UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025043000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 30 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 30 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 57 SFC 981 215 18.6 12.6 68 6.0 14.9 220 17 293.4 295.0 288.8 320.2 9.38 2 975 268 17.0 12.5 75 4.5 14.2 225 22 292.3 293.9 288.4 318.9 9.37 3 972 295 17.2 12.6 74 4.6 14.4 227 25 292.7 294.4 288.6 319.7 9.47 4 966 349 19.2 14.2 73 5.0 16.0 232 31 295.3 297.2 290.5 325.7 10.59 5 964 367 19.0 14.0 73 5.0 15.8 234 32 295.2 297.1 290.4 325.4 10.48 6 959 412 20.2 14.2 68 6.0 16.3 238 37 296.9 298.8 291.1 327.8 10.67 7 957 430 19.6 13.6 68 6.0 15.8 239 39 296.5 298.3 290.6 326.2 10.28 8 945 541 20.4 14.4 68 6.0 16.5 249 50 298.3 300.3 291.8 330.3 10.97 9 944 550 20.2 14.2 68 6.0 16.3 250 51 298.2 300.2 291.6 329.8 10.84 10 943 559 21.2 15.2 69 6.0 17.2 251 52 299.3 301.4 292.6 333.2 11.59 11 939 596 21.6 14.6 64 7.0 17.0 254 56 300.1 302.1 292.5 332.9 11.19 12 926 719 20.8 14.8 69 6.0 16.8 255 59 300.5 302.6 292.9 334.3 11.50 13 925 728 20.6 14.6 68 6.0 16.7 255 59 300.4 302.5 292.7 333.7 11.37 14 875 1207 17.2 11.2 68 6.0 13.4 250 58 301.7 303.4 291.7 330.0 9.59 15 864 1315 16.4 10.4 68 6.0 12.7 250 57 301.9 303.6 291.5 329.2 9.20 16 850 1454 15.0 10.0 72 5.0 11.9 250 56 301.9 303.5 291.4 328.8 9.11 17 812 1839 11.4 8.6 83 2.8 9.7 255 50 302.0 303.6 291.1 327.7 8.67 18 795 2016 10.2 7.5 83 2.7 8.6 258 49 302.6 304.1 290.9 327.0 8.21 19 787 2100 9.6 6.1 79 3.5 7.6 259 48 302.8 304.2 290.3 325.3 7.52 20 782 2153 9.2 6.8 85 2.4 7.8 260 48 302.9 304.4 290.7 326.7 7.95 21 756 2432 7.4 2.4 71 5.0 4.7 260 48 303.9 305.0 289.4 322.1 6.03 22 747 2531 7.2 -0.8 57 8.0 3.2 260 50 304.7 305.6 288.6 319.5 4.83 23 738 2631 6.4 -0.6 61 7.0 2.8 260 52 304.9 305.8 288.8 320.1 4.96 24 726 2765 5.8 -6.2 42 12.0 0.4 260 54 305.7 306.3 287.4 316.0 3.31 25 714 2902 4.6 -5.4 48 10.0 0.0 258 55 305.8 306.5 287.8 317.0 3.58 26 711 2936 4.6 -9.4 35 14.0 -1.2 257 55 306.2 306.7 286.9 314.5 2.63 27 703 3028 3.6 -7.4 44 11.0 -1.2 256 56 306.1 306.7 287.3 315.8 3.12 28 701 3051 3.6 -11.4 32 15.0 -2.3 255 56 306.3 306.8 286.6 313.6 2.28 29 700 3063 3.6 -10.4 35 14.0 -2.1 255 56 306.5 306.9 286.8 314.3 2.47 30 680 3298 1.6 -11.4 37 13.0 -3.5 255 58 306.8 307.2 286.8 314.2 2.35 31 668 3442 0.6 -16.4 27 17.0 -5.3 255 58 307.2 307.5 286.2 312.4 1.59 32 661 3526 0.0 -11.0 43 11.0 -4.3 255 59 307.5 308.0 287.2 315.4 2.50 33 655 3599 -0.7 -13.7 37 13.0 -5.5 255 60 307.5 307.9 286.7 314.0 2.02 34 646 3710 -1.7 -12.7 43 11.0 -5.8 256 60 307.6 308.0 287.0 314.7 2.23 35 639 3797 -2.3 -7.3 69 5.0 -4.4 257 59 307.9 308.5 288.3 318.7 3.46 36 633 3872 -3.1 -9.1 63 6.0 -5.5 258 59 307.8 308.3 287.9 317.3 3.03 37 631 3897 -3.1 -11.1 54 8.0 -6.2 259 59 308.1 308.5 287.5 316.3 2.59 38 630 3910 -2.9 -15.9 36 13.0 -7.4 259 58 308.4 308.8 286.8 314.1 1.76 39 621 4024 -2.5 -32.5 8 30.0 -9.4 261 58 310.2 310.2 285.9 311.6 0.40 40 618 4062 -2.7 -30.7 10 28.0 -9.4 261 57 310.4 310.4 286.1 312.0 0.48 41 611 4153 -3.3 -14.3 42 11.0 -7.2 263 57 