UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042700.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 27 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 27 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 137 SFC 990 215 8.0 2.0 66 6.0 5.2 290 18 282.0 282.7 278.8 294.4 4.46 2 964 436 5.2 0.2 70 5.0 2.9 301 20 281.3 282.0 277.9 292.5 4.02 3 925 774 2.0 -0.5 83 2.5 0.9 300 22 281.4 282.0 277.9 292.5 3.98 4 880 1174 -1.7 -1.7 100 0.0 -1.7 300 27 281.6 282.2 277.8 292.3 3.83 5 850 1449 -3.5 -3.5 100 0.0 -3.5 290 35 282.5 283.1 277.8 292.3 3.47 6 789 2034 -7.3 -7.3 100 0.0 -7.3 302 38 284.5 285.0 277.9 292.5 2.80 7 781 2113 -6.5 -6.5 100 0.0 -6.5 304 40 286.2 286.7 279.0 294.9 3.01 8 742 2513 -7.7 -7.7 100 0.0 -7.7 305 37 289.1 289.6 280.3 297.5 2.88 9 721 2736 -8.3 -10.4 85 2.1 -9.0 305 42 290.8 291.2 280.4 298.0 2.40 10 713 2823 -8.5 -10.1 88 1.6 -9.1 305 41 291.5 292.0 280.8 298.9 2.49 11 700 2965 -9.5 -10.6 92 1.1 -9.9 305 39 292.0 292.4 281.0 299.2 2.43 12 698 2987 -9.5 -10.7 91 1.2 -9.9 304 39 292.2 292.6 281.1 299.4 2.42 13 691 3065 -8.7 -13.0 71 4.3 -10.1 301 39 293.9 294.3 281.4 300.1 2.03 14 657 3455 -9.9 -16.9 57 7.0 -11.9 288 41 296.9 297.1 282.0 301.7 1.55 15 612 3998 -14.7 -20.7 60 6.0 -16.2 288 48 297.4 297.6 281.8 301.2 1.20 16 609 4035 -15.1 -23.1 50 8.0 -16.9 288 48 297.4 297.6 281.5 300.5 0.98 17 607 4060 -14.3 -33.3 18 19.0 -17.4 288 49 298.6 298.6 281.3 299.9 0.38 18 604 4098 -13.5 -45.5 5 32.0 -17.4 288 49 299.9 299.9 281.5 300.3 0.11 19 582 4379 -14.7 -50.7 3 36.0 -18.6 292 50 301.7 301.7 282.1 302.0 0.06 20 507 5408 -22.7 -53.7 4 31.0 -25.2 287 54 304.2 304.2 283.1 304.3 0.05 21 500 5510 -23.3 -54.3 4 31.0 -25.7 285 55 304.6 304.6 283.3 304.8 0.05 22 466 6021 -26.1 -58.1 3 32.0 -28.2 285 57 307.3 307.4 284.4 307.5 0.03 23 461 6099 -25.9 -59.9 3 34.0 -28.0 285 57 308.5 308.5 284.8 308.6 0.03 24 448 6305 -27.7 -59.7 3 32.0 -29.6 282 58 308.8 308.8 284.9 308.9 0.03 25 420 6765 -30.3 -62.3 3 32.0 -31.9 275 62 311.2 311.2 285.8 311.3 0.02 26 400 7110 -31.5 -64.5 2 33.0 -33.0 270 64 314.0 314.1 286.8 314.1 0.02 27 395 7199 -32.1 -65.1 2 33.0 -33.6 269 63 314.4 314.4 286.9 314.5 0.02 28 363 7794 -35.3 -65.3 3 30.0 -36.5 265 64 317.8 317.8 288.1 317.9 0.02 29 354 7969 -36.0 -65.9 3 29.8 -37.2 265 68 319.1 319.1 288.5 319.2 0.02 30 308 8930 -40.1 -69.1 3 29.0 -41.0 260 58 326.4 326.4 290.7 326.4 0.01 31 306 8974 -39.5 -69.5 3 30.0 -40.5 259 57 327.8 327.8 291.1 327.9 0.01 32 300 9110 -40.5 -69.5 3 29.0 -41.3 255 54 328.3 328.3 291.2 328.3 0.01 33 271 9789 -46.3 -71.3 4 25.0 -46.8 251 61 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.6 0.01 34 250 10320 -47.7 -78.7 2 31.0 -48.2 270 55 335.2 335.2 293.1 335.2 0.00 35 234 10755 -48.9 -77.9 2 29.0 -49.4 260 60 339.7 339.7 294.3 339.7 0.00 36 208 11531 -46.9 -79.9 1 33.0 -47.6 274 55 354.5 354.5 297.6 354.5 0.00 37 200 11790 -48.5 -80.5 1 32.0 -49.1 260 48 356.0 356.0 297.9 356.0 0.00 38 199 11823 -48.9 -79.9 2 31.0 -49.4 260 48 355.8 355.8 297.9 355.9 0.00 39 186 12266 -48.5 -81.5 1 33.0 -49.1 257 45 363.4 363.4 299.4 363.4 0.00 40 150 13660 -54.1 -84.1 1 30.0 -54.5 280 46 376.9 376.9 301.8 376.9 0.00 41 147 13790 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -55.5 279 44 377.3 377.3 301.8 377.3 0.00 42 143 13967 -54.3 -84.3 1 30.0 -54.7 278 42 381.7 381.7 302.5 381.7 0.00 43 126 14779 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -54.9 294 35 395.4 395.4 304.6 395.4 0.00 44 117 15252 -56.9 -85.9 1 29.0 -57.3 290 29 399.4 399.4 305.1 399.5 0.00 45 105 15941 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.6 273 29 413.5 413.5 306.9 413.5 0.00 46 100 16250 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.3 265 29 415.9 415.9 307.2 415.9 0.00 47 90 16909 