UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 28 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 28 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1001 215 3.4 -0.1 78 3.5 1.9 135 5 276.5 277.1 275.0 286.9 3.79 1 1000 225 3.6 -1.1 71 4.7 1.7 220 6 276.8 277.3 274.8 286.4 3.52 2 996 258 5.6 -2.4 56 8.0 2.3 214 6 279.1 279.6 275.6 288.0 3.21 3 993 282 7.8 -3.2 46 11.0 3.2 209 6 281.5 282.0 276.7 290.1 3.04 4 983 366 8.2 -1.8 49 10.0 3.8 194 5 282.7 283.3 277.8 292.4 3.40 5 979 400 10.0 -4.0 37 14.0 4.1 188 5 284.9 285.4 278.2 293.2 2.90 6 977 417 10.2 -4.8 34 15.0 3.9 185 5 285.2 285.7 278.2 293.1 2.73 7 976 425 10.2 -4.8 34 15.0 3.9 183 5 285.3 285.8 278.3 293.2 2.74 8 958 580 11.2 -3.8 35 15.0 4.6 155 4 287.9 288.4 279.8 296.6 3.01 9 925 872 9.4 -7.6 29 17.0 2.6 190 2 288.9 289.3 279.4 295.8 2.33 10 861 1462 5.2 -10.8 30 16.0 -0.7 171 9 290.5 290.9 279.7 296.4 1.95 11 850 1567 4.6 -13.4 26 18.0 -1.6 205 8 291.0 291.2 279.4 295.8 1.60 12 845 1615 4.2 -14.8 24 19.0 -2.1 220 8 291.0 291.3 279.3 295.4 1.43 13 818 1879 5.4 -33.6 4 39.0 -3.5 283 7 295.0 295.1 279.5 295.9 0.27 14 796 2102 4.8 -32.2 5 37.0 -3.9 272 7 296.7 296.8 280.4 297.8 0.32 15 700 3135 -2.1 -41.1 3 39.0 -9.0 265 11 300.2 300.2 281.6 300.7 0.15 16 676 3411 -3.7 -42.7 3 39.0 -10.2 305 13 301.4 301.4 282.1 301.8 0.13 17 617 4123 -9.1 -30.1 16 21.0 -13.5 298 16 303.2 303.2 283.4 304.9 0.51 18 608 4237 -9.9 -34.9 11 25.0 -14.5 296 17 303.5 303.6 283.2 304.6 0.32 19 603 4300 -10.1 -31.1 16 21.0 -14.3 295 17 304.0 304.1 283.7 305.6 0.47 20 600 4339 -10.5 -22.5 37 12.0 -13.6 295 17 304.0 304.2 284.3 307.4 1.05 21 596 4390 -10.9 -27.9 23 17.0 -14.6 295 17 304.1 304.2 283.9 306.2 0.65 22 588 4493 -11.7 -29.7 21 18.0 -15.4 295 17 304.3 304.4 283.9 306.2 0.55 23 585 4533 -12.1 -26.1 30 14.0 -15.2 295 17 304.3 304.5 284.1 306.9 0.78 24 583 4559 -12.1 -29.1 23 17.0 -15.6 295 17 304.6 304.7 284.0 306.6 0.59 25 582 4572 -12.1 -21.1 47 9.0 -14.5 295 17 304.8 305.0 284.8 308.7 1.22 26 580 4598 -11.9 -13.6 87 1.7 -12.5 295 17 305.3 305.7 286.2 312.6 2.31 27 579 4611 -11.7 -12.2 96 0.5 -11.9 296 17 305.7 306.2 286.7 313.8 2.59 28 578 4625 -11.5 -12.4 93 0.9 -11.8 297 18 306.1 306.5 286.8 314.1 2.55 29 559 4880 -12.9 -14.7 86 1.8 -13.5 309 22 307.3 307.8 286.9 314.3 2.19 30 527 5326 -16.1 -17.4 90 1.3 -16.5 321 24 308.7 309.1 287.0 314.7 1.85 31 524 5369 -16.3 -17.3 92 1.0 -16.6 320 24 309.0 309.3 287.1 315.1 1.88 32 520 5426 -16.3 -19.7 75 3.4 -17.2 318 24 309.7 310.0 287.0 314.7 1.54 33 512 5543 -16.9 -19.3 82 2.4 -17.6 315 25 310.3 310.6 287.3 315.6 1.62 34 500 5720 -18.1 -20.7 80 2.6 -18.8 310 25 311.0 311.2 287.3 315.8 1.47 35 494 5810 -18.9 -21.3 81 2.4 -19.5 306 26 311.1 311.3 287.3 315.7 1.41 36 472 6149 -20.5 -25.4 65 4.9 -21.5 315 30 313.2 313.4 287.6 316.6 1.03 37 465 6259 -21.3 -26.3 64 5.0 -22.4 314 30 313.5 313.7 287.7 316.8 0.96 38 440 6664 -24.9 -28.5 72 3.6 -25.5 313 30 314.0 314.1 287.7 316.8 0.83 39 436 6730 -25.3 -31.3 57 6.0 -26.3 312 30 314.3 314.4 287.6 316.5 0.64 40 431 6814 -25.9 -31.9 57 6.0 -26.8 312 30 314.5 314.7 287.6 316.7 0.61 41 420 7001 -27.7 -31.5 70 3.8 -28.3 311 30 314.6 314.7 287.7 316.8 0.65 42 410 7174 -28.9 -33.5 64 4.6 -29.6 311 30 315.2 315.3 287.8 317.1 0.55 43 406 7244 -29.3 -37.3 46 8.0 -30.3 310 30 315.6 315.6 287.8 316.9 0.38 44 405 7261 -29.3 -35.3 56 6.0 -30.1 310 30 315.8 315.9 287.9 317.4 0.47 45 400 7350 -29.9 -37.9 46 8.0 -30.9 320 36 316.1 316.2 287.9 317.4 