UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025043012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 30 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 30 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 180 350 4 SFC 995 215 3.6 0.1 78 3.5 2.1 350 4 277.1 277.8 275.5 287.8 3.87 2 949 600 -0.3 -1.0 95 0.7 -0.6 301 6 277.0 277.6 275.2 287.2 3.74 3 945 634 -0.3 -2.0 88 1.7 -1.0 301 6 277.3 277.9 275.0 286.9 3.49 4 925 806 -1.1 -3.5 84 2.4 -2.0 310 9 278.2 278.7 275.1 287.0 3.19 5 917 875 -1.3 -4.0 82 2.7 -2.3 316 9 278.7 279.2 275.3 287.3 3.10 6 915 893 -1.5 -4.3 81 2.8 -2.6 318 9 278.6 279.2 275.2 287.1 3.03 7 903 998 0.0 -6.0 64 6.0 -2.2 317 10 281.2 281.7 276.1 288.9 2.70 8 890 1115 1.8 -3.2 69 5.0 -0.3 313 11 284.3 284.9 278.6 293.9 3.39 9 887 1142 1.6 -3.2 70 4.8 -0.4 312 11 284.3 284.9 278.6 294.0 3.40 10 870 1299 2.0 -5.0 60 7.0 -0.8 312 14 286.3 286.9 279.1 295.1 3.03 11 865 1345 2.0 -9.0 44 11.0 -2.0 312 15 286.8 287.2 278.3 293.4 2.23 12 861 1383 3.0 -26.0 10 29.0 -4.1 313 16 288.2 288.3 276.6 289.9 0.53 13 860 1392 3.4 -28.6 7 32.0 -4.1 313 16 288.7 288.8 276.7 290.1 0.42 14 850 1487 3.4 -28.6 7 32.0 -4.2 315 18 289.7 289.8 277.2 291.1 0.42 15 845 1535 3.2 -28.8 7 32.0 -4.3 315 16 290.0 290.1 277.3 291.3 0.42 16 825 1728 2.0 -30.0 7 32.0 -5.3 315 21 290.7 290.8 277.6 292.0 0.38 17 817 1807 2.6 -43.4 2 46.0 -5.4 315 22 292.2 292.2 277.9 292.5 0.10 18 700 3050 0.2 -42.8 2 43.0 -7.7 300 36 302.7 302.7 282.7 303.2 0.13 19 686 3211 0.2 -44.8 2 45.0 -7.8 300 34 304.5 304.5 283.3 304.8 0.10 20 617 4055 -2.5 -43.5 3 41.0 -9.9 303 35 310.7 310.8 285.8 311.2 0.13 21 575 4608 -6.5 -35.5 8 29.0 -12.4 295 38 312.4 312.4 286.6 313.5 0.32 22 548 4981 -10.1 -27.1 23 17.0 -14.2 294 40 312.4 312.6 287.1 315.0 0.76 23 547 4995 -10.1 -26.1 26 16.0 -14.0 294 40 312.6 312.7 287.2 315.4 0.83 24 500 5680 -14.9 -36.9 13 22.0 -18.6 290 43 314.9 314.9 287.4 316.0 0.32 25 459 6323 -19.9 -51.9 4 32.0 -23.1 293 45 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.7 0.07 26 444 6569 -22.1 -52.1 5 30.0 -24.9 291 46 316.7 316.7 287.8 316.9 0.07 27 400 7330 -27.5 -54.5 6 27.0 -29.5 280 68 319.2 319.3 288.6 319.5 0.06 28 354 8197 -34.1 -53.1 13 19.0 -35.3 275 78 321.7 321.7 289.3 322.0 0.08 29 338 8520 -35.3 -63.3 4 28.0 -36.5 275 80 324.4 324.4 290.1 324.5 0.02 30 300 9340 -41.1 -66.1 5 25.0 -41.9 275 83 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.5 0.02 31 250 10550 -50.9 -68.9 10 18.0 -51.2 285 92 330.4 330.4 291.8 330.5 0.01 32 247 10629 -51.5 -69.5 10 18.0 -51.8 286 92 330.6 330.6 291.9 330.7 0.01 33 227 11175 -53.9 -69.9 12 16.0 -54.1 292 100 335.1 335.1 293.1 335.1 0.01 34 215 11522 -56.4 -71.1 14 14.7 -56.6 295 114 336.4 336.4 293.4 336.5 0.01 35 209 11702 -57.7 -71.7 15 14.0 -57.9 292 104 337.1 337.1 293.6 337.2 0.01 36 203 11886 -57.5 -73.5 11 16.0 -57.7 287 90 340.3 340.3 294.4 340.3 0.01 37 200 11980 -57.5 -73.5 11 16.0 -57.7 285 82 341.7 341.7 294.7 341.7 0.01 38 190 12302 -58.9 -74.9 11 16.0 -59.0 276 73 344.5 344.5 295.4 344.5 0.01 39 173 12882 -64.1 -76.1 18 12.0 -64.2 260 76 345.3 345.3 295.6 345.3 0.01 40 172 12917 -64.5 -76.5 18 12.0 -64.6 260 78 345.2 345.2 295.6 345.2 0.01 41 169 13026 -61.5 -78.5 9 17.0 -61.6 263 78 351.9 351.9 297.1 351.9 0.01 42 163 13250 -59.5 -81.5 4 22.0 -59.7 270 79 358.9 358.9 