310.7 311.1 287.9 317.4 2.07 42 603 4257 -4.3 -11.3 58 7.0 -7.0 265 56 310.7 311.2 288.5 319.3 2.67 43 602 4270 -4.5 -8.7 72 4.2 -6.2 265 56 310.6 311.2 289.0 321.1 3.29 44 600 4297 -4.5 -8.4 74 3.9 -6.1 265 57 310.9 311.6 289.2 321.6 3.38 45 599 4310 -4.3 -10.3 63 6.0 -6.7 265 57 311.3 311.8 288.9 320.6 2.91 46 597 4336 -4.3 -10.3 63 6.0 -6.7 264 58 311.6 312.1 289.0 320.9 2.92 47 596 4349 -4.3 -10.3 63 6.0 -6.7 264 59 311.7 312.3 289.1 321.1 2.93 48 595 4363 -3.7 -15.7 39 12.0 -7.9 264 59 312.6 312.9 288.3 318.8 1.89 49 594 4376 -3.5 -17.5 33 14.0 -8.2 263 60 313.0 313.3 288.2 318.4 1.63 50 590 4430 -3.9 -16.9 36 13.0 -8.4 263 62 313.1 313.4 288.3 318.8 1.72 51 584 4510 -4.3 -21.3 25 17.0 -9.5 261 65 313.6 313.8 287.9 317.6 1.19 52 570 4702 -6.1 -19.1 35 13.0 -10.2 258 68 313.6 313.9 288.3 318.6 1.48 53 559 4854 -7.5 -13.5 62 6.0 -9.7 256 68 313.7 314.2 289.2 321.6 2.41 54 500 5720 -10.3 -40.3 7 30.0 -15.7 260 60 320.5 320.5 289.2 321.3 0.23 55 400 7390 -22.7 -31.7 44 9.0 -24.4 255 64 325.5 325.6 291.1 327.9 0.67 56 300 9440 -38.1 -47.1 38 9.0 -38.8 250 73 331.7 331.7 292.4 332.4 0.18 57 250 10660 -49.1 -57.1 39 8.0 -49.4 250 72 333.1 333.1 292.6 333.3 0.07 58 204 11957 -60.0 -65.0 52 5.0 -60.1 250 77 335.8 335.8 293.3 335.9 0.03 59 200 12080 -61.1 -65.8 54 4.7 -61.2 250 76 336.0 336.0 293.3 336.1 0.03 60 164 13288 -69.5 -74.0 52 4.5 -69.5 270 58 341.5 341.5 294.7 341.6 0.01 61 150 13830 -62.5 -78.5 10 16.0 -62.6 270 52 362.4 362.4 299.2 362.4 0.01 62 100 16340 -59.1 -86.1 2 27.0 -59.5 310 17 413.5 413.5 306.9 413.5 0.00 63 95 16661 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.0 302 17 416.5 416.5 307.3 416.5 0.00 64 90 16999 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 288 18 425.4 425.4 308.3 425.4 0.00 65 88 17141 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -57.9 288 19 432.1 432.1 309.1 432.2 0.00 66 71 18482 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 313 24 448.4 448.4 310.7 448.4 0.00 67 70 18570 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 315 27 452.4 452.4 311.1 452.4 0.00 68 62 19324 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 325 14 471.9 471.9 312.8 471.9 0.00 69 57 19844 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.8 340 10 475.7 475.7 313.1 475.7 0.00 70 53 20290 -63.7 -89.7 2 26.0 -64.0 343 14 485.2 485.2 313.8 485.2 0.00 71 50 20650 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -60.7 345 17 501.9 501.9 315.1 501.9 0.00 72 47 21038 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.7 345 17 516.1 516.1 316.1 516.1 0.00 73 43 21596 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.9 6 12 526.4 526.4 316.7 526.5 0.00 74 40 22051 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -57.9 352 5 543.0 543.0 317.7 543.0 0.00 75 35 22894 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.9 328 9 561.5 561.5 318.7 561.5 0.00 76 35 22894 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.9 328 9 564.6 564.6 318.9 564.6 0.01 77 32 23461 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.5 349 19 577.7 577.7 319.6 