UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042600.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 26 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 26 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 113 SFC 988 215 17.0 13.9 82 3.1 15.1 80 4 291.2 293.0 288.7 319.9 10.15 2 931 721 14.6 7.6 63 7.0 10.6 148 21 293.7 295.0 286.8 314.0 7.04 3 925 776 14.2 8.2 67 6.0 10.7 155 23 293.8 295.2 287.1 315.1 7.39 4 914 877 13.4 7.4 67 6.0 10.0 159 25 294.0 295.3 286.9 314.5 7.08 5 910 914 13.8 7.8 67 6.0 10.3 160 26 294.8 296.1 287.4 316.0 7.31 6 895 1054 12.6 7.6 72 5.0 9.7 165 27 295.0 296.3 287.5 316.2 7.33 7 865 1339 9.8 7.6 86 2.2 8.5 174 28 294.9 296.3 287.7 316.9 7.59 8 863 1358 9.6 7.9 89 1.7 8.6 175 27 294.9 296.3 287.9 317.4 7.77 9 854 1445 9.4 7.4 87 2.0 8.3 179 27 295.6 297.0 287.9 317.6 7.58 10 850 1484 9.0 7.4 90 1.6 8.1 180 27 295.6 296.9 288.0 317.7 7.62 11 833 1652 8.2 8.2 100 0.0 8.2 192 26 296.4 297.9 288.8 320.3 8.22 12 771 2288 5.0 4.2 95 0.8 4.6 227 21 299.6 300.9 288.6 319.5 6.72 13 700 3072 0.2 0.2 100 0.0 0.2 250 23 302.7 303.7 288.6 319.4 5.55 14 697 3106 0.0 0.0 100 0.0 0.0 251 23 302.9 303.9 288.6 319.4 5.49 15 694 3141 0.6 -1.3 87 1.9 -0.3 252 23 303.9 304.8 288.5 319.1 5.01 16 690 3188 0.6 -1.4 86 2.0 -0.4 254 23 304.4 305.3 288.6 319.7 5.01 17 685 3246 1.2 -3.1 73 4.3 -0.9 256 24 305.7 306.5 288.5 319.4 4.44 18 652 3642 -1.3 -4.6 78 3.3 -2.8 255 18 307.2 308.0 288.8 320.2 4.17 19 641 3778 -1.7 -6.7 69 5.0 -3.9 256 18 308.3 308.9 288.6 319.6 3.61 20 627 3954 -3.1 -7.8 70 4.7 -5.1 257 20 308.6 309.3 288.5 319.3 3.39 21 625 3979 -3.3 -8.3 68 5.0 -5.4 257 20 308.7 309.3 288.4 319.0 3.27 22 622 4017 -3.3 -12.3 50 9.0 -6.7 258 20 309.1 309.5 287.7 316.7 2.39 23 619 4055 -3.7 -8.2 71 4.5 -5.6 258 21 309.1 309.7 288.6 319.6 3.33 24 617 4081 -3.7 -12.7 50 9.0 -7.1 258 21 309.4 309.8 287.7 316.8 2.33 25 606 4223 -4.5 -19.5 30 15.0 -9.2 259 22 310.0 310.3 286.9 314.5 1.35 26 604 4249 -4.7 -19.7 30 15.0 -9.3 260 23 310.1 310.3 286.9 314.5 1.33 27 600 4302 -4.9 -30.9 11 26.0 -10.9 260 23 310.4 310.5 286.1 312.1 0.48 28 596 4354 -5.3 -24.3 21 19.0 -10.5 261 23 310.6 310.7 286.6 313.6 0.90 29 584 4514 -6.7 -22.7 27 16.0 -11.2 262 23 310.8 311.0 286.8 314.3 1.06 30 579 4581 -7.1 -23.1 27 16.0 -11.5 262 23 311.1 311.2 286.9 314.5 1.03 31 574 4649 -7.5 -28.5 17 21.0 -12.5 263 23 311.4 311.5 286.6 313.5 0.63 32 565 4772 -8.3 -22.3 31 14.0 -12.2 264 23 311.8 312.0 287.3 315.6 1.13 33 563 4799 -8.3 -26.3 22 18.0 -12.8 264 23 312.1 312.3 287.1 314.8 0.79 34 553 4938 -9.7 -23.7 31 14.0 -13.4 265 23 312.1 312.3 287.3 315.5 1.02 35 549 4994 -10.1 -19.1 48 9.0 -12.8 266 24 312.3 312.6 287.9 317.3 1.54 36 546 5037 -10.3 -15.1 68 4.8 -11.9 266 24 312.5 312.9 288.6 319.6 2.17 37 543 5079 -10.7 -15.7 67 5.0 -12.3 266 25 312.5 312.9 288.5 319.3 2.07 38 539 5136 -10.9 -18.9 52 8.0 -13.3 266 25 313.0 313.3 288.2 318.2 1.59 39 535 5194 -11.3 -17.3 61 6.0 -13.2 267 26 313.1 313.5 288.5 319.2 1.84 40 529 5280 -11.9 -18.9 56 7.0 -14.0 267 27 313.4 313.7 