UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 29 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 29 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 162 0 0 SFC 994 215 23.2 -2.8 17 26.0 10.5 0 0 296.9 297.4 283.9 306.3 3.12 2 925 832 17.2 -5.8 20 23.0 6.8 215 8 296.9 297.4 283.4 305.0 2.68 3 914 934 16.2 -6.8 20 23.0 6.1 204 10 296.9 297.3 283.2 304.5 2.51 4 850 1545 11.4 -11.6 19 23.0 2.4 190 21 298.1 298.4 282.9 303.8 1.85 5 845 1594 11.0 -12.0 19 23.0 2.1 193 21 298.2 298.5 282.9 303.8 1.80 6 792 2130 6.8 -26.2 7 33.0 -2.4 224 18 299.3 299.4 281.8 301.1 0.57 7 754 2533 6.0 -38.0 2 44.0 -3.7 249 21 302.6 302.7 282.7 303.3 0.19 8 752 2554 6.0 -38.0 2 44.0 -3.8 251 21 302.9 302.9 282.8 303.5 0.19 9 748 2598 6.0 -38.0 2 44.0 -3.8 255 21 303.3 303.4 283.0 304.0 0.19 10 745 2631 6.0 -32.0 4 38.0 -3.6 259 21 303.7 303.7 283.4 304.9 0.35 11 741 2675 6.2 -14.8 21 21.0 -1.5 263 22 304.4 304.7 285.2 309.6 1.63 12 736 2730 6.0 -4.0 49 10.0 1.3 268 22 304.7 305.4 287.6 316.6 3.86 13 700 3138 2.2 -6.8 51 9.0 -1.7 270 19 304.9 305.5 287.1 315.1 3.28 14 689 3265 1.2 -6.8 55 8.0 -2.3 282 21 305.2 305.8 287.3 315.5 3.33 15 679 3383 0.4 -9.6 47 10.0 -3.6 290 22 305.6 306.1 286.8 314.1 2.72 16 649 3743 -2.7 -11.7 50 9.0 -6.1 287 22 306.0 306.5 286.6 313.6 2.40 17 643 3816 -3.1 -12.1 50 9.0 -6.4 290 22 306.4 306.8 286.7 313.8 2.35 18 641 3841 -3.1 -15.1 39 12.0 -7.2 291 22 306.7 307.0 286.2 312.6 1.84 19 635 3915 -3.5 -14.5 42 11.0 -7.4 293 22 307.0 307.4 286.5 313.3 1.96 20 624 4053 -4.3 -17.3 36 13.0 -8.5 297 22 307.7 308.0 286.3 312.8 1.58 21 622 4078 -3.9 -18.9 30 15.0 -8.6 298 22 308.4 308.7 286.4 312.9 1.38 22 608 4258 -4.5 -23.5 21 19.0 -9.8 304 22 309.7 309.9 286.4 312.9 0.94 23 573 4722 -6.7 -31.7 12 25.0 -12.3 294 24 312.5 312.5 286.8 314.1 0.47 24 539 5196 -10.1 -38.1 8 28.0 -15.2 305 26 313.9 314.0 287.1 314.9 0.27 25 517 5516 -12.7 -38.7 9 26.0 -17.1 305 27 314.5 314.6 287.2 315.5 0.26 26 500 5770 -14.3 -41.3 8 27.0 -18.4 305 28 315.6 315.6 287.5 316.4 0.21 27 484 6016 -15.9 -36.9 15 21.0 -19.4 298 26 316.6 316.6 288.0 317.8 0.33 28 462 6366 -17.5 -47.5 5 30.0 -21.2 297 26 318.8 318.9 288.5 319.3 0.11 29 455 6481 -18.1 -43.1 9 25.0 -21.5 298 27 319.5 319.5 288.8 320.2 0.19 30 423 7022 -22.5 -38.5 22 16.0 -24.8 303 29 320.6 320.6 289.3 321.8 0.32 31 403 7376 -25.3 -40.3 23 15.0 -27.2 308 31 321.4 321.5 289.5 322.5 0.28 32 400 7430 -25.7 -41.7 21 16.0 -27.6 310 32 321.6 321.6 289.5 322.5 0.25 33 392 7576 -26.9 -47.9 12 21.0 -28.9 314 31 321.9 321.9 289.5 322.4 0.13 34 382 7762 -27.9 -47.9 13 20.0 -29.7 322 32 323.0 323.0 289.8 323.5 0.13 35 377 7857 -28.7 -44.7 20 16.0 -30.3 326 32 323.1 323.2 289.9 323.8 0.19 36 373 7933 -29.5 -39.5 37 10.0 -30.7 330 33 323.0 323.1 290.0 324.3 0.33 37 364 8107 -31.1 -38.1 50 7.0 -31.9 325 35 323.2 323.2 290.2 324.6 0.39 38 349 8404 -33.7 -39.7 55 6.0 -34.3 325 37 323.6 323.6 290.2 