577.7 0.00 78 30 23870 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.0 25 7 593.3 593.3 320.3 593.4 0.01 79 29 24087 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.4 31 7 601.3 601.3 320.7 601.4 0.01 80 27 24545 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.2 33 6 614.9 614.9 321.3 614.9 0.01 81 25 25037 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -57.1 11 2 625.7 625.7 321.7 625.7 0.01 82 20 26480 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -53.4 150 7 683.4 683.4 323.9 683.5 0.01 83 19 26815 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -53.9 107 6 691.7 691.7 324.1 691.8 0.01 84 16 27941 -47.9 -84.9 1 37.0 -52.7 13 2 735.0 735.0 325.5 735.1 0.02 85 14 28817 -50.3 -85.3 1 35.0 -54.6 289 10 755.5 755.5 326.1 755.6 0.02 86 12 29829 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -53.5 316 17 798.7 798.8 327.2 799.0 0.03 87 11 30405 -46.5 -85.5 0 39.0 -53.2 354 15 823.2 823.2 327.8 823.4 0.02 88 10 31040 -44.5 -84.5 0 40.0 -52.5 30 16 853.4 853.5 328.5 853.7 0.03 89 8.7 31986 -38.9 -80.9 0 42.0 -50.5 5 16 909.9 909.9 329.6 910.6 0.07 90 8.6 32065 -38.7 -80.7 0 42.0 -50.4 3 16 913.7 913.7 329.7 914.4 0.07 91 8.3 32309 -39.9 -80.9 0 41.0 -51.1 356 15 918.3 918.3 329.8 919.0 0.07 92 7.8 32736 -38.3 -80.3 0 42.0 -50.8 345 15 941.1 941.2 330.2 942.0 0.08 93 7.4 33097 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -51.6 335 15 949.7 949.8 330.4 950.6 0.08 94 7.0 33480 -37.1 -79.1 0 42.0 -50.9 325 15 975.7 975.7 330.8 976.9 0.11 95 6.9 33580 -36.3 -79.3 0 43.0 -50.7 983.0 983.1 330.9 984.3 0.11 96 6.3 34210 -36.9 -78.9 0 42.0 -51.4 1006.4 1006.5 331.3 1007.9 0.13 97 5.9 34666 -34.5 -77.5 0 43.0 -50.8 1035.9 1036.0 331.8 1037.9 0.17 98 5.8 34786 -34.7 -77.7 0 43.0 -51.0 1040.1 1040.2 331.8 1042.1 0.17 TRP 164 13288 -69.5 -74.0 52 4.5 -69.5 270 58 341.5 341.5 294.7 341.6 0.01 WND 204 11957 -60.0 -65.0 52 5.0 -60.1 250 77 335.8 335.8 293.3 335.9 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5663.00 m Freezing level: 661.00 mb = 3526.27 m = 11569.00 ft Wetbulb zero: 713.95 mb = 2902.22 m = 9521.61 ft Precipitable water: 1.11 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 52.90 % Est. max temperature: 27.14 C = 80.85 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 897.33 mb = 989.56 m = 3246.56 ft T: 18.74 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.23 C/km ThetaE index: 1.60 C Layer 957.0- 945.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 814.08 mb = 1817.48 m = 5962.80 ft Mean mixing ratio: 10.60 g/kg Conv temperature: 27.20 C = 80.97 F Cap Strength: 2.93 C Lifted Index: 1.05 C Risk: Showers probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 2.37 C Lifted Index @700 mb: -0.64 C Showalter Index: 1.52 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 45.60 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 25.30 C Cross Totals Index: 20.30 C K Index: 21.30 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 338.71 Risk: Showers and thunderstorms possible Energy Index: -1.44 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 