0.36 46 394 7458 -30.5 -39.5 41 9.0 -31.5 320 37 316.7 316.8 288.1 317.9 0.31 47 385 7622 -31.9 -36.6 63 4.7 -32.4 320 38 317.0 317.1 288.3 318.5 0.43 48 378 7751 -32.9 -37.5 63 4.6 -33.4 321 39 317.3 317.4 288.3 318.8 0.40 49 373 7845 -33.3 -39.3 55 6.0 -33.9 321 40 318.0 318.1 288.5 319.2 0.34 50 366 7978 -34.5 -39.4 61 4.9 -35.0 322 41 318.1 318.2 288.5 319.4 0.34 51 355 8191 -35.9 -42.9 49 7.0 -36.5 324 43 319.0 319.1 288.7 319.9 0.24 52 351 8270 -36.7 -42.7 54 6.0 -37.2 324 44 319.0 319.0 288.7 319.9 0.25 53 348 8330 -36.9 -44.9 43 8.0 -37.5 325 45 319.5 319.5 288.8 320.3 0.20 54 341 8470 -37.9 -45.9 43 8.0 -38.5 325 46 320.0 320.0 288.9 320.7 0.18 55 335 8592 -39.3 -46.3 47 7.0 -39.8 326 47 319.7 319.8 288.9 320.4 0.18 56 300 9340 -45.1 -51.1 51 6.0 -45.4 325 52 321.8 321.8 289.5 322.2 0.12 57 250 10530 -55.1 -60.1 54 5.0 -55.2 325 61 324.1 324.2 290.0 324.3 0.05 58 211 11591 -62.9 -67.3 55 4.4 -63.0 330 72 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.02 59 210 11620 -62.8 -67.3 55 4.5 -62.9 330 72 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.02 60 200 11920 -62.3 -67.3 51 5.0 -62.4 330 69 334.1 334.1 292.9 334.2 0.02 61 150 13720 -57.7 -84.7 2 27.0 -58.0 315 44 370.7 370.7 300.7 370.7 0.00 62 100 16270 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -58.9 310 32 414.7 414.7 307.1 414.7 0.00 63 88 17068 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 325 35 428.1 428.1 308.6 428.1 0.00 64 81 17587 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.0 299 31 442.5 442.5 310.1 442.5 0.00 65 70 18500 -60.3 -88.3 1 28.0 -60.7 310 25 455.4 455.4 311.4 455.4 0.00 66 65 18963 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 305 27 464.7 464.7 312.2 464.7 0.00 67 64 19060 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 304 28 466.8 466.8 312.4 466.8 0.00 68 62 19259 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.8 301 29 473.7 473.7 313.0 473.7 0.00 69 58 19676 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -60.8 297 31 480.5 480.5 313.5 480.6 0.00 70 54 20125 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -58.4 313 28 496.5 496.5 314.7 496.5 0.00 71 51 20486 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -59.7 333 24 501.4 501.4 315.1 501.4 0.00 72 50 20610 -59.1 -89.1 1 30.0 -59.7 340 22 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.2 0.00 73 41 21861 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -57.3 7 12 540.6 540.6 317.6 540.7 0.00 74 39 22177 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.3 328 3 545.9 545.9 317.9 545.9 0.00 75 34 23046 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.2 301 10 571.4 571.4 319.2 571.5 0.01 76 31 23632 -56.9 -88.9 1 32.0 -58.2 354 13 584.0 584.0 319.9 584.0 0.00 77 30 23840 -56.1 -89.1 1 33.0 -57.5 25 6 591.7 591.7 320.2 591.7 0.00 78 23 25545 -52.1 -87.1 1 35.0 -54.7 36 11 650.2 650.2 322.7 650.2 0.01 79 20 26450 -52.1 -87.1 1 35.0 -55.0 145 6 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 80 17 27510 -49.3 -86.3 1 37.0 -53.4 198 4 717.9 717.9 325.0 718.0 0.01 81 17 27510 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -53.8 198 4 716.0 716.0 324.9 716.1 0.01 82 10 31020 -45.1 -85.1 0 40.0 -52.8 265 8 851.2 851.2 328.4 851.5 0.03 83 10 31020 -45.3 -85.3 0 40.0 -52.9 265 8 850.5 850.5 328.4 850.7 0.03 84 9.1 31652 -43.1 -83.1 0 40.0 -52.2 882.1 882.2 329.1 882.6 0.04 85 8.6 32032 -44.5 -84.5 0 40.0 -53.1 891.1 891.1 329.2 891.4 0.04 86 8.0 