UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 29 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 29 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 109 SFC 987 215 20.0 3.0 32 17.0 11.0 200 14 294.2 295.1 284.7 308.3 4.81 2 977 304 20.0 3.0 32 17.0 10.9 206 21 295.1 296.0 285.1 309.4 4.86 3 951 539 19.4 5.4 40 14.0 11.6 221 39 296.8 297.9 286.8 314.2 5.92 4 927 761 19.6 10.6 56 9.0 14.0 238 49 299.2 300.7 290.2 324.7 8.69 5 925 780 19.4 10.4 56 9.0 13.8 240 50 299.1 300.7 290.1 324.4 8.59 6 920 827 19.4 12.4 64 7.0 15.0 242 49 299.6 301.4 291.3 328.6 9.88 7 888 1131 17.0 12.0 72 5.0 13.8 252 47 300.2 302.0 291.6 329.5 9.97 8 869 1315 15.6 11.3 76 4.3 12.9 253 46 300.6 302.4 291.5 329.2 9.72 9 850 1503 14.4 9.8 74 4.6 11.6 250 44 301.2 302.9 291.1 327.8 8.98 10 835 1653 13.2 8.4 73 4.8 10.3 248 43 301.5 303.0 290.6 326.2 8.31 11 823 1775 12.4 7.4 72 5.0 9.5 246 42 301.9 303.4 290.3 325.3 7.87 12 813 1877 12.4 4.4 58 8.0 7.9 244 42 303.0 304.2 289.5 322.4 6.46 13 780 2224 9.8 3.8 66 6.0 6.5 241 44 303.8 305.0 289.8 323.2 6.45 14 772 2309 9.4 2.4 62 7.0 5.6 243 44 304.3 305.3 289.4 322.1 5.90 15 755 2494 7.8 3.8 76 4.0 5.6 247 44 304.5 305.7 290.2 324.6 6.67 16 745 2604 7.4 2.4 71 5.0 4.7 250 43 305.2 306.3 289.9 323.8 6.12 17 736 2704 8.8 -8.2 29 17.0 1.3 254 42 307.8 308.3 287.6 316.6 2.80 18 722 2863 8.2 -9.8 27 18.0 0.5 255 40 308.8 309.3 287.7 316.8 2.51 19 700 3118 6.4 -10.6 28 17.0 -0.7 255 35 309.6 310.0 287.9 317.4 2.43 20 680 3355 5.0 -13.0 26 18.0 -2.1 255 30 310.6 311.0 287.8 317.3 2.06 21 670 3476 3.8 -6.2 48 10.0 -0.8 255 32 310.6 311.2 289.3 321.9 3.59 22 661 3586 3.4 -12.6 30 16.0 -2.9 255 34 311.3 311.7 288.2 318.4 2.19 23 659 3610 3.4 -12.6 30 16.0 -3.0 255 34 311.6 312.0 288.3 318.7 2.20 24 609 4245 -1.9 -9.9 54 8.0 -5.2 246 28 312.6 313.1 289.4 322.1 2.96 25 600 4363 -2.7 -11.7 50 9.0 -6.2 246 27 313.0 313.5 289.2 321.4 2.60 26 595 4429 -3.1 -15.1 39 12.0 -7.4 247 28 313.3 313.7 288.7 319.8 1.99 27 578 4658 -4.9 -18.9 32 14.0 -9.4 251 29 313.8 314.1 288.3 318.7 1.49 28 560 4906 -6.9 -18.9 38 12.0 -10.7 255 31 314.3 314.6 288.5 319.4 1.53 29 557 4948 -7.1 -16.1 49 9.0 -10.2 256 31 314.5 314.9 289.0 321.0 1.95 30 537 5232 -9.7 -14.7 67 5.0 -11.5 259 32 314.7 315.2 289.4 322.2 2.28 31 530 5334 -10.1 -18.1 52 8.0 -12.6 257 31 315.4 315.8 289.1 321.2 1.73 32 526 5392 -10.7 -18.7 52 8.0 -13.2 255 30 315.4 315.7 289.0 320.9 1.66 33 518 5510 -11.5 -19.5 52 8.0 -13.9 252 28 315.8 316.1 289.0 321.1 1.57 34 500 5780 -13.9 -20.9 55 7.0 -15.9 245 24 316.1 316.4 289.0 321.0 1.45 35 479 6102 -17.1 -22.1 65 5.0 -18.4 245 27 316.0 316.3 288.9 320.6 1.36 36 477 6133 -16.9 -26.9 42 10.0 -19.1 247 28 316.7 316.8 288.6 319.7 0.89 37 467 6291 -18.1 -29.1 38 11.0 -20.4 257 31 317.1 317.2 288.6 319.7 0.74 38 466 6307 -18.1 -30.1 34 12.0 -20.5 258 32 317.3 317.4 288.6 319.7 0.67 39 461 6388 -18.1 -36.1 19 18.0 -21.1 264 34 318.3 318.4 288.6 319.7 0.38 40 459 6420 -18.1 -33.1 26 15.0 -20.8 265 34 318.7 318.8 288.9 320.5 0.51 41 456 6469 -18.3 -34.3 23 16.0 -21.1 265 34 319.0 319.1 288.9 320.7 0.46 42 453 6518 -18.7 -31.7 31 13.0 -21.2 266 34 319.1 319.2 289.1 321.2 0.59 43 451 6550 -18.9 -26.9 49 8.0 -20.7 266 34 319.3 319.5 289.5 322.5 0.94 44 450 6567 -19.1 -28.1 45 9.0 -21.0 266 34 319.2 319.4 289.4 322.2 0.84 45 449 6583 -18.9 -31.9 31 13.0 -21.4 266 34 319.7 319.8 289.3 321.8 0.59 46 446 6633 -19.1 -34.1 25 15.0 -21.8 266 34 320.0 320.1 289.3 321.8 0.48 47 445 6650 -19.3 -31.3 34 12.0 -21.6 266 34 