.8 312.4 289.1 321.2 2.94 42 569 4734 -7.7 -11.6 74 3.9 -9.2 269 33 311.9 312.4 289.0 320.8 2.77 43 567 4762 -7.3 -16.3 49 9.0 -10.3 269 34 312.7 313.0 288.3 318.9 1.89 44 560 4858 -7.5 -19.5 38 12.0 -11.2 270 34 313.6 313.8 288.2 318.4 1.46 45 554 4942 -8.3 -19.3 41 11.0 -11.7 272 34 313.6 313.9 288.3 318.6 1.50 46 543 5098 -9.1 -26.1 24 17.0 -13.4 280 33 314.4 314.6 287.9 317.3 0.84 47 534 5227 -10.1 -25.1 28 15.0 -14.0 285 34 314.7 314.9 288.1 317.9 0.93 48 520 5431 -12.1 -21.1 47 9.0 -14.6 285 37 314.7 315.0 288.5 319.3 1.37 49 514 5520 -12.9 -18.9 61 6.0 -14.7 285 39 314.8 315.1 288.9 320.4 1.67 50 511 5564 -13.1 -16.3 77 3.2 -14.2 285 40 315.1 315.5 289.3 322.0 2.09 51 510 5579 -13.1 -14.9 86 1.8 -13.7 285 40 315.3 315.7 289.7 323.0 2.36 52 505 5654 -13.3 -17.1 73 3.8 -14.5 285 42 315.9 316.3 289.5 322.5 1.98 53 500 5730 -13.9 -18.4 69 4.5 -15.3 285 43 316.1 316.4 289.4 322.1 1.79 54 499 5745 -13.9 -18.6 68 4.7 -15.3 285 43 316.3 316.6 289.4 322.2 1.77 55 400 7390 -23.7 -29.7 58 6.0 -24.9 270 49 324.2 324.3 290.9 327.1 0.81 56 300 9440 -37.5 -50.5 25 13.0 -38.4 265 52 332.5 332.5 292.5 333.0 0.12 57 250 10660 -49.3 -63.3 18 14.0 -49.7 275 60 332.8 332.8 292.5 332.9 0.03 58 211 11746 -57.5 -67.7 26 10.2 -57.6 280 67 336.5 336.5 293.4 336.6 0.02 59 200 12080 -60.1 -69.1 30 9.0 -60.2 285 58 337.6 337.6 293.7 337.7 0.02 60 150 13830 -72.3 -76.1 56 3.8 -72.3 260 51 345.5 345.6 295.6 345.6 0.01 61 100 16340 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -60.2 265 27 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 62 93 16794 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.7 273 32 423.8 423.8 308.2 423.8 0.00 63 89 17069 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.8 280 37 424.8 424.8 308.3 424.8 0.00 64 79 17808 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 264 21 437.0 437.0 309.6 437.0 0.00 65 70 18560 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.6 260 22 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 66 69 18650 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.4 254 20 460.3 460.3 311.8 460.3 0.00 67 65 19023 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 256 21 463.8 463.8 312.1 463.8 0.00 68 63 19218 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.0 235 20 471.1 471.1 312.7 471.1 0.00 69 59 19627 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 259 22 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 70 59 19627 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 259 22 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 71 58 19733 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 282 20 479.6 479.6 313.4 479.7 0.00 72 52 20408 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.7 309 10 488.8 488.8 314.1 488.8 0.00 73 50 20650 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.0 180 10 498.6 498.6 314.8 498.6 0.00 74 46 21171 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.2 214 8 517.8 517.8 316.2 517.8 0.00 75 41 21890 -61.1 -89.1 1 28.0 -61.7 306 9 528.7 528.7 316.8 528.7 0.00 76 38 22365 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.9 345 2 548.4 548.4 318.0 548.5 0.00 77 33 23251 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.4 103 10 566.8 566.8 319.0 566.8 0.00 78 30 23850 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -59.0 125 8 586.8 586.8 320.0 586.8 0.00 79 26 24755 -56.1 -88.1 1 32.0 -57.7 119 10 616.4 616.4 321.3 616.5 0.01 80 23 25533 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -58.0 96 11 637.8 637.8 322.2 637.9 0.01 81 21 26115 -52.7 -87.7 1 35.0 -55.4 99 11 665.5 665.5 323.3 665.6 0.01 82 20 26430 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.3 65 10 675.5 675.5 323.6 675.6 0.01 83 19 26763 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -55.7 63 10 684.2 684.2 323.9 684.3 0.01 84 18 27115 -50.5 -86.5 1 36.0 -54.1 75 11 702.4 702.5 324.5 702.5 0.01 85 17 27491 -48.3 -85.3 1 37.0 -52.8 93 12 721.1 721.1 325.1 721.2 0.02 86 16 27891 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -53.5 119 10 731.1 731.1 325.4 731.2 0.01 87 11 30365 -47.5 -85.5 1 38.0 -53.7 107 8 819.6 819.6 327.7 819.8 0.02 88 10 31000 -44.9 -84.9 0 40.0 -52.7 125 6 851.9 852.0 328.4 852.2 0.03 89 9.2 31557 -45.3 -85.3 0 40.0 -53.2 871.0 871.0 328.8 871.3 0.03 90 7.7 32752 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -52.7 927.7 927.8 329.9 928.3 0.06 TRP 150 13830 -72.3 -76.1 56 3.8 -72.3 260 51 345.5 345.6 295.6 345.6 0.01 WND 211 11746 -57.5 -67.7 26 10.2 -57.6 280 67 336.5 336.5 293.4 336.