32520 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -52.0 922.4 922.4 329.8 923.0 0.06 TRP 211 11591 -62.9 -67.3 55 4.4 -63.0 330 72 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.2 0.02 WND 210 11620 -62.8 -67.3 55 4.5 -62.9 330 72 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5495.00 m Freezing level: 729.22 mb = 2820.48 m = 9253.44 ft Wetbulb zero: 874.33 mb = 1335.66 m = 4382.03 ft Precipitable water: 0.30 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 31.68 % Est. max temperature: 17.86 C = 64.14 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 948.20 mb = 665.88 m = 2184.63 ft T: 10.67 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.19 C/km ThetaE index: 0.95 C Layer 850.0- 818.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 592.00 mb = 4441.50 m = 14571.67 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.73 g/kg Conv temperature: 31.14 C = 88.06 F Cap Strength: 14.46 C Lifted Index: 14.75 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.33 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.60 C Showalter Index: 13.81 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 27.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 22.70 C Cross Totals Index: 4.70 C K Index: -29.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 41.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.17 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 37.38 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.65 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 71463.62 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.50 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 759.80 mb = 2475.86 m = 8122.81 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 327 at 11 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1001 215 135 5 -3.5 3.5 | 143 15 -9.3 12.3 1 1000 225 220 6 3.9 4.6 | 172 14 -1.9 13.4 2 955 610 150 4 -2.0 3.5 | 148 15 -7.8 12.3 3 925 872 190 2 0.3 2.0 | 153 12 -5.4 10.8 4 920 914 185 3 0.3 3.0 | 155 13 -5.5 11.8 5 887 1219 175 7 -0.6 7.0 | 158 17 -6.4 15.8 6 854 1524 170 10 -1.7 9.8 | 158 20 -7.5 18.6 7 850 1567 205 8 3.4 7.3 | 172 16 -2.4 16.1 8 823 1829 285 7 6.8 -1.8 | 188 7 1.0 7.0 9 792 2134 270 7 7.0 -0.0 | 188 9 1.2 8.8 10 763 2438 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 212 7 3.9 6.2 11 735 2743 255 11 10.6 2.8 | 203 13 4.8 11.6 12 708 3048 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 203 11 4.2 9.7 13 700 3135 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 208 11 5.2 9.8 14 680 3353 305 13 10.6 -7.5 | 255 5 4.9 1.3 15 654 3658 305 14 11.5 -8.0 | 262 6 5.7 0.8 16 604 4267 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 260 10 9.6 1.6 17 581 4572 295 17 15.4 -7.2 | 260 10 9.6 1.6 18 558 4877 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 296 12 11.1 -5.3 19 536 5182 325 24 13.8 -19.7 | 324 13 8.0 -10.9 20 500 5720 310 25 19.2 -16.1 | 299 15 13.4 -7.3 21 495 5791 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 291 17 15.5 -6.1 22 475 6096 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 309 20 15.4 -12.4 23 402 7315 310 30 23.0 -19.3 | 301 20 17.2 -10.5 24 400 7350 320 36 23.1 -27.6 | 317 26 17.4 -18.8 25 385 7620 320 38 24.4 -29.1 | 317 28 18.6 -20.3 26 309 9144 330 53 26.5 -45.9 | 331 42 20.7 -37.1 27 300 9340 325 52 29.8 -42.6 | 325 41 24.0 -33.8 28 250 10530 325 61 35.0 -50.0 | 325 50 29.2 -41.2 29 211 11591 330 72 36.0 -62.4 | 331 