298.5 358.9 0.00 43 150 13770 -59.1 -85.1 2 26.0 -59.3 290 56 368.3 368.3 300.2 368.3 0.00 44 134 14478 -58.3 -86.3 2 28.0 -58.6 279 45 381.8 381.8 302.5 381.8 0.00 45 131 14621 -56.3 -85.3 1 29.0 -56.6 282 43 387.8 387.8 303.5 387.8 0.00 46 121 15123 -58.9 -86.9 2 28.0 -59.2 271 35 392.0 392.0 304.0 392.0 0.00 47 116 15389 -56.7 -85.7 1 29.0 -57.1 264 36 400.8 400.8 305.3 400.8 0.00 48 108 15842 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.5 275 46 410.2 410.2 306.5 410.2 0.00 49 100 16330 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.7 260 20 417.0 417.0 307.4 417.0 0.00 50 88 17132 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.2 258 19 425.3 425.3 308.3 425.3 0.00 51 74 18212 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.5 273 23 448.6 448.6 310.7 448.6 0.00 52 70 18560 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 295 11 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.7 0.00 53 62 19314 -62.3 -88.3 2 26.0 -62.7 312 14 467.0 467.0 312.4 467.0 0.00 54 57 19833 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 19 10 479.8 479.8 313.4 479.8 0.00 55 54 20165 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.4 354 7 484.0 484.0 313.8 484.0 0.00 56 52 20398 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 323 12 492.5 492.5 314.4 492.5 0.00 57 50 20640 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.4 335 11 497.6 497.6 314.8 497.6 0.00 58 48 20893 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.1 326 14 501.5 501.6 315.1 501.6 0.00 59 42 21726 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -59.3 314 13 531.5 531.5 317.0 531.5 0.01 60 37 22522 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.9 5 12 547.0 547.0 317.9 547.0 0.00 61 31 23633 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.4 111 4 580.2 580.2 319.7 580.3 0.01 62 30 23840 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.9 80 6 587.3 587.3 320.0 587.4 0.01 63 26 24747 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.4 52 11 621.0 621.0 321.5 621.0 0.01 64 25 24997 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -57.2 61 13 625.1 625.1 321.7 625.2 0.01 65 24 25258 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.6 78 10 638.8 638.8 322.3 638.9 0.01 66 22 25816 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -56.0 143 6 653.7 653.7 322.8 653.8 0.01 67 20 26430 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -54.7 75 15 677.9 677.9 323.7 678.0 0.01 68 19 26763 -51.3 -85.3 1 34.0 -54.5 77 14 689.2 689.2 324.1 689.3 0.01 69 17 27484 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -55.5 82 12 708.3 708.3 324.7 708.4 0.02 70 16 27878 -50.3 -84.3 1 34.0 -54.2 85 11 727.2 727.2 325.3 727.3 0.02 71 15 28302 -47.3 -83.3 1 36.0 -52.5 87 9 750.7 750.7 326.0 750.9 0.03 72 14 28758 -47.7 -78.7 2 31.0 -52.9 87 8 764.3 764.3 326.3 764.8 0.06 TRP 172 12917 -64.5 -76.5 18 12.0 -64.6 260 78 345.2 345.2 295.6 345.2 0.01 WND 215 11522 -56.4 -71.1 14 14.7 -56.6 295 114 336.4 336.4 293.4 336.5 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5500.00 m Freezing level: 952.54 mb = 570.05 m = 1870.22 ft Freezing level: 903.00 mb = 998.38 m = 3275.50 ft Freezing level: 680.89 mb = 3273.92 m = 10741.07 ft Wetbulb zero: 958.88 mb = 515.50 m = 1691.24 ft Precipitable water: 0.22 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 21.71 % Est. max temperature: 16.42 C = 61.56 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 942.55 mb = 654.63 m = 2147.71 ft T: -0.40 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.74 C/km ThetaE index: 5.15 C Layer 865.0- 860.