324.9 0.35 39 342 8546 -34.3 -43.3 40 9.0 -35.1 330 37 324.6 324.7 290.5 325.6 0.24 40 340 8587 -34.7 -41.7 49 7.0 -35.4 331 37 324.6 324.7 290.5 325.7 0.29 41 322 8965 -37.3 -51.3 22 14.0 -38.2 336 39 326.1 326.1 290.7 326.5 0.11 42 314 9139 -38.9 -52.9 21 14.0 -39.7 330 42 326.3 326.3 290.7 326.6 0.09 43 310 9226 -39.5 -53.5 21 14.0 -40.2 330 43 326.6 326.6 290.9 327.0 0.08 44 300 9450 -41.5 -54.5 23 13.0 -42.1 330 46 326.9 326.9 290.9 327.2 0.08 45 289 9701 -43.7 -55.7 25 12.0 -44.2 330 47 327.2 327.3 291.0 327.5 0.07 46 266 10248 -48.9 -55.9 44 7.0 -49.1 330 47 327.5 327.5 291.1 327.8 0.07 47 265 10273 -49.3 -57.3 39 8.0 -49.6 330 47 327.3 327.3 291.0 327.5 0.06 48 261 10372 -49.9 -57.9 38 8.0 -50.1 330 46 327.8 327.8 291.2 328.1 0.06 49 253 10573 -51.7 -57.7 49 6.0 -51.9 330 45 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.3 0.06 50 250 10650 -52.3 -59.3 43 7.0 -52.5 330 44 328.3 328.3 291.3 328.5 0.05 51 249 10676 -52.7 -59.7 42 7.0 -52.9 330 44 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.3 0.05 52 247 10728 -53.1 -59.1 48 6.0 -53.2 330 43 328.3 328.3 291.3 328.5 0.05 53 244 10807 -53.7 -60.7 42 7.0 -53.8 330 43 328.5 328.5 291.3 328.7 0.04 54 238 10967 -54.7 -59.1 58 4.4 -54.8 330 42 329.3 329.4 291.6 329.6 0.06 55 231 11157 -56.1 -63.1 41 7.0 -56.2 330 40 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.2 0.03 56 218 11524 -59.3 -65.3 46 6.0 -59.4 336 46 330.6 330.6 291.9 330.7 0.03 57 207 11846 -61.7 -71.7 25 10.0 -61.8 344 55 331.8 331.8 292.2 331.8 0.01 58 200 12060 -61.3 -69.3 34 8.0 -61.4 355 40 335.7 335.7 293.3 335.8 0.02 59 173 12944 -68.1 -72.6 52 4.5 -68.1 340 31 338.7 338.7 294.0 338.7 0.01 60 159 13454 -65.4 -80.2 11 14.9 -65.5 310 62 351.5 351.5 297.0 351.6 0.00 61 150 13810 -63.5 -85.5 4 22.0 -63.6 310 43 360.7 360.7 298.8 360.7 0.00 62 100 16310 -59.9 -87.9 1 28.0 -60.2 315 30 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 63 86 17254 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.4 319 41 429.7 429.7 308.8 429.8 0.00 64 83 17475 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.8 321 41 431.3 431.3 309.0 431.3 0.00 65 77 17942 -60.9 -88.9 1 28.0 -61.3 323 34 441.9 441.9 310.1 441.9 0.00 66 73 18276 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.0 325 28 453.8 453.8 311.2 453.8 0.00 67 70 18540 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.6 320 20 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 68 62 19297 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 313 23 470.6 470.6 312.7 470.6 0.00 69 50 20640 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.2 295 13 505.6 505.6 315.4 505.6 0.00 70 42 21734 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.0 338 14 529.5 529.5 316.9 529.5 0.00 71 40 22040 -58.3 -89.3 1 31.0 -59.2 333 15 539.4 539.4 317.5 539.5 0.00 72 39 22200 -55.7 -88.7 1 33.0 -56.9 345 15 549.9 549.9 318.1 550.0 0.00 73 