UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 25 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 25 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 155 90 10 SFC 993 215 16.0 10.0 68 6.0 12.5 90 10 289.7 291.1 285.9 311.7 7.78 2 980 327 15.6 8.6 63 7.0 11.6 99 11 290.4 291.7 285.6 310.8 7.16 3 975 370 15.8 7.8 59 8.0 11.3 102 12 291.0 292.3 285.5 310.5 6.82 4 970 414 17.8 7.8 52 10.0 12.1 105 13 293.5 294.7 286.5 313.3 6.85 5 965 458 18.4 7.4 49 11.0 12.1 109 13 294.5 295.7 286.7 314.0 6.70 6 943 656 18.6 6.6 45 12.0 11.7 120 14 296.7 297.9 287.3 315.7 6.49 7 925 821 17.4 5.4 45 12.0 10.7 120 9 297.1 298.2 287.1 315.0 6.08 8 891 1139 14.8 4.8 51 10.0 9.3 32 2 297.6 298.7 287.2 315.5 6.06 9 886 1187 15.2 4.2 48 11.0 9.2 13 1 298.5 299.6 287.3 315.8 5.84 10 850 1537 13.6 1.6 44 12.0 7.3 260 9 300.4 301.3 287.3 315.5 5.05 11 826 1777 12.0 0.0 44 12.0 5.9 240 15 301.2 302.0 287.1 315.1 4.63 12 792 2127 9.0 -2.0 46 11.0 3.7 230 23 301.6 302.4 286.8 314.3 4.17 13 700 3133 -0.3 -1.9 89 1.6 -1.1 240 26 302.2 303.0 287.6 316.5 4.75 14 689 3259 -1.5 -2.4 94 0.9 -1.9 242 27 302.2 303.0 287.5 316.3 4.65 15 676 3411 -2.7 -2.9 99 0.2 -2.8 245 28 302.5 303.3 287.5 316.4 4.57 16 666 3529 -2.9 -4.7 87 1.8 -3.7 247 28 303.6 304.3 287.4 316.0 4.05 17 614 4168 -7.5 -7.7 98 0.2 -7.6 258 25 305.4 306.1 287.5 316.2 3.49 18 536 5214 -13.1 -13.8 94 0.7 -13.3 254 22 310.8 311.3 288.3 318.7 2.46 19 523 5401 -14.9 -16.2 90 1.3 -15.3 256 23 310.8 311.2 287.9 317.5 2.06 20 500 5740 -17.1 -17.7 95 0.6 -17.3 260 24 312.2 312.6 288.2 318.4 1.90 21 492 5861 -17.9 -18.6 94 0.7 -18.1 258 27 312.7 313.0 288.3 318.5 1.79 22 490 5891 -18.5 -19.3 93 0.8 -18.7 258 28 312.3 312.6 288.1 317.9 1.69 23 488 5921 -18.7 -21.2 81 2.5 -19.3 258 29 312.4 312.7 287.8 317.2 1.44 24 483 5998 -19.9 -24.9 64 5.0 -21.0 256 31 311.8 312.0 287.2 315.4 1.05 25 480 6044 -19.9 -23.6 72 3.7 -20.8 256 32 312.4 312.6 287.5 316.4 1.19 26 478 6075 -20.3 -26.3 59 6.0 -21.5 255 33 312.3 312.5 287.2 315.4 0.93 27 474 6137 -21.1 -31.1 40 10.0 -22.8 255 34 312.0 312.2 286.8 314.1 0.60 28 471 6184 -21.1 -29.1 49 8.0 -22.6 255 34 312.6 312.7 287.1 315.1 0.73 29 468 6231 -21.5 -32.5 36 11.0 -23.3 255 35 312.7 312.8 286.9 314.5 0.53 30 458 6389 -22.3 -38.3 22 16.0 -24.5 255 35 313.6 313.7 287.0 314.7 0.31 31 440 6682 -24.1 -39.1 24 15.0 -26.1 255 37 315.0 315.0 287.4 316.0 0.29 32 431 6832 -25.1 -38.1 29 13.0 -26.8 255 37 315.6 315.6 287.7 316.8 0.33 33 428 6883 -25.1 -34.1 43 9.0 -26.5 255 37 316.2 316.3 288.1 318.0 0.50 34 421 7002 -25.9 -40.9 23 15.0 -27.7 255 38 316.7 316.7 287.9 317.6 0.25 35 400 7370 -28.9 -41.9 27 13.0 -30.3 260 37 317.4 317.5 288.2 318.3 0.24 36 390 7551 -30.3 -43.3 27 13.0 -31.6 264 36 317.9 317.9 288.3 318.7 0.21 37 385 7643 -31.1 -42.1 33 11.0 -32.2 265 36 318.0 318.1 288.4 318.9 0.25 38 383 7680 -31.1 -37.1 56 6.0 -31.8 265 36 318.5 318.6 288.8 320.0 0.41 39 381 7717 -31.3 -39.3 45 8.0 -32.2 265 36 318.7 318.8 288.7 319.9 0.33 40 368 7962 -33.5 -38.5 61 5.0 -34.0 265 35 