UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 28 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 28 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 201 220 15 SFC 998 215 10.2 1.2 54 9.0 6.0 220 15 283.5 284.2 279.2 295.3 4.18 2 994 248 8.8 -0.2 53 9.0 4.7 224 15 282.4 283.1 278.2 293.1 3.79 3 986 315 8.4 -0.6 53 9.0 4.4 233 15 282.7 283.3 278.2 293.1 3.71 4 979 375 10.6 -3.4 37 14.0 4.5 240 15 285.5 286.0 278.7 294.2 3.03 5 972 435 11.8 -5.2 30 17.0 4.6 248 14 287.3 287.7 279.1 295.0 2.67 6 970 452 11.8 -5.2 30 17.0 4.6 250 14 287.4 287.9 279.2 295.2 2.67 7 961 530 11.8 -5.2 30 17.0 4.6 260 14 288.2 288.7 279.6 296.1 2.70 8 925 849 9.2 -5.8 34 15.0 2.9 305 15 288.7 289.2 279.8 296.6 2.68 9 906 1021 7.8 -6.2 36 14.0 2.1 318 17 289.0 289.5 279.9 296.8 2.65 10 899 1084 7.6 -10.4 27 18.0 0.9 321 18 289.4 289.8 279.1 295.2 1.92 11 878 1279 5.8 -10.2 31 16.0 -0.2 325 21 289.5 289.9 279.3 295.5 2.00 12 865 1400 4.8 -11.2 30 16.0 -1.0 325 22 289.7 290.1 279.3 295.3 1.88 13 850 1543 4.4 -16.6 20 21.0 -2.3 325 24 290.8 291.0 278.9 294.5 1.23 14 830 1736 3.0 -19.0 18 22.0 -3.6 328 25 291.3 291.4 278.8 294.4 1.02 15 808 1952 1.4 -16.6 25 18.0 -4.2 332 25 291.8 292.0 279.4 295.8 1.29 16 792 2113 0.6 -18.4 23 19.0 -5.0 335 23 292.6 292.8 279.6 296.1 1.13 17 787 2164 0.4 -18.6 22 19.0 -5.2 337 23 292.9 293.1 279.7 296.4 1.12 18 782 2215 0.8 -25.2 12 26.0 -5.8 341 24 293.9 294.0 279.5 295.9 0.63 19 720 2874 -1.5 -34.5 6 33.0 -8.2 356 27 298.4 298.5 281.1 299.4 0.28 20 700 3098 -2.7 -36.7 5 34.0 -9.2 350 28 299.5 299.5 281.4 300.3 0.24 21 679 3338 -3.9 -40.9 4 37.0 -10.3 346 29 300.8 300.8 281.9 301.3 0.16 22 643 3765 -6.5 -31.5 12 25.0 -11.7 340 31 302.5 302.6 283.0 304.0 0.43 23 612 4149 -8.9 -49.9 2 41.0 -14.2 340 33 304.1 304.1 283.1 304.3 0.07 24 609 4187 -8.9 -47.9 3 39.0 -14.2 340 33 304.5 304.5 283.3 304.8 0.08 25 518 5417 -18.1 -51.1 4 33.0 -21.4 330 37 307.8 307.9 284.6 308.1 0.07 26 514 5475 -18.5 -51.5 4 33.0 -21.8 330 38 308.0 308.1 284.7 308.3 0.06 27 502 5650 -19.1 -44.1 9 25.0 -22.1 330 41 309.4 309.4 285.3 310.0 0.15 28 500 5680 -19.1 -39.1 15 20.0 -21.9 330 42 309.8 309.8 285.5 310.7 0.26 29 498 5710 -19.3 -35.3 23 16.0 -21.8 330 42 309.9 309.9 285.8 311.2 0.38 30 496 5740 -19.5 -28.5 45 9.0 -21.2 330 43 310.0 310.1 286.2 312.5 0.73 31 471 6122 -22.9 -25.9 76 3.0 -23.5 330 48 310.4 310.6 286.6 313.7 0.98 32 445 6536 -25.7 -31.7 57 6.0 -26.6 328 52 311.9 312.0 286.8 314.0 0.60 33 426 6851 -28.3 -30.9 78 2.6 -28.7 327 54 312.5 312.7 287.1 314.9 0.68 34 418 6987 -29.1 -33.1 68 4.0 -29.7 326 55 313.2 313.3 287.1 315.2 0.56 35 413 7073 -30.1 -33.1 75 3.0 -30.5 326 56 313.0 313.1 287.1 315.0 0.57 36 400 7300 -31.9 -37.9 55 6.0 -32.6 325 58 313.5 313.6 287.0 314.8 0.36 37 392 7442 -32.9 -38.9 55 6.0 -33.5 325 58 314.0 314.1 287.2 315.2 0.34 38 387 7532 -33.9 -39.9 55 6.0 -34.5 325 59 313.9 313.9 287.1 315.0 0.31 39 371 7825 -36.5 -44.5 43 8.0 -37.1 325 61 314.2 314.3 287.1 315.0 0.20 40 362 7994 -37.9 -43.9 53 6.0 -38.4 325 63 314.6 314.6 287.2 315.4 0.21 41 358 8070 -38.1 -47.1 38 9.0 -38.7 325 63 315.3 315.3 287.4 315.9 0.15 42 353 8167 -38.7 -47.7 38 9.0 -39.2 325 64 315.8 315.8 287.5 316.3 0.15 43 347 8284 -39.5 -48.5 38 9.0 -40.0 325 65 316.3 316.3 287.7 316.8 0.13 44 344 8343 -39.9 -52.9 24 13.0 -40.5 325 66 316.5 316.5 287.7 316.8 0.08 45 342 8383 -40.1 -53.1 24 13.0 -40.7 325 66 316.8 316.8 287.8 317.1 0.08 46 333 8564 -41.7 -51.7 33 10.0 -42.2 325 68 317.0 317.0 287.9 317.4 0.10 47 330 8625 -42.1 -56.1 20 14.0 -42.6 326 68 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.5 0.06 48 324 8748 -43.3 -53.3 32 10.0 -43.7 327 68 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.6 0.08 49 317 8895 -44.5 -55.5 28 11.0 -44.9 328 67 317.6 317.6 288.1 317.8 0.07 50 311 9022 -45.9 -54.9 35 9.0 -46.2 329 67 317.4 317.4 288.0 317.7 0.07 51 302 9216 -47.1 -58.1 27 11.0 -47.4 327 67 318.4 318.4 288.3 318.6 0.05 52 300 9260 -47.5 -58.5 27 11.0 -47.8 325 67 318.4 318.4 288.3 318.6 0.05 53 297 9327 -47.9 -56.9 35 9.0 -48.2 324 67 318.8 318.8 288.4 319.0 0.06 54 294 9394 -48.7 -59.7 27 11.0 -49.0 324 67 318.5 318.6 288.3 318.7 0.04 55 280 9715 -50.5 -65.5 15 15.0 -50.8 321 66 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.5 0.02 56 265 10074 -53.3 -63.3 29 10.0 -53.5 318 66 321.4 321.4 289.2 321.5 0.03 57 250 10450 -55.3 -69.3 16 14.0 -55.5 315 65 323.9 323.9 289.9 323.9 0.01 58 221 11230 -59.5 -71.5 20 12.0 -59.6 315 68 329.0 329.0 291.5 329.1 0.01 59 218 11316 -59.1 -72.5 16 13.4 -59.2 320 70 330.9 330.9 292.0 331.0 0.01 60 200 11860 -56.5 -78.5 5 22.0 -56.7 320 61 343.3 343.3 295.1 343.3 0.00 61 150 13680 -57.5 -85.5 2 28.0 -57.8 315 44 371.0 371.0 300.8 371.0 0.00 62 100 16250 -57.1 -88.1 1 31.0 -57.5 300 28 417.4 417.4 307.4 417.4 0.00 63 83 17420 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 294 32 433.3 433.3 309.2 433.3 0.00 64 75 18055 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.6 292 36 451.1 451.1 311.0 451.1 0.00 65 73 18225 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.3 298 37 452.9 452.9 311.1 452.9 0.00 66 70 18490 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -56.9 305 38 463.9 463.9 312.1 464.0 0.00 67 65 18963 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -55.7 316 29 476.9 476.9 313.2 476.9 0.00 68 59 19577 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.5 356 8 481.3 481.3 313.5 481.4 0.00 69 53 20253 -57.3 -89.3 1 32.0 -58.0 309 16 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.1 0.00 70 51 20495 -58.7 -89.7 1 31.0 -59.3 302 11 502.3 502.3 315.1 502.3 0.00 71 50 20620 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.6 270 13 507.0 507.0 315.4 507.0 0.00 72 48 20878 -56.5 -89.5 1 33.0 -57.4 255 9 516.3 516.3 316.1 516.3 0.00 73 42 21722 -58.9 -89.9 1 31.0 -59.7 261 10 530.5 530.5 316.9 530.5 0.00 74 39 22191 -55.5 -88.5 1 33.0 -56.7 296 13 550.4 550.4 318.1 550.5 0.00 75 36 22700 -56.5 -89.5 1 33.0 -57.6 352 15 560.6 560.6 