288.3 318.8 1.62 41 526 5324 -12.3 -18.3 61 6.0 -14.1 268 27 313.5 313.8 288.5 319.1 1.72 42 522 5382 -12.7 -20.7 51 8.0 -15.0 268 28 313.7 313.9 288.2 318.4 1.41 43 520 5412 -12.9 -17.9 66 5.0 -14.5 268 28 313.8 314.1 288.6 319.7 1.80 44 511 5545 -13.7 -20.7 55 7.0 -15.7 269 29 314.4 314.6 288.5 319.2 1.44 45 505 5635 -14.5 -21.5 55 7.0 -16.4 270 30 314.5 314.7 288.4 319.0 1.36 46 500 5710 -15.1 -19.9 67 4.8 -16.4 270 31 314.6 314.9 288.7 319.9 1.58 47 497 5755 -15.5 -19.3 73 3.8 -16.6 269 31 314.7 315.0 288.8 320.2 1.67 48 486 5924 -16.5 -19.5 78 3.0 -17.4 267 33 315.5 315.8 289.0 321.1 1.68 49 481 6001 -16.7 -20.5 72 3.8 -17.7 266 33 316.2 316.5 289.2 321.4 1.56 50 450 6497 -20.7 -22.5 85 1.8 -21.1 269 37 317.2 317.5 289.3 321.9 1.40 51 443 6613 -20.9 -26.9 59 6.0 -22.2 271 38 318.4 318.6 289.3 321.7 0.95 52 441 6646 -20.9 -27.9 53 7.0 -22.4 271 38 318.8 319.0 289.3 321.8 0.87 53 439 6680 -21.1 -29.1 49 8.0 -22.7 271 38 319.0 319.1 289.3 321.7 0.78 54 424 6935 -22.3 -33.3 36 11.0 -24.2 274 40 320.6 320.7 289.5 322.6 0.54 55 400 7360 -25.9 -35.9 39 10.0 -27.3 270 39 321.3 321.4 289.6 322.9 0.45 56 300 9370 -42.3 -45.2 73 2.9 -42.5 270 56 325.7 325.8 290.7 326.6 0.23 57 250 10570 -52.7 -57.7 55 5.0 -52.8 265 74 327.7 327.7 291.2 328.0 0.06 58 201 11940 -64.6 -69.5 51 4.9 -64.7 265 88 329.9 329.9 291.7 330.0 0.02 59 200 11970 -64.9 -69.8 51 4.9 -65.0 260 88 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.0 0.02 60 186 12411 -68.7 -73.7 48 5.0 -68.7 265 86 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.8 0.01 61 150 13730 -60.7 -82.7 4 22.0 -60.9 275 49 365.5 365.5 299.8 365.5 0.00 62 100 16250 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -60.2 290 35 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 63 79 17724 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.4 284 18 444.9 444.9 310.4 444.9 0.00 64 76 17967 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -59.9 269 20 446.5 446.5 310.5 446.5 0.00 65 70 18480 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.7 310 26 457.5 457.5 311.5 457.5 0.00 66 67 18755 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.0 311 22 465.0 465.0 312.2 465.0 0.00 67 64 19041 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 301 15 467.6 467.6 312.4 467.7 0.00 68 62 19240 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.3 279 14 475.0 475.0 313.1 475.0 0.00 69 58 19658 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.9 287 18 482.8 482.8 313.7 482.8 0.00 70 56 19878 -57.3 -88.3 1 31.0 -58.0 303 19 492.2 492.2 314.4 492.2 0.00 71 51 20466 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.3 318 16 500.0 500.0 314.9 500.0 0.00 72 50 20590 -58.1 -89.1 1 31.0 -58.8 300 17 506.6 506.6 315.4 506.6 0.00 73 44 21401 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -56.2 321 10 532.8 532.8 317.1 532.8 0.00 74 33 23233 -56.5 -88.5 1 32.0 -57.8 61 11 574.7 574.7 319.4 574.8 0.00 75 30 23840 -54.9 -87.9 1 33.0 -56.5 15 9 595.0 595.0 320.4 595.0 0.01 76 28 24282 -55.1 -88.1 1 33.0 -56.8 354 10 606.3 606.3 320.9 606.3 0.01 77 27 24516 -53.1 -88.1 1 35.0 -55.2 343 9 618.2 618.2 321.4 618.3 0.01 78 26 24760 -52.9 -87.9 1 35.0 -55.1 348 9 625.5 625.5 321.7 625.6 0.01 79 25 25013 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -55.8 353 10 630.3 630.3 321.9 630.3 0.01 80 25 25013 -52.3 -87.3 1 35.0 -54.7 353 10 634.3 634.3 322.1 634.3 0.01 81 21 26143 -52.3 -87.3 1 35.0 -55.1 8 6 666.7 666.7 323.3 666.8 0.01 82 20 26460 -50.5 -86.5 1 36.0 -53.8 10 4 681.6 681.6 323.8 681.7 0.01 83 16 27911 -51.7 -87.7 1 36.0 -55.2 285 10 722.6 722.6 325.1 722.7 0.01 84 13 29264 -49.7 -86.7 1 37.0 -54.5 331 10 773.7 773.7 326.5 773.9 0.02 85 12 29787 -50.3 -87.3 0 37.0 -55.1 355 11 789.5 789.5 327.0 789.7 0.02 86 11 30356 -49.9 -87.9 0 38.0 -55.1 22 12 810.9 810.9 327.5 811.0 0.02 87 11 30356 -48.1 -87.1 0 39.0 -54.1 22 12 817.4 817.4 327.7 817.6 0.02 88 11 30356 -47.9 -86.9 0 39.0 -53.9 22 12 818.1 818.1 327.7 818.3 0.02 89 10 30990 -43.9 -83.9 0 40.0 -52.2 340 17 855.7 855.7 328.5 856.0 0.03 90 9.1 31624 -41.9 -82.9 0 41.0 -51.6 345 13 886.7 886.8 329.2 887.2 0.05 91 8.8 31850 -42.3 -83.3 0 41.0 -52.0 347 11 893.7 893.8 329.3 894.2 0.04 92 8.1 32413 -38.9 -80.9 0 42.0 -50.8 352 7 928.7 928.7 329.9 929.4 0.07 93 7.0 33410 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -51.9 0 0 964.9 965.0 330.6 965.9 0.08 94 6.7 33709 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -52.4 974.6 974.6 330.8 975.5 0.08 95 6.2 34242 -37.3 -79.3 0 42.0 -51.6 1009.3 1009.4 331.4 1010.7 0.12 TRP 186 12411 -68.7 -73.7 48 5.0 -68.7 265 86 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.8 0.01 WND 201 11940 -64.6 -69.5 51 4.9 -64.7 265 88 329.9 329.9 291.7 330.0 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5597.00 m Freezing level: 669.16 mb = 3436.29 m = 11273.77 ft Wetbulb zero: 696.83 mb = 3108.42 m = 10198.12 ft Precipitable water: 1.10 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 70.72 % Est. max temperature: 22.02 C = 71.63 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 943.52 mb = 607.43 m = 1992.85 ft T: 15.14 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.80 C/km ThetaE index: 5.85 C Layer 931.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 821.62 mb = 1764.82 m = 5790.01 ft Mean mixing ratio: 8.01 g/kg Conv temperature: 22.84 C = 73.11 F Cap Strength: 3.81 C Lifted Index: 3.40 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 7.07 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.35 C Showalter Index: 2.58 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 46.60 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 24.10 C Cross Totals Index: 22.50 C K Index: 31.50 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 323.80 Risk: Showers and thunderstorms possible Energy Index: 0.45 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 15.44 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.56 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 72322.96 J/kg Cap Strength: 3.79 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 