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 272 35 425.4 425.4 308.3 425.4 0.00 48 86 17193 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.5 277 39 431.8 431.8 309.0 431.8 0.00 49 84 17341 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.6 280 42 438.7 438.7 309.7 438.8 0.00 50 81 17571 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.7 290 35 445.4 445.4 310.4 445.4 0.00 51 72 18313 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.2 273 29 455.1 455.1 311.3 455.1 0.00 52 70 18490 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.0 260 25 461.4 461.4 311.9 461.4 0.00 53 62 19257 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.8 272 20 478.6 478.6 313.3 478.6 0.00 54 55 20012 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.5 284 22 491.1 491.1 314.3 491.1 0.00 55 54 20127 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.7 286 23 495.5 495.5 314.7 495.6 0.00 56 50 20610 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.5 320 19 502.3 502.3 315.1 502.3 0.00 57 49 20736 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.8 322 19 509.5 509.5 315.6 509.5 0.00 58 47 20999 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -57.8 325 19 518.5 518.5 316.2 518.5 0.00 59 44 21414 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -60.0 6 14 522.5 522.5 316.5 522.5 0.00 60 42 21708 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -56.5 344 12 539.4 539.4 317.5 539.4 0.00 61 40 22017 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -57.9 31 11 543.0 543.0 317.7 543.0 0.00 62 38 22342 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.4 117 2 552.5 552.5 318.2 552.5 0.01 63 34 23045 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.9 336 10 566.2 566.2 319.0 566.2 0.01 64 33 23234 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.2 322 10 576.3 576.3 319.5 576.4 0.01 65 30 23840 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.0 340 10 593.3 593.3 320.3 593.4 0.01 66 27 24509 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.5 30 13 610.4 610.4 321.1 610.4 0.01 67 23 25533 -53.3 -87.3 1 34.0 -55.6 111 8 646.7 646.7 322.6 646.7 0.01 68 22 25817 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -57.0 149 5 650.2 650.2 322.7 650.2 0.01 69 20 26430 -51.5 -86.5 1 35.0 -54.6 275 8 678.5 678.5 323.7 678.6 0.01 70 20 26430 -51.5 -87.5 1 36.0 -54.6 275 8 678.5 678.5 323.7 678.6 0.01 71 19 26764 -50.9 -86.9 1 36.0 -54.2 309 8 690.4 690.4 324.1 690.5 0.01 72 17 27488 -52.1 -87.1 1 35.0 -55.4 17 8 708.9 708.9 324.7 709.0 0.01 73 15 28306 -48.5 -85.5 1 37.0 -53.3 49 3 746.7 746.7 325.8 746.8 0.02 74 13 29243 -51.1 -87.1 1 36.0 -55.4 324 1 768.9 768.9 326.4 769.0 0.02 75 11 30344 -45.9 -84.9 0 39.0 -52.8 11 9 825.4 825.4 327.8 825.6 0.03 76 10 30980 -45.3 -85.3 0 40.0 -52.9 30 6 850.5 850.5 328.4 850.7 0.03 77 9.6 31254 -44.1 -84.1 0 40.0 -52.4 19 6 865.0 865.0 328.7 865.3 0.03 78 9.3 31467 -44.5 -84.5 0 40.0 -52.8 10 7 871.3 871.4 328.8 871.7 0.03 79 7.8 32652 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -52.6 320 9 924.3 924.3 329.9 924.9 0.06 80 7.7 32740 -40.7 -81.7 0 41.0 -51.8 317 9 935.0 935.0 330.1 935.7 0.07 81 7.3 33103 -41.1 -82.1 0 41.0 -52.3 302 10 947.7 947.7 330.3 948.4 0.06 82 7.0 33390 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -51.8 290 10 966.6 966.6 330.7 967.4 0.08 83 5.8 34691 -34.5 -77.5 0 43.0 -51.0 1040.9 1041.0 331.8 1043.0 0.17 84 5.5 35061 -35.9 -78.9 0 43.0 -51.8 1050.7 1050.8 331.9 1052.4 0.14 85 5.2 35454 -32.3 -76.3 0 44.0 -50.8 1083.9 1084.0 332.5 1086.8 0.23 86 5.1 35591 -32.1 -76.1 0 44.0 -50.9 1090.8 1091.0 332.5 1094.0 0.24 TRP 234 10755 -48.9 -77.9 2 29.0 -49.4 260 60 339.7 339.7 294.3 339.7 0.00 WND 354 7969 -36.0 -65.9 3 29.8 -37.2 265 68 319.1 319.1 288.5 319.2 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5373.00 m Freezing level: 900.68 mb = 990.09 m = 3248.30 ft Wetbulb zero: 909.31 mb = 911.10 m = 2989.13 ft Precipitable water: 0.46 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 60.70 % Est. max temperature: 8.84 C = 47.91 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 903.19 mb = 965.31 m = 3166.99 ft T: 0.23 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.42 C/km ThetaE index: 2.13 C Layer 964.0- 789.