157.22 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 17.73 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 101.06 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.98 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 852.43 mb = 1429.65 m = 4690.40 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 727.43 mb = 2749.16 m = 9019.45 ft Equ Level (EL): 517.43 mb = 5453.92 m = 17893.21 ft B at Equ Level: 156.06 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 307.43 mb = 9265.59 m = 30398.53 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 286 at 43 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 981 215 220 17 10.9 13.0 | 130 39 -29.9 24.8 1 938 610 255 57 55.1 14.8 | 208 30 14.2 26.6 2 925 728 255 59 57.0 15.3 | 211 32 16.1 27.1 3 905 914 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 203 34 13.6 31.6 4 874 1219 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 203 34 13.6 31.6 5 850 1454 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 201 33 11.8 31.0 6 812 1829 255 50 48.3 12.9 | 197 26 7.4 24.7 7 783 2134 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 198 21 6.4 20.1 8 755 2438 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 198 21 6.4 20.1 9 728 2743 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 210 24 12.3 21.2 10 700 3063 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 207 29 13.2 26.3 11 649 3658 255 60 58.0 15.5 | 212 32 17.1 27.3 12 601 4267 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 222 22 14.9 16.7 13 578 4572 260 68 67.0 11.8 | 228 35 26.1 23.6 14 556 4877 255 68 65.7 17.6 | 220 38 24.8 29.4 15 535 5182 250 63 59.2 21.5 | 209 38 18.3 33.3 16 500 5720 260 60 59.1 10.4 | 219 29 18.2 22.2 17 476 6096 260 63 62.0 10.9 | 223 31 21.2 22.7 18 438 6706 255 58 56.0 15.0 | 209 31 15.2 26.8 19 400 7390 255 64 61.8 16.6 | 216 35 21.0 28.4 20 387 7620 255 63 60.9 16.3 | 215 34 20.0 28.1 21 313 9144 250 72 67.7 24.6 | 216 45 26.8 36.4 22 300 9440 250 73 68.6 25.0 | 217 46 27.7 36.8 23 250 10660 250 72 67.7 24.6 | 216 45 26.8 36.4 24 204 11957 250 77 72.4 26.3 | 220 49 31.5 38.1 25 200 12080 250 76 71.4 26.0 | 219 49 30.5 37.8 26 196 12192 250 77 72.4 26.3 | 220 49 31.5 38.1 27 164 13288 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 235 21 17.1 11.8 28 161 13411 275 60 59.8 -5.2 | 251 20 18.9 6.6 29 153 13716 250 56 52.6 19.2 | 201 33 11.8 31.0 30 150 13830 270 52 52.0 -0.0 | 223 16 11.1 11.8 31 138 14326 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 260 13 13.3 2.2 32 132 14630 300 37 32.0 -18.5 | 53 11 -8.8 -6.7 33 119 15240 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 145 18 -10.0 14.5 34 108 15850 285 51 49.3 -13.2 | 279 9 8.4 -1.4 35 103 16154 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 88 23 -22.8 -0.8 36 100 16340 310 17 13.0 -10.9 | 92 28 -27.8 0.9 37 98 16459 310 17 13.0 -10.9 | 92 28 -27.8 0.9 38 89 17069 285 18 17.4 -4.7 | 107 25 -23.5 7.1 39 85 17374 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 91 21 -20.9 0.3 40 81 17678 295 25 22.7 -10.6 | 94 