37 22535 -55.7 -88.7 1 33.0 -56.9 9 15 558.3 558.3 318.5 558.3 0.00 74 36 22710 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -56.8 37 12 563.2 563.2 318.8 563.2 0.01 75 35 22889 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -58.2 68 10 563.6 563.6 318.8 563.6 0.00 76 30 23870 -54.5 -88.5 1 34.0 -56.2 55 2 596.1 596.1 320.5 596.1 0.01 77 25 25045 -51.7 -86.7 1 35.0 -54.2 303 9 636.0 636.0 322.2 636.1 0.01 78 21 26174 -52.5 -87.5 1 35.0 -55.2 303 4 666.1 666.1 323.3 666.2 0.01 79 20 26490 -52.1 -87.1 1 35.0 -55.0 260 1 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 80 14 28815 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -53.9 8 8 759.5 759.6 326.2 759.7 0.02 81 13 29304 -46.7 -85.7 0 39.0 -52.7 34 7 784.1 784.1 326.8 784.3 0.02 82 11 30424 -41.9 -82.9 0 41.0 -50.8 135 8 839.9 839.9 328.2 840.3 0.04 83 10 31070 -41.7 -82.7 0 41.0 -51.1 185 6 863.9 863.9 328.7 864.3 0.04 84 9.4 31489 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -51.8 875.5 875.5 329.0 876.0 0.05 85 8.6 32090 -42.1 -83.1 0 41.0 -52.0 900.4 900.4 329.4 900.9 0.05 86 7.7 32843 -39.1 -81.1 0 42.0 -51.2 941.4 941.4 330.2 942.2 0.07 TRP 173 12944 -68.1 -72.6 52 4.5 -68.1 340 31 338.7 338.7 294.0 338.7 0.01 WND 159 13454 -65.4 -80.2 11 14.9 -65.5 310 62 351.5 351.5 297.0 351.6 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5608.00 m Freezing level: 675.13 mb = 3429.21 m = 11250.56 ft Wetbulb zero: 820.36 mb = 1838.90 m = 6033.07 ft Precipitable water: 0.37 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 22.41 % Est. max temperature: 24.53 C = 76.15 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 674.41 mb = 3436.78 m = 11275.38 ft T: -0.07 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.27 C/km ThetaE index: 5.14 C Layer 925.0- 754.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 515.14 mb = 5543.16 m = 18186.01 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.76 g/kg Conv temperature: 40.96 C = 105.73 F Cap Strength: 10.80 C Lifted Index: 11.05 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 15.43 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 7.22 C Showalter Index: 12.05 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 28.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 25.70 C Cross Totals Index: 2.70 C K Index: 5.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 208.29 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.70 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 0.97 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 1.39 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 52331.72 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.90 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 657.02 mb = 3644.94 m = 11958.31 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 305 at 15 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 125 15 -12.2 