UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 27 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 27 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 183 305 12 SFC 996 215 5.8 -1.2 61 7.0 2.8 305 12 279.3 279.9 276.2 289.0 3.51 2 947 627 4.2 -5.8 48 10.0 0.3 337 29 281.7 282.2 276.2 289.2 2.61 3 933 748 4.4 -6.6 45 11.0 0.2 348 33 283.1 283.5 276.8 290.3 2.50 4 929 783 5.2 -7.8 38 13.0 0.3 352 34 284.3 284.7 277.1 290.9 2.28 5 925 818 5.0 -8.0 38 13.0 0.1 355 35 284.4 284.8 277.2 291.0 2.26 6 850 1501 -0.9 -5.8 69 4.9 -2.8 355 31 285.2 285.7 278.4 293.6 2.91 7 841 1586 -1.5 -5.6 74 4.1 -3.1 352 31 285.4 286.0 278.6 294.1 2.99 8 836 1633 -1.7 -5.4 76 3.7 -3.1 351 31 285.7 286.3 278.9 294.5 3.05 9 807 1913 -3.7 -6.4 81 2.7 -4.7 348 34 286.5 287.0 279.1 295.0 2.93 10 799 1992 -4.1 -7.7 76 3.6 -5.4 350 37 286.9 287.4 278.9 294.7 2.68 11 792 2061 -3.9 -12.9 50 9.0 -6.7 353 39 287.8 288.1 278.2 293.1 1.79 12 782 2162 -3.7 -15.7 39 12.0 -7.2 355 41 289.1 289.3 278.3 293.4 1.44 13 779 2192 -3.3 -24.3 18 21.0 -8.3 356 42 289.8 290.0 277.6 292.0 0.69 14 777 2212 -3.1 -29.1 11 26.0 -8.7 356 42 290.3 290.3 277.5 291.7 0.44 15 716 2855 -6.9 -24.9 22 18.0 -11.0 355 49 292.9 293.1 279.2 295.2 0.71 16 700 3031 -7.5 -27.5 18 20.0 -11.8 355 49 294.2 294.3 279.6 296.0 0.57 17 695 3087 -7.9 -27.9 18 20.0 -12.1 356 50 294.3 294.4 279.6 296.1 0.55 18 681 3244 -8.5 -40.5 6 32.0 -13.3 358 52 295.4 295.4 279.5 296.0 0.16 19 675 3313 -8.1 -44.1 4 36.0 -13.2 359 52 296.6 296.6 280.0 297.0 0.11 20 607 4129 -12.9 -38.9 9 26.0 -16.8 355 56 300.2 300.2 281.7 300.9 0.22 21 519 5305 -19.9 -53.9 3 34.0 -22.9 344 56 305.5 305.5 283.7 305.7 0.05 22 500 5580 -22.1 -54.1 4 32.0 -24.7 340 52 306.1 306.1 283.9 306.3 0.05 23 437 6555 -29.7 -50.7 11 21.0 -31.2 333 51 308.5 308.5 284.9 308.8 0.08 24 425 6753 -31.3 -58.3 5 27.0 -32.7 330 53 308.9 308.9 284.9 309.0 0.03 25 400 7180 -33.3 -60.3 5 27.0 -34.6 335 65 311.7 311.7 285.9 311.8 0.03 26 398 7215 -33.5 -59.5 6 26.0 -34.7 335 65 311.9 311.9 286.1 312.0 0.03 27 322 8669 -44.5 -63.5 10 19.0 -45.0 327 72 316.2 316.2 287.5 316.3 0.02 28 300 9140 -47.1 -65.1 11 18.0 -47.5 325 75 319.0 319.0 288.4 319.0 0.02 29 299 9162 -47.2 -65.3 11 18.1 -47.6 325 76 319.1 319.1 288.5 319.2 0.02 30 284 9502 -48.9 -67.9 9 19.0 -49.3 324 75 321.4 321.4 289.2 321.5 0.01 31 275 9713 -49.5 -69.5 8 20.0 -49.8 320 71 323.5 323.5 289.9 323.6 0.01 32 253 10261 -48.3 -75.3 3 27.0 -48.8 311 64 333.1 333.1 292.6 333.1 0.01 33 250 10340 -48.7 -74.7 3 26.0 -49.1 310 63 333.7 333.7 292.7 333.7 0.01 34 231 10855 -50.7 -76.7 3 26.0 -51.1 310 62 338.3 338.3 293.9 338.3 0.00 35 223 11084 -50.1 -78.1 2 28.0 -50.5 310 61 342.6 342.6 295.0 342.6 0.00 36 200 11790 -51.5 -79.5 2 28.0 -51.9 295 60 351.2 351.2 296.9 351.2 0.00 37 191 12088 -52.1 -81.1 2 29.0 -52.5 302 55 354.9 354.9 297.7 354.9 0.00 38 188 12191 -51.9 -81.9 2 30.0 -52.3 305 53 356.8 356.8 298.1 356.9 0.00 39 165 13029 -55.5 -84.5 2 29.0 -55.8 310 54 364.4 364.4 299.5 364.4 0.00 40 160 13226 -53.5 -84.5 1 31.0 -53.9 308 51 371.0 371.0 300.7 371.0 0.00 41 150 13640 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -54.3 300 41 377.2 377.2 301.8 377.2 0.00 42 124 14859 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -54.9 297 43 397.2 397.2 304.8 397.2 0.00 43 107 15794 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.6 298 33 407.1 407.1 306.2 407.1 0.00 44 100 16220 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -57.9 295 39 416.6 416.6 307.3 416.6 0.00 45 96 16479 