866.83 mb = 1321.01 m = 4333.98 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 268 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 988 215 80 4 -3.9 -0.7 | 86 21 -21.4 -1.3 1 943 610 135 18 -12.7 12.7 | 112 33 -30.2 12.1 2 925 776 155 23 -9.7 20.8 | 127 34 -27.2 20.2 3 910 914 160 26 -8.9 24.4 | 132 36 -26.4 23.8 4 877 1219 170 28 -4.9 27.6 | 140 35 -22.3 26.9 5 850 1484 180 27 0.0 27.0 | 146 32 -17.5 26.4 6 815 1829 205 24 10.1 21.8 | 161 22 -7.3 21.1 7 785 2134 225 21 14.8 14.8 | 170 14 -2.6 14.2 8 756 2438 230 22 16.9 14.1 | 177 14 -0.6 13.5 9 729 2743 235 19 15.6 10.9 | 169 10 -1.9 10.3 10 702 3048 230 17 13.0 10.9 | 157 11 -4.4 10.3 11 700 3072 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 210 8 4.1 7.2 12 675 3353 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 240 7 6.2 3.5 13 650 3658 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 164 4 -1.1 3.8 14 601 4267 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 237 6 5.2 3.4 15 556 4877 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 256 6 5.4 1.4 16 500 5710 270 31 31.0 -0.0 | 273 14 13.5 -0.6 17 475 6096 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 262 17 16.4 2.3 18 419 7010 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 280 24 23.4 -4.2 19 400 7360 270 39 39.0 -0.0 | 272 22 21.5 -0.6 20 385 7620 270 38 38.0 -0.0 | 272 21 20.5 -0.6 21 353 8230 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 272 19 18.5 -0.6 22 324 8839 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 295 30 27.0 -12.5 23 310 9144 270 48 48.0 -0.0 | 271 31 30.5 -0.6 24 300 9370 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 271 39 38.5 -0.6 25 296 9449 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 271 38 37.5 -0.6 26 258 10363 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 258 58 56.4 12.4 27 250 10570 265 74 73.7 6.4 | 264 57 56.2 5.8 28 201 11940 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 264 71 70.2 7.0 29 200 11970 260 88 86.7 15.3 | 258 71 69.2 14.6 30 193 12192 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 264 71 70.2 7.0 31 186 12411 265 86 85.7 7.5 | 264 69 68.2 6.9 32 175 12802 270 87 87.0 -0.0 | 271 70 69.5 -0.6 33 166 13106 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 287 32 30.8 -9.1 34 150 13716 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 271 29 28.5 -0.6 35 150 13730 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 279 32 31.3 -4.9 36 118 15240 280 52 51.2 -9.0 | 286 35 33.7 -9.7 37 102 16154 295 29 26.3 -12.3 | 326 16 8.8 -12.9 38 100 16250 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 309 20 15.4 -12.6 39 97 16459 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 309 20 15.4 -12.6 40 92 16764 300 33 28.6 -16.5 | 327 20 11.1 -17.1 41 88 17069 290 29 27.3 -9.9 | 317 14 9.8 -10.6 42 84 17374 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 29 11 -5.2 -9.2 43 72 18288 250 23 21.6 7.9 | 210 8 4.1 7.2 44 70 18480 310 26 19.9 -16.7 | 352 18 2.4 -17.4 45 69 