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 889.84 mb = 1084.60 m = 3558.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.03 g/kg Conv temperature: 7.56 C = 45.61 F Cap Strength: 10.62 C Lifted Index: 10.90 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.28 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 4.37 C Showalter Index: 11.22 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 39.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 19.80 C Cross Totals Index: 19.80 C K Index: 15.20 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 125.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.67 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 7.55 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.89 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 1.43 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.86 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 890.90 mb = 1075.11 m = 3527.21 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 885.90 mb = 1120.22 m = 3675.22 ft Equ Level (EL): 785.90 mb = 2064.36 m = 6772.75 ft B at Equ Level: 5.42 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 775.90 mb = 2164.28 m = 7100.58 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 323 at 31 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 175 19 -1.8 18.8 1 944 610 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 170 11 -1.8 10.8 2 925 774 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 181 14 0.4 13.9 3 909 914 300 23 19.9 -11.5 | 185 13 1.2 13.4 4 875 1219 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 207 12 5.6 10.9 5 850 1449 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 228 19 14.2 13.0 6 842 1524 290 34 31.9 -11.6 | 225 19 13.3 13.3 7 810 1829 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 226 16 11.2 11.0 8 779 2134 305 41 33.6 -23.5 | 265 15 14.9 1.4 9 749 2438 305 35 28.7 -20.1 | 244 11 10.0 4.9 10 720 2743 305 42 34.4 -24.1 | 267 16 15.7 0.9 11 700 2965 305 39 31.9 -22.4 | 259 14 13.3 2.6 12 665 3353 290 39 36.6 -13.3 | 237 21 18.0 11.6 13 639 3658 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 243 29 25.7 13.0 14 589 4267 290 50 47.0 -17.1 | 255 29 28.3 7.8 15 566 4572 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 262 27 26.6 3.8 16 544 4877 295 51 46.2 -21.6 | 263 28 27.5 3.4 17 500 5510 285 55 53.1 -14.2 | 253 36 34.4 10.7 18 461 6096 285 57 55.1 -14.8 | 254 38 36.4 10.2 19 400 7110 270 64 64.0 -0.0 | 241 52 45.3 24.9 20 372 7620 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 234 51 41.1 30.2 21 354 7969 265 68 67.7 5.9 | 238 58 49.0 30.9 22 341 8230 265 68 67.7 5.9 | 238 58 49.0 30.9 23 326 8534 270 68 68.0 -0.0 | 243 55 49.3 24.9 24 300 9110 255 54 52.2 14.0 | 221 51 33.5 38.9 25 298 9144 260 54 53.2 9.4 | 225 49 34.5 34.3 26 272 9754 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 220 60 38.6 45.8 27 250 10320 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 236 44 36.3 24.9 28 248 10363 275 64 63.8 -5.6 | 247 49 45.1 19.4 29 234 10755 260 60 59.1 10.4 | 229 54 40.4 35.4 30 226 10973 260 59 58.1 10.2 | 228 53 39.4 35.2 31 206 11582 275 55 54.8 -4.8 | 241 41 36.1 20.1 32 200 11790 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 