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.1 296 38 425.4 425.4 308.3 425.4 0.00 46 80 17633 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.7 284 28 440.4 440.4 309.9 440.4 0.00 47 78 17793 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.7 280 29 450.2 450.2 310.9 450.2 0.00 48 75 18043 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -56.5 278 30 455.7 455.7 311.4 455.7 0.00 49 70 18480 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.5 300 22 460.5 460.5 311.8 460.5 0.00 50 68 18662 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.0 304 25 463.1 463.1 312.0 463.1 0.00 51 62 19243 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.4 278 17 479.4 479.4 313.4 479.5 0.00 52 58 19662 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -60.6 309 13 481.0 481.0 313.5 481.0 0.00 53 56 19881 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -58.7 278 10 490.4 490.4 314.2 490.4 0.00 54 53 20225 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -60.8 252 7 493.1 493.1 314.4 493.1 0.00 55 51 20466 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.6 272 13 504.2 504.2 315.2 504.2 0.00 56 50 20590 -58.9 -88.9 1 30.0 -59.6 290 21 504.7 504.7 315.3 504.7 0.00 57 46 21111 -60.3 -89.3 1 29.0 -60.9 291 20 513.5 513.5 315.9 513.5 0.00 58 44 21391 -56.9 -88.9 1 32.0 -57.8 294 19 528.4 528.4 316.8 528.4 0.00 59 42 21684 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.1 351 17 532.0 532.0 317.1 532.0 0.00 60 40 21992 -56.7 -88.7 1 32.0 -57.8 351 12 543.5 543.5 317.7 543.5 0.00 61 37 22485 -57.9 -88.9 1 31.0 -58.9 28 10 552.6 552.6 318.2 552.7 0.00 62 35 22836 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -57.7 81 7 565.1 565.1 318.9 565.2 0.00 63 33 23208 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.7 127 4 568.9 568.9 319.1 568.9 0.00 64 30 23810 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.3 360 3 592.2 592.2 320.3 592.3 0.01 65 29 24026 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -56.7 356 9 600.2 600.2 320.6 600.3 0.01 66 24 25240 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -56.2 59 13 636.5 636.5 322.2 636.6 0.01 67 22 25797 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -57.1 110 10 649.6 649.6 322.7 649.6 0.01 68 20 26410 -52.7 -86.7 1 34.0 -55.5 165 6 674.9 674.9 323.6 674.9 0.01 69 17 27464 -50.5 -86.5 1 36.0 -54.2 324 10 714.0 714.0 324.8 714.1 0.01 70 15 28281 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -54.2 31 10 742.0 742.1 325.7 742.2 0.02 71 14 28732 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -54.4 85 9 756.8 756.8 326.1 757.0 0.02 72 14 28732 -49.7 -85.7 1 36.0 -54.2 85 9 757.5 757.5 326.1 757.7 0.02 73 13 29217 -49.5 -86.5 1 37.0 -54.4 34 4 774.4 774.4 326.6 774.6 0.02 74 12 29746 -45.7 -84.7 0 39.0 -52.4 354 3 805.8 805.8 327.4 806.0 0.03 75 11 30326 -45.5 -84.5 0 39.0 -52.6 318 9 826.9 826.9 327.9 827.1 0.03 76 11 30326 -46.1 -85.1 0 39.0 -52.9 318 9 824.7 824.7 327.8 824.9 0.03 77 10 30960 -45.7 -84.7 0 39.0 -53.1 230 3 849.0 849.0 328.4 849.2 0.03 78 8.9 31736 -45.9 -84.9 0 39.0 -53.7 235 3 877.0 877.0 329.0 877.3 0.03 79 8.2 32285 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -52.4 238 3 911.2 911.2 329.7 911.7 0.05 80 7.0 33360 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -51.9 245 3 964.9 965.0 330.6 965.9 0.08 81 6.2 34197 -35.7 -78.7 0 43.0 -51.0 1016.1 1016.2 331.5 1017.7 0.13 TRP 275 9713 -49.5 -69.5 8 20.0 -49.8 320 71 323.5 323.5 289.9 323.6 0.01 WND 299 9162 -47.2 -65.3 11 18.1 -47.6 325 76 319.1 319.1 288.5 319.2 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5397.00 m Freezing level: 861.44 mb = 1396.81 m = 4582.67 ft Wetbulb zero: 921.49 mb = 848.68 m = 2784.34 ft Precipitable water: 0.27 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 26.73 % Est. max temperature: 11.83 C = 53.30 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 894.25 mb = 1091.10 m = 3579.69 ft T: 2.64 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.73 C/km ThetaE index: 1.84 C Layer 799.0- 782.