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 554.64 mb = 4887.67 m = 16035.47 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.44 g/kg Conv temperature: 38.82 C = 101.88 F Cap Strength: 22.66 C Lifted Index: 23.11 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 28.20 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 17.38 C Showalter Index: 20.53 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 4.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.30 C Cross Totals Index: -13.70 C K Index: -53.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 79.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.33 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 18.20 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.03 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 62726.69 J/kg Cap Strength: 22.95 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 905.73 mb = 974.26 m = 3196.36 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 329 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 350 4 0.7 -3.9 | 145 18 -10.6 15.1 1 948 610 300 6 5.2 -3.0 | 159 17 -6.1 16.0 2 925 806 310 9 6.9 -5.8 | 161 14 -4.4 13.3 3 913 914 320 9 5.8 -6.9 | 155 13 -5.6 12.1 4 879 1219 310 12 9.2 -7.7 | 169 12 -2.1 11.3 5 850 1487 315 18 12.7 -12.7 | 192 6 1.4 6.3 6 846 1524 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 180 8 -0.0 7.7 7 815 1829 315 23 16.3 -16.3 | 241 6 4.9 2.8 8 784 2134 310 26 19.9 -16.7 | 255 9 8.6 2.3 9 755 2438 295 30 27.2 -12.7 | 248 17 15.9 6.4 10 727 2743 300 33 28.6 -16.5 | 262 17 17.2 2.5 11 700 3048 300 37 32.0 -18.5 | 269 21 20.7 0.5 12 700 3050 300 36 31.2 -18.0 | 267 20 19.8 1.0 13 673 3353 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 259 17 16.4 3.0 14 648 3658 305 34 27.9 -19.5 | 272 17 16.5 -0.5 15 623 3962 305 35 28.7 -20.1 | 273 17 17.3 -1.0 16 599 4267 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 258 21 20.4 4.2 17 554 4877 295 40 36.3 -16.9 | 265 25 24.9 2.1 18 500 5680 290 43 40.4 -14.7 | 262 29 29.1 4.3 19 473 6096 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 270 29 29.4 0.0 20 435 6706 290 46 43.2 -15.7 | 264 32 31.9 3.3 21 400 7330 280 68 67.0 -11.8 | 263 56 55.6 7.2 22 384 7620 275 73 72.7 -6.4 | 258 63 61.4 12.7 23 322 8839 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 261 72 71.3 11.8 24 309 9144 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 261 72 71.3 11.8 25 300 9340 275 83 82.7 -7.2 | 261 72 71.3 11.8 26 250 10550 285 92 88.9 -23.8 | 274 78 77.5 -4.8 27 234 10973 290 92 86.5 -31.5 | 279 76 75.1 -12.4 28 215 11522 295 114 103.3 -48.2 | 288 96 92.0 -29.1 29 213 11582 295 114 103.3 -48.2 | 288 96 92.0 -29.1 30 200 11980 285 82 79.2 -21.2 | 272 68 67.9 -2.2 31 184 12497 270 68 68.0 -0.0 | 251 60 56.7 19.0 32 175 12802 260 72 70.9 12.5 | 242 67 59.6 31.5 33 172 12917 260 78 76.8 13.5 | 244 73 65.5 32.6 34 159 13411 275 80 79.7 -7.0 | 260 69 68.4 12.1 35 150 13770 290 56 52.6 -19.2 | 270 41 41.3 -0.1 36 144 14021 290 50 47.0 -17.1 | 267 36 35.6 