8.6 1 949 610 205 4 1.7 3.6 | 139 16 -10.5 12.2 2 925 832 215 8 4.6 6.6 | 153 17 -7.6 15.2 3 916 914 205 10 4.2 9.1 | 156 19 -7.9 17.7 4 883 1219 195 14 3.6 13.5 | 159 24 -8.5 22.1 5 852 1524 195 21 5.4 20.3 | 167 30 -6.7 28.9 6 850 1545 190 21 3.6 20.7 | 164 31 -8.5 29.3 7 821 1829 205 19 8.0 17.2 | 171 26 -4.1 25.8 8 791 2134 225 18 12.7 12.7 | 182 21 0.6 21.3 9 762 2438 240 20 17.3 10.0 | 195 19 5.2 18.6 10 735 2743 270 22 22.0 -0.0 | 229 13 9.8 8.6 11 708 3048 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 218 11 6.8 8.6 12 700 3138 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 218 11 6.8 8.6 13 681 3353 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 263 9 8.5 1.1 14 655 3658 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 252 10 9.1 2.9 15 606 4267 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 304 7 5.9 -4.0 16 560 4877 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 270 11 11.3 0.1 17 539 5182 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 305 11 9.1 -6.3 18 500 5770 305 28 22.9 -16.1 | 305 13 10.8 -7.5 19 479 6096 295 25 22.7 -10.6 | 281 11 10.5 -2.0 20 406 7315 305 30 24.6 -17.2 | 305 15 12.4 -8.6 21 400 7430 310 32 24.5 -20.6 | 314 17 12.4 -12.0 22 389 7620 315 31 21.9 -21.9 | 324 17 9.8 -13.3 23 373 7925 330 33 16.5 -28.6 | 348 20 4.3 -20.0 24 357 8230 320 36 23.1 -27.6 | 330 22 11.0 -19.0 25 327 8839 340 38 13.0 -35.7 | 358 27 0.8 -27.1 26 313 9144 330 42 21.0 -36.4 | 342 29 8.8 -27.8 27 300 9450 330 46 23.0 -39.8 | 341 33 10.8 -31.2 28 274 10058 330 48 24.0 -41.6 | 340 35 11.8 -33.0 29 250 10650 330 44 22.0 -38.1 | 342 31 9.8 -29.5 30 226 11278 330 39 19.5 -33.8 | 344 26 7.3 -25.2 31 206 11887 345 56 14.5 -54.1 | 357 46 2.3 -45.5 32 200 12060 355 40 3.5 -39.8 | 16 32 -8.7 -31.2 33 177 12802 5 32 -2.8 -31.9 | 33 28 -15.0 -23.3 34 173 12944 340 31 10.6 -29.1 | 4 21 -1.6 -20.5 35 168 13106 345 31 8.0 -29.9 | 11 22 -4.1 -21.3 36 160 13411 315 41 29.0 -29.0 | 320 26 16.8 -20.4 37 159 13454 310 62 47.5 -39.9 | 311 47 35.3 -31.2 38 152 13716 310 62 47.5 -39.9 | 311 47 35.3 -31.2 39 150 13810 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 312 28 20.8 -19.0 40 145 14021 315 40 28.3 -28.3 | 321 25 16.1 -19.7 41 125 14935 305 40 32.8 -22.9 | 305 25 20.6 -14.3 42 119 15240 310 44 33.7 -28.3 | 312 29 21.5 -19.7 43 113 15545 325 43 24.7 -35.2 | 335 29 12.5 -26.6 44 108 15850 300 34 29.4 -17.0 | 296 19 17.3 -8.4 45 100 16310 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 324 16 9.1 -12.6 46 98 16459 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 324 16 9.1 -12.6 47 84 17374 320 43 27.6 -32.9 | 328 29 15.5 -24.3 48 73 18288 325 28 16.1 -22.9 | 345 15 3.9 -14.3 49 70 18540 320 20 12.9 -15.3 | 354 7 0.7 -6.7 50 69 18593 330 21 10.5 -18.2 | 10 10 -1.7 -9.6 51 63 19202 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 304 8 6.7 -4.6 52 60 19507 330 24 12.0 -20.8 | 1 12 -0.2 -12.2 53 57 19812 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 320 7 4.7 -5.5 54 54 20117 335 24 10.1 -21.8 | 9 13 -2.0 -13.1 55 52 20422 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 85 9 -8.7 -0.8 56 50 20640 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 173 3 -0.4 3.1 57 49 20726 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 173 3 -0.4 3.1 58 47 21031 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 206 5 2.3 4.7 59 45 21336 320 21 13.5 -16.1 | 350 8 1.3 -7.5 60 43 21641 345 13 3.4 -12.6 | 66 10 -8.8 -3.9 61 41 21946 325 15 8.6 -12.3 | 44 5 -3.6 -3.7 62 37 22555 10 15 -2.6 -14.8 | 67 16 -14.8 -6.2 63 35 22860 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 100 21 -20.8 3.6 64 32 23470 195 4 1.0 3.9 | 138 17 -11.1 12.5 65 30 23870 55 2 -1.6 -1.1 | 118 16 -13.8 7.5 66 28 24384 180 2 0.0 2.0 | 131 16 -12.2 10.6 67 24 25298 350 12 2.1 -11.8 | 72 11 -10.1 -3.2 68 23 25603 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 87 16 -15.6 -0.8 69 20 26490 260 1 1.0 0.2 | 128 14 -11.2 8.8 70 19 26822 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 125 15 -12.2 8.6 71 17 27432 310 4 3.1 -2.6 | 124 11 -9.1 6.0 72 17 27737 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 152 6 -2.8 5.2 73 16 28042 320 17 10.9 -13.0 | 16 5 -1.2 -4.4 74 15 28346 350 17 3.0 -16.7 | 49 12 -9.2 -8.1 75 14 28651 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 83 12 -12.2 -1.4 76 13 29261 25 3 -1.3 -2.7 | 114 15 -13.4 5.9 77 13 29566 60 19 -16.5 -9.5 | 88 29 -28.6 -0.9 78 12 29870 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 111 24 -22.2 8.6 79 10 31070 185 6 0.5 6.0 | 141 19 -11.6 14.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 275.3 at 19.9 knts Storm direction: 305.3 at 14.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.9 neg: 2.4 tot: 6.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 106.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 183.6 neg: -10.6 tot: 173.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 57.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.8 stream: 5.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 48.23 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 206 3 135 16| 0.0 6.1 6.1| 21.3 -1.1 20.3 40.6 0.61| 8.9 5.4 1000 204 6 147 17| 0.0 7.2 7.2| 40.9 -1.1 39.9 39.9 0.53| 9.1 4.8 1500 198 11 155 21| 2.0 4.8 6.8| 75.7 -5.3 70.4 46.9 0.50| 9.3 4.7 2000 204 13 161 21| 2.7 3.6 6.3|120.0 -5.3 114.7 57.3 0.56| 9.6 5.3 2500 216 14 169 21| 4.5 2.9 7.4|175.6 -5.3 170.2 68.1 0.64| 10.5 6.7 3000 228 15 177 19| 3.9 2.4 6.3|183.6 -10.6 173.1 57.7 0.59| 9.8 5.8 4000 250 17 195 15| 3.8 1.8 5.6|207.8 -13.2 194.6 48.7 0.62| 9.0 5.6 5000 265 18 211 12| 3.5 1.8 5.3|226.2 -23.5 202.7 40.5 0.55| 8.5 4.7 6000 275 20 228 10| 2.9 1.8 4.7|227.5 -38.7 188.9 31.5 0.46| 7.7 3.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250429.00.gif