319.0 319.0 288.8 320.3 0.37 41 360 8117 -34.1 -36.8 76 2.7 -34.4 264 38 320.2 320.3 289.3 321.8 0.45 42 336 8597 -37.5 -41.3 68 3.8 -37.8 262 46 321.9 322.0 289.7 323.0 0.31 43 327 8784 -38.9 -41.7 75 2.8 -39.1 262 50 322.5 322.6 289.9 323.6 0.30 44 325 8826 -39.3 -43.7 63 4.4 -39.6 261 50 322.5 322.6 289.8 323.4 0.24 45 318 8975 -40.5 -43.2 75 2.7 -40.7 261 53 322.9 322.9 289.9 323.8 0.26 46 300 9370 -43.9 -48.0 64 4.1 -44.1 260 59 323.5 323.5 290.0 324.1 0.17 47 297 9437 -44.3 -49.3 57 5.0 -44.6 260 59 323.8 323.9 290.1 324.4 0.14 48 287 9666 -46.5 -50.7 62 4.2 -46.7 262 58 323.9 323.9 290.1 324.4 0.13 49 274 9972 -48.1 -52.5 60 4.4 -48.3 266 56 325.9 325.9 290.6 326.3 0.11 50 258 10366 -50.7 -55.7 55 5.0 -50.8 270 53 327.7 327.7 291.2 328.0 0.08 51 250 10570 -52.7 -57.5 56 4.8 -52.8 275 58 327.7 327.7 291.2 328.0 0.06 52 238 10886 -55.7 -61.7 47 6.0 -55.8 274 59 327.8 327.8 291.2 328.0 0.04 53 232 11048 -57.1 -61.4 58 4.3 -57.2 273 59 328.1 328.1 291.2 328.3 0.04 54 220 11382 -59.9 -65.9 45 6.0 -60.0 272 60 328.8 328.8 291.4 328.9 0.02 55 214 11554 -61.7 -66.4 53 4.7 -61.7 272 60 328.6 328.6 291.3 328.7 0.02 56 210 11671 -62.5 -68.5 44 6.0 -62.6 271 60 329.2 329.2 291.5 329.2 0.02 57 200 11970 -64.9 -69.8 51 4.9 -65.0 270 61 330.0 330.0 291.7 330.0 0.02 58 188 12343 -67.9 -72.9 49 5.0 -67.9 273 57 331.0 331.0 292.0 331.1 0.01 59 181 12570 -69.1 -72.0 66 2.9 -69.1 275 55 332.7 332.7 292.4 332.7 0.01 60 166 13090 -65.6 -75.9 23 10.3 -65.7 275 66 346.9 346.9 296.0 346.9 0.01 61 150 13710 -61.5 -80.5 6 19.0 -61.7 280 39 364.1 364.1 299.5 364.1 0.00 62 100 16220 -59.5 -79.5 6 20.0 -59.8 280 35 412.8 412.8 306.9 412.8 0.01 63 93 16676 -57.7 -77.7 6 20.0 -58.1 298 37 425.0 425.0 308.3 425.0 0.01 64 89 16952 -59.1 -81.1 4 22.0 -59.5 300 37 427.6 427.6 308.6 427.6 0.01 65 86 17167 -57.7 -80.7 4 23.0 -58.2 295 36 434.6 434.6 309.3 434.6 0.01 66 78 17782 -58.1 -79.1 5 21.0 -58.6 307 27 446.1 446.1 310.5 446.1 0.01 67 70 18460 -60.3 -80.3 6 20.0 -60.7 295 22 455.4 455.4 311.4 455.4 0.01 68 50 20570 -57.5 -79.5 4 22.0 -58.2 340 13 508.0 508.0 315.5 508.1 0.01 69 39 22149 -54.9 -76.9 5 22.0 -56.1 348 10 552.0 552.0 318.2 552.2 0.03 70 33 23215 -55.5 -79.5 3 24.0 -56.9 299 10 577.4 577.4 319.5 577.5 0.02 71 30 23820 -57.5 -79.5 4 22.0 -58.7 30 4 587.9 587.9 320.0 588.1 0.02 72 27 24488 -54.3 -78.3 4 24.0 -56.1 13 6 614.9 614.9 321.3 615.1 0.03 73 25 24978 -55.5 -79.5 3 24.0 -57.2 25 10 625.1 625.1 321.7 625.3 0.03 74 22 25796 -52.9 -77.9 3 25.0 -55.4 51 10 656.1 656.1 322.9 656.5 0.04 75 21 26095 -53.3 -78.3 3 25.0 -55.8 86 11 663.7 663.7 323.2 664.0 0.04 76 20 26410 -50.9 -76.9 3 26.0 -54.1 15 2 680.4 680.4 323.8 680.8 0.05 77 19 26745 -50.7 -77.7 3 27.0 -54.1 48 2 691.0 691.1 324.1 691.5 0.05 78 18 27098 -50.9 -76.9 3 26.0 -54.3 43 2 701.2 701.2 324.5 701.7 0.06 79 13 29236 -47.5 -80.5 1 33.0 -53.1 24 10 781.4 781.4 326.8 781.8 0.05 80 12 29764 -49.3 -83.3 1 34.0 -54.5 11 10 793.1 793.1 327.1 793.4 0.03 81 11 30336 -48.5 -83.5 1 35.0 -54.3 5 11 816.0 816.0 