221 44 28.6 33.3 33 179 12497 255 43 41.5 11.1 | 212 43 22.8 36.1 34 150 13660 280 46 45.3 -8.0 | 237 32 26.6 17.0 35 135 14326 275 38 37.9 -3.3 | 222 29 19.2 21.6 36 129 14630 295 37 33.5 -15.6 | 238 18 14.8 9.3 37 117 15240 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 210 17 8.6 15.0 38 100 16250 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 200 29 10.2 27.5 39 97 16459 265 29 28.9 2.5 | 200 29 10.2 27.5 40 84 17374 280 42 41.4 -7.3 | 232 29 22.7 17.7 41 80 17678 295 31 28.1 -13.1 | 218 15 9.4 11.8 42 76 17983 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 195 24 6.2 22.8 43 72 18288 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 204 25 10.2 22.4 44 70 18490 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 191 30 5.9 29.3 45 69 18593 285 28 27.0 -7.2 | 205 20 8.4 17.7 46 66 18898 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 191 30 5.9 29.3 47 60 19507 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 175 22 -2.0 22.0 48 54 20117 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 191 19 3.5 19.0 49 52 20422 320 28 18.0 -21.4 | 169 4 -0.7 3.5 50 50 20610 320 19 12.2 -14.6 | 148 12 -6.5 10.4 51 47 21031 325 19 10.9 -15.6 | 140 12 -7.8 9.4 52 45 21336 15 15 -3.9 -14.5 | 115 25 -22.6 10.5 53 42 21641 340 12 4.1 -11.3 | 133 20 -14.6 13.7 54 40 21946 355 14 1.2 -13.9 | 122 21 -17.5 11.0 55 39 22250 140 1 -0.6 0.8 | 143 32 -19.3 25.7 56 35 22860 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 132 23 -17.0 15.1 57 32 23470 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 151 22 -10.5 19.2 58 30 23840 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 136 22 -15.3 15.5 59 29 24079 25 11 -4.6 -10.0 | 123 28 -23.3 15.0 60 28 24384 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 127 25 -19.6 15.0 61 26 24689 65 16 -14.5 -6.8 | 119 38 -33.2 18.2 62 24 25298 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 129 37 -28.5 23.2 63 21 26213 200 2 0.7 1.9 | 146 32 -18.0 26.8 64 20 26430 275 8 8.0 -0.7 | 156 27 -10.7 24.2 65 17 27432 15 7 -1.8 -6.8 | 132 27 -20.5 18.2 66 16 27737 25 12 -5.1 -10.9 | 121 28 -23.8 14.1 67 16 28042 35 17 -9.8 -13.9 | 111 31 -28.4 11.0 68 15 28346 50 2 -1.5 -1.3 | 139 31 -20.2 23.7 69 12 29566 295 1 0.9 -0.4 | 144 30 -17.8 24.5 70 11 30175 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 127 25 -19.6 15.0 71 10 30980 30 6 -3.0 -5.2 | 132 29 -21.7 19.7 72 7 33390 290 10 9.4 -3.4 | 157 23 -9.3 21.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 293.2 at 41.6 knts Storm direction: 323.2 at 31.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 2.7 neg: 2.8 tot: 5.5 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 68.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 99.5 neg: -40.5 tot: 59.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 19.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.28 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.9 stream: 2.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.12 Bulk Shear: 62.00 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 302 20 174 14| 6.4 0.0 6.4| 5.5 -3.2 2.3 4.6 0.07| 10.6 0.8 1000 301 22 182 13| 3.2 3.2 6.3| 27.2 -3.2 24.0 24.0 0.41| 8.9 3.7 1500 297 26 198 14| 2.1 4.3 6.4| 46.4 -4.4 42.0 28.0 0.43| 9.5 4.1 2000 298 29 210 13| 4.1 3.2 7.2| 84.4 -6.2 78.2 39.1 0.53| 10.2 5.4 2500 300 30 219 12| 3.2 2.9 6.2| 99.5 -16.3 83.3 33.3 0.45| 10.2 4.6 3000 301 32 226 12| 2.7 2.8 5.5| 99.5 -40.5 59.0 19.7 0.28| 9.9 2.8 4000 296 35 235 16| 2.6 3.4 6.0|152.8 -48.8 104.0 26.0 0.30| 9.5 2.8 5000 296 39 243 18| 2.6 3.3 5.8|186.6 -71.5 115.1 23.0 0.28| 8.8 2.4 6000 293 42 246 21| 2.1 3.4 5.5|195.3-105.7 89.6 14.9 0.22| 8.0 1.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250427.00.gif