320.0 320.1 289.4 322.2 0.63 48 443 6683 -19.5 -32.5 31 13.0 -21.9 266 33 320.2 320.3 289.4 322.2 0.56 49 441 6716 -19.7 -30.7 37 11.0 -21.8 266 33 320.3 320.5 289.6 322.7 0.67 50 439 6750 -19.9 -26.9 54 7.0 -21.4 267 33 320.5 320.7 289.9 323.8 0.96 51 438 6767 -20.1 -29.1 45 9.0 -22.0 267 33 320.4 320.6 289.8 323.2 0.79 52 436 6801 -20.3 -28.3 49 8.0 -22.0 267 33 320.6 320.8 289.9 323.6 0.85 53 434 6835 -20.5 -32.5 33 12.0 -22.7 267 33 320.8 320.9 289.6 322.8 0.57 54 420 7075 -22.5 -35.5 30 13.0 -24.6 268 33 321.2 321.3 289.6 322.8 0.44 55 400 7430 -25.1 -43.1 17 18.0 -27.2 270 32 322.4 322.4 289.7 323.2 0.21 56 300 9450 -41.5 -58.5 14 17.0 -42.2 285 51 326.9 326.9 290.9 327.1 0.05 57 250 10660 -50.9 -65.9 15 15.0 -51.2 290 43 330.4 330.4 291.9 330.5 0.02 58 200 12080 -61.9 -70.9 29 9.0 -62.0 305 44 334.7 334.7 293.0 334.8 0.01 59 173 12965 -67.7 -73.7 42 6.0 -67.7 300 38 339.3 339.3 294.1 339.4 0.01 60 150 13830 -64.7 -83.7 6 19.0 -64.8 285 25 358.6 358.6 298.4 358.6 0.00 61 100 16330 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.0 305 33 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 62 99 16393 -59.1 -86.1 2 27.0 -59.5 305 33 414.7 414.7 307.1 414.7 0.00 63 75 18108 -64.5 -88.5 2 24.0 -64.7 311 29 437.7 437.7 309.6 437.7 0.00 64 70 18530 -63.1 -89.1 2 26.0 -63.4 330 35 449.4 449.4 310.8 449.4 0.00 65 60 19485 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 323 30 476.4 476.4 313.1 476.4 0.00 66 59 19590 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.7 322 29 483.1 483.1 313.7 483.2 0.00 67 50 20630 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.7 340 9 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.2 0.00 68 47 21017 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.8 5 9 513.2 513.2 315.8 513.2 0.00 69 40 22021 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.1 300 7 531.4 531.4 317.0 531.4 0.00 70 35 22856 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -58.2 340 22 563.6 563.6 318.8 563.6 0.01 71 34 23039 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.3 352 19 565.1 565.1 318.9 565.1 0.00 72 30 23830 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -57.5 40 8 591.7 591.7 320.2 591.7 0.01 73 27 24502 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -56.0 15 7 615.4 615.4 321.3 615.5 0.01 74 21 26116 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.8 73 14 663.7 663.7 323.2 663.8 0.01 75 20 26430 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -55.6 75 12 674.3 674.3 323.6 674.3 0.01 76 19 26762 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -53.5 67 15 693.5 693.5 324.2 693.7 0.02 77 17 27492 -47.1 -84.1 1 37.0 -52.0 163 9 724.9 724.9 325.2 725.1 0.02 78 14 28768 -49.5 -84.5 1 35.0 -54.1 281 10 758.2 758.2 326.1 758.4 0.02 79 13 29254 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.6 327 11 778.6 778.6 326.7 778.8 0.02 80 12 29784 -45.5 -83.5 1 38.0 -52.2 20 13 806.5 806.5 327.4 806.8 0.03 81 10 31000 -44.7 -83.7 1 39.0 -52.5 45 4 852.7 852.7 328.5 853.0 0.04 82 9.7 31203 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -52.6 35 5 860.9 860.9 328.7 861.3 0.04 83 9.1 31633 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -50.9 15 6 892.9 892.9 329.3 893.5 0.06 84 7.4 33034 -42.1 -82.1 0 40.0 -52.7 308 11 940.0 940.0 330.2 940.6 0.06 85 7.0 33410 -41.5 -82.5 0 41.0 -52.7 290 12 957.5 957.5 330.5 958.2 0.06 86 6.7 33708 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -52.1 977.1 977.1 330.8 978.1 0.09 TRP 173 