327.6 816.3 0.03 82 10 30970 -44.3 -82.3 1 38.0 -52.4 25 16 854.2 854.2 328.5 854.6 0.05 83 10 30970 -44.5 -82.5 1 38.0 -52.4 25 16 853.4 853.5 328.5 853.9 0.04 84 9.0 31682 -41.3 -81.3 1 40.0 -51.4 74 12 891.9 891.9 329.2 892.5 0.06 85 8.2 32314 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -52.4 117 9 910.4 910.4 329.6 910.9 0.05 86 7.9 32566 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -52.5 134 8 920.9 921.0 329.8 921.5 0.06 87 7.0 33390 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -51.8 190 4 966.6 966.6 330.7 967.4 0.08 88 6.6 33794 -37.7 -79.7 0 42.0 -51.4 989.7 989.8 331.0 990.9 0.11 TRP 181 12570 -69.1 -72.0 66 2.9 -69.1 275 55 332.7 332.7 292.4 332.7 0.01 WND 166 13090 -65.6 -75.9 23 10.3 -65.7 275 66 346.9 346.9 296.0 346.9 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5585.00 m Freezing level: 702.97 mb = 3100.56 m = 10172.32 ft Wetbulb zero: 720.76 mb = 2895.01 m = 9497.96 ft Precipitable water: 0.93 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 74.13 % Est. max temperature: 26.87 C = 80.36 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 907.73 mb = 981.12 m = 3218.86 ft T: 16.09 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.44 C/km ThetaE index: 1.54 C Layer 850.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 731.45 mb = 2775.13 m = 9104.64 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.51 g/kg Conv temperature: 28.24 C = 82.83 F Cap Strength: 5.81 C Lifted Index: 2.63 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 6.88 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 1.79 C Showalter Index: 1.84 C Risk: Showers probable Total Totals Index: 49.40 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 30.70 C Cross Totals Index: 18.70 C K Index: 30.70 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 69.20 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.55 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 32.43 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.05 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 50554.52 J/kg Cap Strength: 5.81 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 805.34 mb = 1988.26 m = 6523.08 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 273 at 15 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 993 215 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 92 25 -25.3 0.8 1 948 610 120 15 -13.0 7.5 | 106 29 -28.3 8.3 2 925 821 120 9 -7.8 4.5 | 103 24 -23.1 5.3 3 915 914 120 9 -7.8 4.5 | 103 24 -23.1 5.3 4 883 1219 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 93 15 -15.3 0.8 5 851 1524 255 10 9.7 2.6 | 121 7 -5.6 3.4 6 850 1537 260 9 8.9 1.6 | 110 7 -6.4 2.4 7 820 1829 235 16 13.1 9.2 | 168 10 -2.2 10.0 8 790 2134 230 23 17.6 14.8 | 189 16 2.3 15.6 9 762 2438 225 23 16.3 16.3 | 183 17 1.0 17.1 10 734 2743 220 23 14.8 17.6 | 178 18 -0.5 18.4 11 707 3048 225 22 15.6 15.6 | 181 16 0.3 16.4 12 700 3133 240 26 22.5 13.0 | 208 16 7.2 13.8 13 654 3658 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 