18593 300 27 23.4 -13.5 | 337 15 5.9 -14.1 46 65 18898 320 17 10.9 -13.0 | 26 15 -6.5 -13.7 47 62 19202 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 58 5 -4.7 -2.9 48 59 19507 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 14 2 -0.5 -2.1 49 57 19812 300 19 16.5 -9.5 | 6 10 -1.0 -10.1 50 51 20422 325 15 8.6 -12.3 | 34 16 -8.9 -12.9 51 50 20590 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 17 10 -2.7 -9.1 52 49 20726 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 14 2 -0.5 -2.1 53 47 21031 310 20 15.3 -12.9 | 9 14 -2.2 -13.5 54 44 21336 325 10 5.7 -8.2 | 53 15 -11.7 -8.8 55 42 21641 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 56 11 -9.3 -6.4 56 40 21946 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 54 17 -14.1 -10.0 57 39 22250 155 1 -0.4 0.9 | 91 18 -17.9 0.3 58 30 23774 10 17 -3.0 -16.7 | 50 27 -20.4 -17.4 59 30 23840 15 9 -2.3 -8.7 | 65 22 -19.8 -9.3 60 29 24079 25 11 -4.6 -10.0 | 64 25 -22.1 -10.6 61 28 24384 340 9 3.1 -8.5 | 58 17 -14.4 -9.1 62 23 25603 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 60 21 -18.3 -10.6 63 20 26460 10 4 -0.7 -3.9 | 76 19 -18.2 -4.6 64 18 27127 110 1 -0.9 0.3 | 89 18 -18.4 -0.3 65 17 27432 190 3 0.5 3.0 | 98 17 -17.0 2.3 66 16 27737 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 85 7 -7.5 -0.6 67 16 28042 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 60 10 -8.4 -4.9 68 12 29566 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 54 17 -14.1 -10.0 69 12 29870 360 11 -0.0 -11.0 | 56 21 -17.5 -11.6 70 11 30175 35 10 -5.7 -8.2 | 69 25 -23.2 -8.8 71 10 30990 340 17 5.8 -16.0 | 35 20 -11.7 -16.6 72 7 33410 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 88 17 -17.5 -0.6 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 237.9 at 23.3 knts Storm direction: 267.9 at 17.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.7 neg: 0.0 tot: 4.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 137.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 374.1 neg: -10.8 tot: 363.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 121.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.66 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.5 stream: 8.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.13 Bulk Shear: 116.32 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 131 13 106 28| 20.6 0.0 20.6|142.8 0.0 142.8 285.6 0.78| 23.7 18.5 1000 152 19 122 31| 14.5 0.0 14.5|250.0 0.0 250.0 250.0 0.84| 18.1 15.3 1500 164 22 131 31| 9.3 0.0 9.3|318.8 0.0 318.8 212.6 0.80| 16.4 13.1 2000 177 22 139 28| 6.4 0.0 6.4|347.0 0.0 347.0 173.5 0.72| 15.6 11.2 2500 188 22 145 26| 4.7 0.0 4.7|351.6 -4.0 347.6 139.0 0.67| 13.4 8.9 3000 196 21 150 23| 4.7 0.0 4.7|374.1 -10.8 363.4 121.1 0.66| 13.5 8.9 4000 213 21 161 18| 3.4 0.0 3.4|382.2 -16.8 365.4 91.4 0.57| 11.8 6.8 5000 226 22 173 14| 3.1 0.0 3.1|387.9 -16.8 371.1 74.2 0.58| 10.1 5.8 6000 238 23 191 12| 3.0 0.4 3.4|395.0 -27.3 367.7 61.3 0.52| 9.2 4.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250426.00.gif