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5580.00 m Freezing level: 694.91 mb = 3151.81 m = 10340.47 ft Freezing level: 679.00 mb = 3336.94 m = 10947.84 ft Freezing level: 673.67 mb = 3400.27 m = 11155.62 ft Wetbulb zero: 849.00 mb = 1516.78 m = 4976.24 ft Precipitable water: 0.78 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 61.47 % Est. max temperature: 22.75 C = 72.96 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 919.39 mb = 854.02 m = 2801.86 ft T: 12.40 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.42 C/km ThetaE index: 6.07 C Layer 875.0- 863.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 530.39 mb = 5278.93 m = 17319.10 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.22 g/kg Conv temperature: 40.88 C = 105.58 F Cap Strength: 15.10 C Lifted Index: 15.08 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 23.18 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.87 C Showalter Index: 15.55 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 19.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 23.10 C Cross Totals Index: -3.90 C K Index: 5.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 69.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.72 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 33.26 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.16 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 61628.02 J/kg Cap Strength: 15.06 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 742.76 mb = 2614.61 m = 8578.02 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 299 at 20 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 992 215 60 3 -2.6 -1.5 | 112 21 -19.8 7.9 1 947 610 150 7 -3.5 6.1 | 127 26 -20.7 15.5 2 925 803 175 6 -0.5 6.0 | 131 24 -17.7 15.4 3 913 914 225 4 2.8 2.8 | 130 19 -14.4 12.3 4 880 1219 265 5 5.0 0.4 | 129 16 -12.2 9.9 5 850 1507 265 13 13.0 1.1 | 158 11 -4.3 10.6 6 848 1524 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 147 13 -7.4 11.2 7 817 1829 250 27 25.4 9.2 | 204 20 8.2 18.7 8 787 2134 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 194 12 2.7 11.2 9 758 2438 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 219 15 9.7 11.8 10 731 2743 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 207 22 10.0 19.4 11 700 3093 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 224 17 11.7 12.0 12 651 3658 270 31 31.0 -0.0 | 236 17 13.8 9.4 13 603 4267 265 32 31.9 2.8 | 230 19 14.7 12.2 14 558 4877 270 34 34.0 -0.0 | 241 19 16.8 9.4 15 536 5182 285 33 31.9 -8.5 | 266 15 14.7 0.9 16 500 5730 285 43 41.5 -11.1 | 274 24 24.3 -1.7 17 476 6096 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 258 27 26.6 5.6 18 400 7390 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 253 33 31.8 9.4 19 387 7620 265 50 49.8 4.4 | 247 35 32.6 13.8 20 326 8839 275 54 53.8 -4.7 | 263 37 36.6 4.7 21 313 9144 275 52 51.8 -4.5 | 262 35 34.6 4.9 22 300 9440 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 248 37 34.6 14.0 23 300 9449 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 248 37 34.6 14.0 24 261 10363 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 270 37 36.9 -0.1 25 250 10660 275 60 59.8 -5.2 | 264 43 42.6 4.2 26 227 11278 270 64 64.0 -0.0 | 259 48 46.8 9.4 27 211 11746 280 67 66.0 -11.6 | 273 49 48.8 -2.2 28 206 11887 280 67 66.0 -11.6 | 273 49 48.8 -2.2 29 200 12080 285 58 56.0 -15.0 | 278 39 38.8 -5.6 30 187 12497 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 278 38 37.8 -5.3 31 178 12802 