61 30.2 -53.6 30 210 11620 330 72 36.0 -62.4 | 331 61 30.2 -53.6 31 201 11887 330 72 36.0 -62.4 | 331 61 30.2 -53.6 32 200 11920 330 69 34.5 -59.8 | 331 58 28.7 -51.0 33 150 13720 315 44 31.1 -31.1 | 311 34 25.3 -22.3 34 118 15240 320 39 25.1 -29.9 | 318 29 19.3 -21.1 35 107 15850 320 33 21.2 -25.3 | 317 23 15.4 -16.5 36 100 16270 310 32 24.5 -20.6 | 302 22 18.7 -11.8 37 97 16459 310 32 24.5 -20.6 | 302 22 18.7 -11.8 38 92 16764 305 33 27.0 -18.9 | 295 24 21.3 -10.1 39 88 17069 325 35 20.1 -28.7 | 324 24 14.3 -19.9 40 80 17678 295 30 27.2 -12.7 | 280 22 21.4 -3.9 41 72 18288 310 31 23.7 -19.9 | 302 21 18.0 -11.1 42 70 18500 310 25 19.2 -16.1 | 299 15 13.4 -7.3 43 57 19812 295 32 29.0 -13.5 | 281 24 23.2 -4.7 44 50 20610 340 22 7.5 -20.7 | 352 12 1.7 -11.9 45 49 20726 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 294 6 5.5 -2.5 46 47 21031 340 20 6.8 -18.8 | 354 10 1.1 -10.0 47 45 21336 315 8 5.7 -5.7 | 178 3 -0.1 3.1 48 42 21641 360 17 -0.0 -17.0 | 35 10 -5.8 -8.2 49 40 21946 10 10 -1.7 -9.8 | 82 8 -7.5 -1.0 50 39 22250 315 1 0.7 -0.7 | 148 10 -5.1 8.1 51 37 22555 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 241 10 8.7 4.9 52 35 22860 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 218 3 1.9 2.4 53 33 23165 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 216 6 3.3 4.6 54 32 23470 330 16 8.0 -13.9 | 336 6 2.2 -5.1 55 30 23774 15 10 -2.6 -9.7 | 84 8 -8.4 -0.9 56 30 23840 25 6 -2.5 -5.4 | 112 9 -8.3 3.4 57 29 24079 105 1 -1.0 0.3 | 143 11 -6.7 9.1 58 28 24384 65 5 -4.5 -2.1 | 123 12 -10.3 6.7 59 25 24994 350 13 2.3 -12.8 | 41 5 -3.5 -4.0 60 23 25603 40 11 -7.1 -8.4 | 92 13 -12.9 0.4 61 22 25908 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 110 16 -15.2 5.4 62 21 26213 55 11 -9.0 -6.3 | 100 15 -14.8 2.5 63 20 26450 145 6 -3.4 4.9 | 146 17 -9.2 13.7 64 20 26518 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 112 17 -15.4 6.2 65 19 26822 105 10 -9.7 2.6 | 126 19 -15.4 11.4 66 17 27432 185 4 0.3 4.0 | 157 14 -5.4 12.8 67 14 28651 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 147 11 -5.8 8.8 68 11 30175 200 10 3.4 9.4 | 173 18 -2.4 18.2 69 10 31020 265 8 8.0 0.7 | 193 10 2.2 9.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 296.7 at 14.0 knts Storm direction: 326.7 at 10.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.5 neg: 0.7 tot: 3.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 77.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 80.3 neg: -22.0 tot: 58.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 19.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.33 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.7 stream: 2.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 1.06 Bulk Shear: 35.11 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 186 5 159 14| 2.9 0.0 2.9| 25.6 -17.6 8.0 16.0 0.18| 12.2 2.2 1000 182 4 157 14| 2.3 0.0 2.3| 31.4 -17.6 13.8 13.8 0.21| 9.0 1.9 1500 184 6 160 15| 3.6 0.0 3.6| 64.3 -17.8 46.5 31.0 0.36| 11.1 4.0 2000 208 6 168 14| 3.1 0.0 3.1| 67.3 -18.0 49.2 24.6 0.33| 9.9 3.3 2500 232 7 178 13| 2.5 0.8 3.3| 72.2 -21.5 50.7 20.3 0.30| 9.4 2.9 3000 242 7 184 12| 2.5 0.7 3.2| 80.3 -22.0 58.4 19.5 0.33| 8.7 2.9 4000 271 9 202 9| 2.5 0.9 3.4| 88.6 -22.5 66.1 16.5 0.35| 7.9 2.8 5000 286 11 223 8| 3.0 0.7 3.7|127.3 -22.7 104.6 20.9 0.45| 7.7 3.5 6000 297 14 250 7| 2.9 1.1 4.1|151.6 -52.6 99.0 16.5 0.35| 7.6 2.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250428.12.gif