12965 -67.7 -73.7 42 6.0 -67.7 300 38 339.3 339.3 294.1 339.4 0.01 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5671.00 m Freezing level: 626.92 mb = 4017.19 m = 13179.58 ft Wetbulb zero: 712.83 mb = 2968.36 m = 9738.58 ft Precipitable water: 0.99 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 50.40 % Est. max temperature: 27.19 C = 80.95 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 765.57 mb = 2378.49 m = 7803.34 ft T: 8.80 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.63 C/km ThetaE index: 7.98 C Layer 745.0- 722.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 671.41 mb = 3458.82 m = 11347.71 ft Mean mixing ratio: 7.60 g/kg Conv temperature: 36.25 C = 97.25 F Cap Strength: 6.31 C Lifted Index: 2.37 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 5.24 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 5.91 C Showalter Index: -1.62 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 52.00 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 28.30 C Cross Totals Index: 23.70 C K Index: 21.10 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 289.60 Risk: None Energy Index: -1.33 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 24.78 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.04 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 54776.85 J/kg Cap Strength: 6.30 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 801.95 mb = 1991.77 m = 6534.58 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 278 at 27 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 987 215 200 14 4.8 13.2 | 128 27 -21.5 16.8 1 943 610 225 44 31.1 31.1 | 188 35 4.8 34.8 2 925 780 240 50 43.3 25.0 | 211 33 17.0 28.7 3 911 914 245 48 43.5 20.3 | 216 29 17.2 24.0 4 879 1219 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 230 25 19.1 15.8 5 850 1503 250 44 41.3 15.0 | 219 24 15.0 18.7 6 817 1829 245 42 38.1 17.7 | 209 24 11.8 21.4 7 788 2134 240 44 38.1 22.0 | 205 28 11.8 25.7 8 760 2438 245 44 39.9 18.6 | 211 26 13.6 22.3 9 732 2743 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 224 20 14.3 14.5 10 700 3118 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 211 15 7.5 12.7 11 680 3353 255 30 29.0 7.8 | 193 12 2.7 11.4 12 654 3658 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 211 15 7.5 12.7 13 605 4267 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 173 15 -1.8 15.1 14 560 4877 255 31 29.9 8.0 | 197 12 3.6 11.7 15 539 5182 260 33 32.5 5.7 | 213 11 6.2 9.4 16 500 5780 245 24 21.8 10.1 | 162 15 -4.5 13.8 17 499 5791 240 24 20.8 12.0 | 161 17 -5.5 15.7 18 479 6096 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 173 15 -1.8 15.1 19 460 6401 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 229 10 7.6 6.6 20 400 7430 270 32 32.0 -0.0 | 237 7 5.7 3.7 21 389 7620 270 33 33.0 -0.0 | 241 8 6.7 3.7 22 313 9144 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 282 22 22.0 -4.8 23 300 9450 285 51 49.3 -13.2 | 293 25 23.0 -9.5 24 274 10058 280 55 54.2 -9.6 | 282 28 27.9 -5.9 25 250 10660 290 43 40.4 -14.7 | 308 18 14.1 -11.0 26 250 10668 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 282 22 22.0 -4.8 27 238 10973 305 43 35.2 -24.7 | 337 23 8.9 -21.0 28 200 12080 305 44 36.0 -25.2 | 336 24 9.7 -21.6 29 178 12802 305 35 28.7 -20.1 | 352 17 2.4 -16.4 30 173 12965 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 337 17 6.6 -15.3 31 161 13411 290 51 47.9 -17.4 | 302 26 21.6 -13.8 32 150 13830 285 25 24.1 -6.5 | 38 4 -2.2 -2.8 33 145 14021 