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 247 25 22.8 9.4 32 153 13716 255 53 51.2 13.7 | 236 41 34.0 23.2 33 150 13830 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 241 38 33.0 18.3 34 138 14326 280 32 31.5 -5.6 | 255 15 14.3 3.9 35 132 14630 270 23 23.0 -0.0 | 211 11 5.8 9.4 36 125 14935 245 31 28.1 13.1 | 206 25 10.9 22.5 37 119 15240 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 242 28 24.6 13.1 38 108 15850 285 51 49.3 -13.2 | 277 32 32.0 -3.8 39 103 16154 285 35 33.8 -9.1 | 269 17 16.6 0.4 40 100 16340 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 219 15 9.7 11.8 41 98 16459 265 27 26.9 2.4 | 219 15 9.7 11.8 42 89 17069 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 261 19 19.2 3.0 43 85 17374 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 141 3 -1.8 2.3 44 81 17678 260 16 15.8 2.8 | 173 12 -1.5 12.2 45 77 17983 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 226 14 9.8 9.4 46 73 18288 260 14 13.8 2.4 | 164 12 -3.4 11.9 47 70 18560 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 199 14 4.4 13.3 48 70 18593 250 20 18.8 6.8 | 186 16 1.6 16.3 49 66 18898 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 202 10 3.8 9.4 50 63 19202 235 20 16.4 11.5 | 178 21 -0.8 20.9 51 60 19507 235 24 19.7 13.8 | 186 23 2.4 23.2 52 57 19812 300 18 15.6 -9.0 | 105 2 -1.6 0.4 53 54 20117 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 123 9 -7.2 4.8 54 52 20422 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 108 10 -9.6 3.0 55 50 20650 180 10 0.0 10.0 | 138 26 -17.2 19.4 56 49 20726 65 4 -3.6 -1.7 | 110 22 -20.8 7.8 57 47 21031 175 10 -0.9 10.0 | 137 27 -18.1 19.4 58 45 21336 260 6 5.9 1.0 | 133 15 -11.3 10.5 59 43 21641 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 138 8 -5.6 6.3 60 37 22555 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 119 20 -17.2 9.4 61 35 22860 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 101 27 -26.3 5.2 62 33 23165 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 112 29 -27.1 11.2 63 30 23850 125 8 -6.6 4.6 | 121 28 -23.8 14.0 64 28 24384 130 9 -6.9 5.8 | 122 29 -24.1 15.2 65 22 25908 85 12 -12.0 -1.0 | 106 30 -29.2 8.4 66 21 26213 105 11 -10.6 2.8 | 114 30 -27.8 12.3 67 20 26430 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 101 27 -26.3 5.2 68 20 26518 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 98 26 -25.4 3.7 69 18 27127 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 103 29 -27.8 6.6 70 17 27432 80 13 -12.8 -2.3 | 103 31 -30.0 7.2 71 16 27737 135 10 -7.1 7.1 | 124 29 -24.3 16.5 72 14 28956 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 90 21 -20.6 0.0 73 13 29261 75 12 -11.6 -3.1 | 102 29 -28.8 6.3 74 10 31000 125 6 -4.9 3.4 | 120 26 -22.1 12.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 268.8 at 26.2 knts Storm direction: 298.8 at 19.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.5 neg: 4.1 tot: 6.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 114.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 173.4 neg: -26.8 tot: 146.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 48.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.46 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.1 stream: 5.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.28 Bulk Shear: 119.68 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 136 5 122 25| 8.0 0.0 8.0| 50.3 0.0 50.3 100.6 0.73| 10.7 7.9 1000 175 5 129 23| 4.0 0.0 4.0| 56.6 -4.6 52.0 52.0 0.39| 10.1 4.0 1500 233 7 140 18| 2.7 5.4 8.1|107.5 -4.6 102.9 68.6 0.62| 12.3 7.6 2000 248 11 154 15| 2.5 4.1 6.6|130.6 -11.9 118.7 59.4 0.50| 13.2 6.6 2500 253 14 166 14| 2.0 4.9 6.9|143.9 -26.8 117.1 46.8 0.42| 12.9 5.4 3000 255 17 176 14| 2.5 4.1 6.6|173.4 -26.8 146.6 48.9 0.46| 12.1 5.5 4000 260 20 193 13| 2.2 3.3 5.5|184.1 -33.4 150.8 37.7 0.44| 9.7 4.3 5000 264 23 206 13| 2.7 2.7 5.3|235.6 -33.4 202.2 40.4 0.51| 9.0 4.6 6000 269 26 222 13| 2.2 3.3 5.5|246.8 -82.8 164.0 27.3 0.38| 9.0 3.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250501.12.gif