18 -18.2 1.2 41 77 17983 315 14 9.9 -9.9 | 94 31 -31.0 1.9 42 73 18288 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 89 26 -26.3 -0.4 43 70 18570 315 27 19.1 -19.1 | 71 23 -21.8 -7.3 44 70 18593 305 29 23.8 -16.6 | 74 18 -17.1 -4.8 45 66 18898 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 74 32 -31.1 -9.0 46 60 19507 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 97 35 -34.4 4.1 47 57 19812 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 94 38 -37.4 2.4 48 50 20650 345 17 4.4 -16.4 | 83 37 -36.5 -4.6 49 49 20726 330 22 11.0 -19.1 | 76 31 -29.9 -7.3 50 47 21031 345 17 4.4 -16.4 | 83 37 -36.5 -4.6 51 45 21336 340 12 4.1 -11.3 | 91 37 -36.8 0.5 52 43 21641 10 12 -2.1 -11.8 | 90 43 -43.0 -0.0 53 41 21946 355 5 0.4 -5.0 | 100 41 -40.4 6.8 54 34 23165 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 97 35 -34.4 4.1 55 32 23470 350 19 3.3 -18.7 | 80 38 -37.6 -6.9 56 30 23774 25 5 -2.1 -4.5 | 100 44 -43.0 7.3 57 30 23870 25 7 -3.0 -6.3 | 97 44 -43.8 5.5 58 28 24384 40 7 -4.5 -5.4 | 98 46 -45.4 6.4 59 24 25298 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 106 43 -40.9 11.8 60 22 25908 25 12 -5.1 -10.9 | 91 46 -45.9 0.9 61 21 26213 25 13 -5.5 -11.8 | 90 46 -46.4 0.0 62 20 26480 150 7 -3.5 6.1 | 112 48 -44.4 17.9 63 17 27432 30 5 -2.5 -4.3 | 100 44 -43.4 7.5 64 15 28346 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 106 43 -40.9 11.8 65 14 28651 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 108 33 -31.0 10.1 66 13 29566 325 12 6.9 -9.8 | 93 34 -34.0 2.0 67 12 29870 315 17 12.0 -12.0 | 90 29 -28.8 -0.2 68 11 30175 340 14 4.8 -13.2 | 88 36 -36.1 -1.4 69 10 31040 30 16 -8.0 -13.9 | 88 49 -48.9 -2.1 70 7 33480 325 15 8.6 -12.3 | 89 32 -32.3 -0.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 256.1 at 56.7 knts Storm direction: 286.1 at 42.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.8 neg: 2.1 tot: 8.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 78.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 436.8 neg: -71.6 tot: 365.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 121.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.55 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.6 stream: 7.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.40 Bulk Rich Number: 4.48 Bulk Shear: 35.12 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 250 41 175 26| 47.2 0.0 47.2|403.6 0.0 403.6 807.1 0.97| 49.6 48.1 1000 250 50 192 29| 23.6 2.7 26.3|403.6 -36.0 367.6 367.6 0.80| 27.5 21.9 1500 251 52 195 30| 14.1 1.8 15.9|403.6 -59.4 344.2 229.4 0.66| 20.8 13.7 2000 252 51 196 29| 10.2 1.3 11.5|405.3 -64.2 341.1 170.6 0.58| 17.4 10.1 2500 254 51 197 27| 8.2 1.3 9.5|432.3 -64.2 368.1 147.2 0.60| 15.0 9.0 3000 254 52 199 27| 6.8 2.1 8.9|436.8 -71.6 365.2 121.7 0.55| 13.6 7.5 4000 255 53 203 28| 5.6 1.6 7.2|485.3 -71.6 413.6 103.4 0.54| 11.8 6.4 5000 256 56 207 29| 4.5 2.8 7.3|506.1-188.9 317.2 63.4 0.35| 12.1 4.2 6000 256 57 209 29| 4.2 2.5 6.7|569.2-198.8 370.4 61.7 0.36| 11.3 4.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250430.00.gif