318.7 560.6 0.00 76 34 23064 -55.3 -89.3 1 34.0 -56.7 330 11 573.0 573.0 319.3 573.0 0.00 77 32 23450 -56.7 -89.7 1 33.0 -58.0 348 13 579.3 579.3 319.6 579.3 0.00 78 30 23860 -56.1 -90.1 1 34.0 -57.5 330 7 591.7 591.7 320.2 591.7 0.00 79 28 24300 -53.9 -88.9 1 35.0 -55.8 306 7 609.6 609.6 321.0 609.6 0.01 80 24 25291 -53.3 -88.3 1 35.0 -55.6 23 12 638.8 638.8 322.3 638.9 0.01 81 22 25853 -51.7 -87.7 1 36.0 -54.5 48 11 659.7 659.7 323.0 659.7 0.01 82 20 26470 -52.1 -88.1 1 36.0 -55.0 150 4 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 83 18 27153 -51.3 -88.3 0 37.0 -54.6 181 9 699.9 699.9 324.4 700.0 0.01 84 17 27526 -49.1 -87.1 0 38.0 -53.3 267 5 718.5 718.5 325.0 718.6 0.01 85 15 28347 -49.5 -87.5 0 38.0 -53.9 343 10 743.4 743.4 325.7 743.5 0.01 86 14 28802 -45.5 -84.5 0 39.0 -51.7 301 10 771.7 771.8 326.5 771.9 0.02 87 14 28802 -45.3 -84.3 0 39.0 -51.6 301 10 772.4 772.4 326.5 772.6 0.02 88 12 29827 -47.1 -86.1 0 39.0 -53.2 302 11 800.9 800.9 327.3 801.0 0.02 89 11 30403 -46.9 -85.9 0 39.0 -53.4 256 2 821.8 821.8 327.8 822.0 0.02 90 11 30403 -45.1 -85.1 0 40.0 -52.4 256 2 828.3 828.3 327.9 828.5 0.03 91 10 31040 -44.7 -84.7 0 40.0 -52.6 260 6 852.7 852.7 328.5 853.0 0.03 92 9.7 31245 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -51.8 266 6 866.9 867.0 328.8 867.3 0.04 93 8.9 31828 -40.9 -81.9 0 41.0 -51.2 283 6 896.3 896.3 329.4 896.8 0.05 94 8.3 32303 -41.7 -82.7 0 41.0 -52.0 297 7 911.2 911.2 329.7 911.7 0.05 95 7.0 33460 -41.1 -82.1 0 41.0 -52.5 330 7 959.1 959.2 330.5 959.9 0.07 96 6.4 34074 -37.3 -79.3 0 42.0 -51.4 1000.2 1000.2 331.2 1001.5 0.12 97 6.0 34520 -36.9 -78.9 0 42.0 -51.6 1020.5 1020.6 331.5 1022.1 0.13 98 5.8 34756 -34.1 -77.1 0 43.0 -50.8 1042.7 1042.8 331.9 1044.9 0.18 TRP 221 11230 -59.5 -71.5 20 12.0 -59.6 315 68 329.0 329.0 291.5 329.1 0.01 WND 218 11316 -59.1 -72.5 16 13.4 -59.2 320 70 330.9 330.9 292.0 331.0 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5479.00 m Freezing level: 760.43 mb = 2444.25 m = 8019.10 ft Wetbulb zero: 881.11 mb = 1249.55 m = 4099.53 ft Precipitable water: 0.24 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 13.95 % Est. max temperature: 17.49 C = 63.48 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 870.14 mb = 1352.04 m = 4435.77 ft T: 5.20 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.35 C/km ThetaE index: 2.19 C Layer 994.0- 986.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 587.85 mb = 4455.72 m = 14618.31 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.83 g/kg Conv temperature: 31.94 C = 89.50 F Cap Strength: 12.70 C Lifted Index: 12.93 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 16.17 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.29 C Showalter Index: 13.75 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 26.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 23.50 C Cross Totals Index: 2.50 C K Index: -27.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 90.