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 30 6 -2.8 -4.9 34 138 14326 275 32 31.9 -2.8 | 261 6 5.6 0.9 35 132 14630 290 40 37.6 -13.7 | 312 15 11.3 -10.0 36 119 15240 310 28 21.4 -18.0 | 19 15 -4.9 -14.3 37 114 15545 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 341 11 3.6 -10.3 38 108 15850 315 24 17.0 -17.0 | 35 16 -9.3 -13.3 39 103 16154 305 19 15.6 -10.9 | 56 13 -10.7 -7.2 40 100 16330 305 33 27.0 -18.9 | 357 15 0.7 -15.3 41 98 16459 305 33 27.0 -18.9 | 357 15 0.7 -15.3 42 84 17374 300 20 17.3 -10.0 | 55 11 -9.0 -6.3 43 76 17983 305 28 22.9 -16.1 | 15 13 -3.4 -12.4 44 73 18288 320 30 19.3 -23.0 | 20 21 -7.0 -19.3 45 70 18530 330 35 17.5 -30.3 | 18 28 -8.8 -26.6 46 66 18898 330 37 18.5 -32.0 | 15 29 -7.8 -28.4 47 57 19812 320 27 17.4 -20.7 | 28 19 -8.9 -17.0 48 54 20117 335 21 8.9 -19.0 | 49 23 -17.4 -15.4 49 52 20422 310 17 13.0 -10.9 | 61 15 -13.3 -7.3 50 50 20630 340 9 3.1 -8.5 | 78 24 -23.2 -4.8 51 45 21336 25 9 -3.8 -8.2 | 82 30 -30.1 -4.5 52 43 21641 335 3 1.3 -2.7 | 92 25 -25.0 1.0 53 39 22250 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 97 17 -16.5 1.9 54 37 22555 310 15 11.5 -9.6 | 68 16 -14.8 -6.0 55 35 22860 340 22 7.5 -20.7 | 48 25 -18.8 -17.0 56 33 23165 360 17 -0.0 -17.0 | 63 29 -26.3 -13.3 57 32 23470 50 15 -11.5 -9.6 | 81 38 -37.8 -6.0 58 30 23774 10 11 -1.9 -10.8 | 76 29 -28.2 -7.2 59 30 23830 40 8 -5.1 -6.1 | 86 32 -31.4 -2.5 60 29 24079 40 14 -9.0 -10.7 | 79 36 -35.3 -7.0 61 28 24384 25 6 -2.5 -5.4 | 87 29 -28.8 -1.8 62 25 24994 335 10 4.2 -9.1 | 76 23 -22.1 -5.4 63 23 25603 70 16 -15.0 -5.5 | 88 41 -41.3 -1.8 64 20 26430 75 12 -11.6 -3.1 | 91 38 -37.9 0.6 65 20 26518 65 17 -15.4 -7.2 | 85 42 -41.7 -3.5 66 18 27127 70 11 -10.3 -3.8 | 90 37 -36.6 -0.1 67 17 27432 145 9 -5.2 7.4 | 109 33 -31.5 11.0 68 16 27737 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 119 22 -19.2 10.7 69 14 28956 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 91 17 -16.9 0.3 70 13 29261 325 11 6.3 -9.0 | 75 21 -20.0 -5.3 71 12 29566 15 15 -3.9 -14.5 | 70 32 -30.2 -10.8 72 10 31000 45 4 -2.8 -2.8 | 92 29 -29.1 0.8 73 7 33410 290 12 11.3 -4.1 | 88 15 -15.0 -0.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 248.0 at 35.4 knts Storm direction: 278.0 at 26.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.2 neg: 1.9 tot: 8.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 76.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 496.9 neg: -92.8 tot: 404.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 134.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.51 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.8 stream: 8.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.07 Bulk Rich Number: 0.79 Bulk Shear: 31.24 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 222 33 171 28| 38.1 0.0 38.1|327.8 0.0 327.8 655.7 0.97| 42.2 41.1 1000 237 40 196 27| 20.9 0.0 20.9|445.5 0.0 445.5 445.5 0.93| 30.3 28.2 1500 242 42 204 26| 13.9 2.6 16.6|445.5 -48.8 396.8 264.5 0.71| 22.9 16.2 2000 242 42 205 26| 10.4 2.9 13.3|450.8 -70.4 380.4 190.2 0.61| 18.7 11.5 2500 243 42 207 26| 9.0 2.3 11.3|496.9 -70.4 426.5 170.6 0.63| 17.0 10.7 3000 245 42 208 24| 6.2 1.9 8.1|496.9 -92.8 404.1 134.7 0.51| 15.8 8.0 4000 247 39 206 21| 4.7 2.3 7.0|506.5-130.8 375.7 93.9 0.37| 13.7 5.1 5000 248 37 204 20| 4.6 1.8 6.4|533.5-132.3 401.3 80.3 0.41| 11.9 4.8 6000 248 35 201 18| 4.3 2.3 6.6|561.4-167.4 393.9 65.7 0.32| 11.7 3.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250429.12.gif