1.9 37 137 14326 275 47 46.8 -4.1 | 247 39 35.5 14.9 38 125 14935 290 39 36.6 -13.3 | 257 26 25.3 5.7 39 119 15240 260 32 31.5 5.6 | 219 32 20.2 24.6 40 108 15850 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 246 38 34.5 15.0 41 100 16330 260 20 19.7 3.5 | 200 24 8.4 22.5 42 98 16459 260 20 19.7 3.5 | 200 24 8.4 22.5 43 89 17069 250 18 16.9 6.2 | 192 26 5.6 25.2 44 85 17374 290 23 21.6 -7.9 | 223 15 10.3 11.2 45 77 17983 250 17 16.0 5.8 | 191 25 4.6 24.9 46 73 18288 280 25 24.6 -4.3 | 222 20 13.3 14.7 47 70 18560 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 175 14 -1.4 14.4 48 70 18593 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 177 10 -0.6 10.0 49 66 18898 295 11 10.0 -4.6 | 175 14 -1.4 14.4 50 60 19507 320 16 10.3 -12.3 | 171 7 -1.1 6.8 51 57 19812 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 123 18 -14.8 9.6 52 54 20117 360 6 -0.0 -6.0 | 139 17 -11.3 13.0 53 52 20422 320 12 7.7 -9.2 | 160 10 -3.6 9.8 54 50 20640 335 11 4.6 -10.0 | 144 11 -6.7 9.1 55 49 20726 315 18 12.7 -12.7 | 192 6 1.4 6.3 56 47 21031 335 11 4.6 -10.0 | 144 11 -6.7 9.1 57 45 21336 325 16 9.2 -13.1 | 160 6 -2.2 5.9 58 43 21641 305 13 10.6 -7.5 | 177 12 -0.7 11.6 59 39 22250 5 13 -1.1 -13.0 | 116 14 -12.5 6.1 60 37 22555 5 12 -1.0 -12.0 | 120 14 -12.4 7.1 61 35 22860 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 123 22 -18.4 12.0 62 32 23470 135 3 -2.1 2.1 | 148 25 -13.5 21.2 63 30 23840 80 6 -5.9 -1.0 | 136 25 -17.2 18.0 64 28 24384 40 8 -5.1 -6.1 | 128 21 -16.5 12.9 65 25 24994 60 13 -11.3 -6.5 | 119 26 -22.6 12.5 66 24 25298 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 129 27 -21.2 17.3 67 23 25603 200 2 0.7 1.9 | 153 23 -10.7 20.9 68 21 26213 40 12 -7.7 -9.2 | 117 21 -19.1 9.8 69 20 26430 75 15 -14.5 -3.9 | 120 30 -25.8 15.2 70 14 27432 90 8 -8.0 0.0 | 135 27 -19.3 19.0 71 13 27737 50 10 -7.7 -6.4 | 124 23 -19.0 12.6 72 10 28346 80 18 -17.7 -3.1 | 119 33 -29.1 15.9 73 9 28651 95 17 -16.9 1.5 | 126 35 -28.3 20.5 74 8 28956 110 12 -11.3 4.1 | 136 32 -22.6 23.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 299.2 at 29.5 knts Storm direction: 329.2 at 22.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.4 neg: 3.4 tot: 5.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 118.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 77.8 neg: -17.5 tot: 60.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 20.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.42 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 7.9 stream: 3.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.23 Bulk Shear: 78.85 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 315 5 154 17| 0.0 5.7 5.7| 21.7 0.0 21.7 43.4 0.74| 6.6 4.9 1000 314 8 157 15| 2.3 2.8 5.1| 31.5 -4.8 26.7 26.7 0.50| 6.7 3.3 1500 314 10 162 12| 4.4 1.9 6.3| 43.2 -5.1 38.1 25.4 0.56| 7.5 4.2 2000 313 14 173 10| 3.3 3.4 6.7| 50.1 -5.5 44.6 22.3 0.54| 7.8 4.2 2500 308 17 195 9| 2.7 4.1 6.7| 65.8 -9.7 56.1 22.5 0.47| 8.1 3.8 3000 306 20 215 9| 2.4 3.4 5.8| 77.8 -17.5 60.3 20.1 0.42| 7.9 3.3 4000 305 24 235 10| 2.0 2.9 4.9| 93.9 -41.6 52.2 13.1 0.32| 7.3 2.3 5000 302 27 246 12| 1.6 3.0 4.6|108.6 -49.2 59.4 11.9 0.30| 6.6 2.0 6000 299 30 252 15| 1.6 2.8 4.4|140.3 -59.7 80.6 13.4 0.31| 6.1 1.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250430.12.gif