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.43 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 25.54 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.15 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 80458.25 J/kg Cap Strength: 12.31 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 757.12 mb = 2472.96 m = 8113.28 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 4 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 998 215 220 15 9.6 11.5 | 199 35 11.2 33.0 1 952 610 270 14 14.0 -0.0 | 216 27 15.6 21.5 2 925 849 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 227 19 13.9 12.9 3 918 914 315 16 11.3 -11.3 | 232 16 12.9 10.2 4 884 1219 325 20 11.5 -16.4 | 249 14 13.1 5.1 5 850 1543 325 24 13.8 -19.7 | 263 15 15.4 1.9 6 820 1829 330 26 13.0 -22.5 | 274 15 14.6 -1.0 7 790 2134 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 267 11 11.3 0.7 8 760 2438 360 25 -0.0 -25.0 | 335 4 1.6 -3.5 9 732 2743 360 27 -0.0 -27.0 | 344 6 1.6 -5.5 10 700 3098 350 28 4.9 -27.6 | 313 9 6.5 -6.1 11 651 3658 340 31 10.6 -29.1 | 302 14 12.2 -7.6 12 601 4267 340 33 11.3 -31.0 | 306 16 12.9 -9.5 13 555 4877 335 31 13.1 -28.1 | 294 16 14.7 -6.6 14 534 5182 330 33 16.5 -28.6 | 291 19 18.1 -7.1 15 500 5680 330 42 21.0 -36.4 | 303 27 22.6 -14.9 16 472 6096 330 48 24.0 -41.6 | 308 33 25.6 -20.1 17 400 7300 325 58 33.3 -47.5 | 307 43 34.9 -26.0 18 382 7620 325 59 33.8 -48.3 | 307 44 35.4 -26.8 19 334 8534 325 68 39.0 -55.7 | 310 53 40.6 -34.2 20 305 9144 330 67 33.5 -58.0 | 316 51 35.1 -36.5 21 300 9260 325 67 38.4 -54.9 | 310 52 40.0 -33.4 22 250 10450 315 65 46.0 -46.0 | 297 53 47.6 -24.4 23 230 10973 315 69 48.8 -48.8 | 298 57 50.4 -27.3 24 221 11230 315 68 48.1 -48.1 | 298 56 49.7 -26.6 25 218 11316 320 70 45.0 -53.6 | 305 57 46.6 -32.1 26 209 11582 320 70 45.0 -53.6 | 305 57 46.6 -32.1 27 200 11860 320 61 39.2 -46.7 | 302 48 40.8 -25.2 28 181 12497 330 48 24.0 -41.6 | 308 33 25.6 -20.1 29 172 12802 315 44 31.1 -31.1 | 286 34 32.7 -9.6 30 164 13106 310 50 38.3 -32.1 | 285 41 39.9 -10.6 31 150 13680 315 44 31.1 -31.1 | 286 34 32.7 -9.6 32 149 13716 315 38 26.9 -26.9 | 281 29 28.5 -5.4 33 117 15240 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 267 42 42.4 2.5 34 112 15545 300 45 39.0 -22.5 | 271 41 40.6 -1.0 35 102 16154 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 269 23 22.8 0.3 36 100 16250 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 254 27 25.9 7.5 37 97 16459 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 254 27 25.9 7.5 38 76 17983 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 255 36 34.5 9.5 39 72 18288 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 266 35 34.5 2.5 40 70 18490 305 38 31.1 -21.8 | 270 33 32.7 -0.3 41 69 18593 305 41 33.6 -23.5 | 273 35 35.2 -2.0 42 66 18898 310 31 23.7 -19.9 | 266 25 25.4 1.6 43 60 19507 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 184 12 0.7 11.6 44 57 19812 325 1 0.6 -0.8 | 186 21 2.2 20.7 45 54 20117 300 20 17.3 -10.0 | 239 22 18.9 11.5 46 52 20422 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 210 16 8.0 13.9 47 50 20620 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 214 26 14.6 21.5 48 49 20726 230 10 7.7 6.4 | 198 29 9.3 27.9 49 45 21336 330 5 2.5 -4.3 | 193 18 4.1 17.2 50 43 21641 255 10 9.7 2.6 | 205 27 11.3 24.1 51 39 22250 300 13 11.3 -6.5 | 221 20 12.9 15.0 52 37 22555 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 223 8 5.7 6.1 53 35 22860 360 13 -0.0 -13.0 | 191 9 1.6 8.5 54 33 23165 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 211 17 8.7 14.4 55 32 23470 350 13 2.3 -12.8 | 204 10 3.9 8.7 56 30 23774 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 184 22 1.6 21.5 57 30 23860 330 7 3.5 -6.1 | 198 16 5.1 15.5 58 29 24079 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 212 18 9.3 15.1 59 28 24384 305 6 4.9 -3.4 | 200 19 6.5 18.1 60 26 24689 295 12 10.9 -5.1 | 217 21 12.5 16.4 61 25 24994 10 13 -2.3 -12.8 | 176 9 -0.7 8.7 62 22 25908 50 11 -8.4 -7.1 | 155 16 -6.8 14.4 63 20 26470 150 4 -2.0 3.5 | 179 25 -0.4 25.0 64 20 26518 100 12 -11.8 2.1 | 157 26 -10.2 23.6 65 17 27432 215 8 4.6 6.6 | 192 29 6.2 28.1 66 17 27737 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 184 22 1.6 21.5 67 15 28346 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 199 13 4.2 11.9 68 13 29261 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 206 26 11.5 23.2 69 13 29566 275 15 14.9 -1.3 | 219 26 16.5 20.2 70 12 29870 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 212 19 9.8 15.8 71 11 30175 255 1 1.0 0.3 | 187 22 2.6 21.8 72 10 31040 260 6 5.9 1.0 | 198 24 7.5 22.6 73 7 33460 330 7 3.5 -6.1 | 198 16 5.1 15.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 334.3 at 28.8 knts Storm direction: 4.3 at 21.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.8 neg: 1.0 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 111.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 168.8 neg: -12.6 tot: 156.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 52.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.49 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.0 stream: 4.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.21 Bulk Shear: 123.48 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 251 14 210 30| 16.4 0.0 16.4| 93.3 0.0 93.3 186.6 0.71| 17.0 12.0 1000 287 16 224 24| 14.3 0.0 14.3|130.0 0.0 130.0 130.0 0.67| 15.2 10.1 1500 305 18 236 20| 11.3 0.0 11.3|151.4 0.0 151.4 101.0 0.72| 12.1 8.6 2000 315 20 244 17| 8.7 0.0 8.7|159.2 -4.6 154.6 77.3 0.62| 11.0 6.8 2500 326 21 252 14| 8.1 0.0 8.1|168.8 -4.6 164.2 65.7 0.63| 10.7 6.8 3000 333 22 260 12| 6.8 1.0 7.8|168.8 -12.6 156.2 52.1 0.49| 10.0 4.9 4000 336 24 273 12| 5.1 1.5 6.6|172.7 -18.0 154.7 38.7 0.43| 8.3 3.6 5000 336 26 280 12| 4.1 1.7 5.8|173.4 -35.2 138.3 27.7 0.34| 7.4 2.5 6000 334 29 287 15| 3.4 2.5 5.9|219.7 -35.4 184.3 30.7 0.35| 7.5 2.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250428.00.gif