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 643.39 mb = 3681.30 m = 12077.60 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.72 g/kg Conv temperature: 24.73 C = 76.52 F Cap Strength: 13.95 C Lifted Index: 14.09 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 20.56 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.07 C Showalter Index: 11.45 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 37.50 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 21.20 C Cross Totals Index: 16.30 C K Index: -4.60 Risk: None Sweat Index: 114.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.71 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 25.85 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.19 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 71556.27 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.11 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 810.64 mb = 1877.51 m = 6159.73 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 20 at 35 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 305 12 9.8 -6.9 | 221 34 21.9 25.5 1 949 610 335 29 12.3 -26.3 | 256 25 24.3 6.1 2 925 818 355 35 3.1 -34.9 | 279 15 15.1 -2.4 3 914 914 350 35 6.1 -34.5 | 276 18 18.1 -2.0 4 880 1219 350 32 5.6 -31.5 | 267 18 17.6 0.9 5 850 1501 355 31 2.7 -30.9 | 264 15 14.7 1.5 6 815 1829 345 32 8.3 -30.9 | 266 20 20.3 1.5 7 784 2134 355 41 3.6 -40.8 | 298 18 15.6 -8.4 8 755 2438 360 47 -0.0 -47.0 | 320 19 12.0 -14.6 9 726 2743 355 49 4.3 -48.8 | 315 23 16.3 -16.4 10 700 3031 355 49 4.3 -48.8 | 315 23 16.3 -16.4 11 671 3353 360 53 -0.0 -53.0 | 330 24 12.0 -20.6 12 644 3658 355 53 4.6 -52.8 | 321 26 16.6 -20.4 13 595 4267 355 57 5.0 -56.8 | 325 30 17.0 -24.4 14 549 4877 350 62 10.8 -61.1 | 321 37 22.8 -28.6 15 500 5580 340 52 17.8 -48.9 | 299 34 29.8 -16.4 16 465 6096 340 48 16.4 -45.1 | 294 31 28.4 -12.7 17 427 6706 330 52 26.0 -45.0 | 288 40 38.0 -12.6 18 400 7180 335 65 27.5 -58.9 | 304 48 39.5 -26.5 19 375 7620 330 67 33.5 -58.0 | 299 52 45.5 -25.6 20 300 9140 325 75 43.0 -61.4 | 298 62 55.0 -29.0 21 300 9144 325 75 43.0 -61.4 | 298 62 55.0 -29.0 22 299 9162 325 76 43.6 -62.3 | 298 63 55.6 -29.8 23 286 9449 325 76 43.6 -62.3 | 298 63 55.6 -29.8 24 275 9713 320 71 45.6 -54.4 | 291 62 57.7 -22.0 25 250 10340 310 63 48.3 -40.5 | 278 61 60.3 -8.1 26 216 11278 310 61 46.7 -39.2 | 277 59 58.8 -6.8 27 206 11582 290 57 53.6 -19.5 | 259 67 65.6 12.9 28 200 11790 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 264 67 66.4 7.1 29 188 12192 305 53 43.4 -30.4 | 268 55 55.4 2.0 30 163 13106 310 54 41.4 -34.7 | 272 53 53.4 -2.3 31 150 13640 300 41 35.5 -20.5 | 256 49 47.5 11.9 32 141 14021 300 38 32.9 -19.0 | 253 47 44.9 13.4 33 135 14326 285 41 39.6 -10.6 | 247 56 51.6 21.8 34 128 14630 290 48 45.1 -16.4 | 254 59 57.1 16.0 35 122 14935 300 41 35.5 -20.5 | 256 49 47.5 11.9 36 117 15240 290 38 35.7 -13.0 | 248 52 47.7 19.4 37 111 15545 300 30 26.0 -15.0 | 245 42 38.0 17.4 38 100 16220 295 39 35.3 -16.5 | 251 50 47.4 15.9 39 96 16459 295 39 35.3 -16.5 | 251 50 47.4 15.9 40 87 17069 315 22 15.6 -15.6 | 239 32 27.6 16.9 41 83 17374 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 236 43 35.5 23.9 42 76 17983 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 235 52 42.9 29.7 43 72 18288 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 239 45 38.3 22.9 44 70 18480 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 235 38 31.1 21.4 45 69 18593 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 242 38 33.3 17.5 46 65 18898 300 21 18.2 -10.5 | 234 37 30.2 21.9 47 62 19202 270 17 17.0 -0.0 | 222 44 29.0 32.4 48 59 19507 330 15 7.5 -13.0 | 225 28 19.5 19.4 49 54 20117 245 6 5.4 2.5 | 207 39 17.5 35.0 50 51 20422 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 213 40 22.0 33.3 51 50 20590 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 232 41 31.8 25.2 52 49 20726 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 231 43 33.3 26.7 53 47 21031 295 21 19.0 -8.9 | 233 39 31.1 23.6 54 44 21336 280 19 18.7 -3.3 | 227 42 30.7 29.1 55 42 21641 350 18 3.1 -17.7 | 226 21 15.2 14.7 56 40 21946 355 13 1.1 -13.0 | 214 24 13.2 19.5 57 38 22250 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 216 29 17.0 23.8 58 37 22555 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 191 26 5.0 25.4 59 32 23470 160 1 -0.3 0.9 | 199 35 11.7 33.4 60 30 23774 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 217 34 20.7 27.4 61 30 23810 360 3 -0.0 -3.0 | 202 32 12.0 29.4 62 29 24079 355 11 1.0 -11.0 | 211 25 13.0 21.5 63 27 24384 340 9 3.1 -8.5 | 212 28 15.1 24.0 64 26 24689 5 15 -1.3 -14.9 | 212 21 10.7 17.5 65 24 25298 65 13 -11.8 -5.5 | 181 27 0.2 26.9 66 20 26410 165 6 -1.6 5.8 | 195 40 10.5 38.2 67 20 26518 160 10 -3.4 9.4 | 192 43 8.6 41.8 68 17 27432 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 217 31 18.5 24.8 69 15 28346 35 10 -5.7 -8.2 | 195 25 6.3 24.2 70 14 28651 95 10 -10.0 0.9 | 184 33 2.1 33.3 71 12 29566 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 200 35 12.0 32.4 72 11 30175 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 214 28 15.4 23.0 73 10 30960 230 3 2.3 1.9 | 203 37 14.3 34.4 74 7 33360 245 3 2.7 1.3 | 204 37 14.7 33.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 350.3 at 46.1 knts Storm direction: 20.3 at 34.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.9 neg: 1.0 tot: 7.9 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 102.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 291.8 neg: -28.6 tot: 263.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 87.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.58 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.3 stream: 7.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.04 Bulk Rich Number: 0.29 Bulk Shear: 89.78 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 330 23 241 26| 24.8 0.0 24.8|166.5 0.0 166.5 333.0 0.84| 27.1 22.8 1000 343 28 255 21| 12.9 0.0 12.9|184.9 -16.6 168.3 168.3 0.59| 19.8 11.6 1500 346 29 258 19| 8.6 0.3 8.9|186.7 -20.3 166.5 111.0 0.50| 15.3 7.6 2000 348 31 264 19| 9.5 0.2 9.8|248.5 -20.3 228.2 114.1 0.59| 15.2 9.0 2500 350 34 274 18| 7.6 1.2 8.8|271.1 -27.5 243.6 97.4 0.56| 14.0 7.9 3000 352 37 283 18| 6.9 1.0 7.9|291.8 -28.6 263.3 87.8 0.58| 12.3 7.1 4000 353 41 297 19| 5.1 1.5 6.7|316.3 -48.5 267.8 66.9 0.52| 10.5 5.4 5000 353 45 304 22| 4.1 1.8 5.9|316.5-129.8 186.7 37.3 0.35| 9.8 3.4 6000 350 46 303 24| 3.4 1.6 5.0|316.5-223.3 93.2 15.5 0.21| 9.3 2.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250427.12.gif