228 16 12.0 10.7 14 605 4267 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 239 10 8.3 5.0 15 581 4572 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 208 6 3.1 5.7 16 559 4877 250 21 19.7 7.2 | 209 9 4.4 8.0 17 500 5740 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 239 10 8.3 5.0 18 476 6096 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 241 20 17.6 9.6 19 420 7010 255 38 36.7 9.8 | 244 24 21.4 10.6 20 400 7370 260 37 36.4 6.4 | 251 22 21.2 7.2 21 386 7620 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 259 21 20.6 3.9 22 369 7925 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 259 20 19.6 3.9 23 310 9144 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 255 41 39.9 10.5 24 300 9370 260 59 58.1 10.2 | 256 44 42.8 11.1 25 296 9449 260 59 58.1 10.2 | 256 44 42.8 11.1 26 258 10363 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 269 38 37.7 0.8 27 250 10570 275 58 57.8 -5.1 | 276 43 42.5 -4.2 28 200 11970 270 61 61.0 -0.0 | 269 46 45.7 0.8 29 181 12570 275 55 54.8 -4.8 | 276 40 39.5 -4.0 30 166 13090 275 66 65.7 -5.8 | 276 51 50.5 -4.9 31 158 13411 275 66 65.7 -5.8 | 276 51 50.5 -4.9 32 150 13710 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 284 24 23.1 -6.0 33 150 13716 295 51 46.2 -21.6 | 304 37 30.9 -20.7 34 143 14021 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 284 24 23.1 -6.0 35 136 14326 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 302 21 17.6 -11.2 36 123 14935 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 277 15 14.6 -1.8 37 117 15240 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 276 27 26.6 -2.9 38 112 15545 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 291 31 29.1 -11.1 39 101 16154 295 29 26.3 -12.3 | 316 16 11.0 -11.4 40 100 16220 280 35 34.5 -6.1 | 285 20 19.2 -5.3 41 96 16459 280 35 34.5 -6.1 | 285 20 19.2 -5.3 42 92 16764 305 38 31.1 -21.8 | 323 26 15.8 -21.0 43 83 17374 290 35 32.9 -12.0 | 302 21 17.6 -11.2 44 79 17678 310 29 22.2 -18.6 | 339 19 6.9 -17.8 45 72 18288 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 343 6 1.6 -5.3 46 70 18460 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 331 10 4.7 -8.5 47 69 18593 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 292 2 1.6 -0.7 48 59 19507 320 22 14.1 -16.9 | 4 16 -1.1 -16.0 49 56 19812 310 15 11.5 -9.6 | 23 10 -3.8 -8.8 50 54 20117 320 12 7.7 -9.2 | 42 11 -7.6 -8.4 51 50 20570 340 13 4.4 -12.2 | 44 16 -10.8 -11.4 52 49 20726 310 15 11.5 -9.6 | 23 10 -3.8 -8.8 53 44 21336 330 14 7.0 -12.1 | 36 14 -8.3 -11.3 54 42 21641 10 12 -2.1 -11.8 | 58 21 -17.4 -11.0 55 40 21946 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 55 15 -12.7 -8.9 56 35 22860 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 59 18 -15.3 -9.2 57 33 23165 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 72 6 -5.6 -1.8 58 32 23470 10 12 -2.1 -11.8 | 58 21 -17.4 -11.0 59 30 23774 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 67 21 -19.5 -8.3 60 30 23820 30 4 -2.0 -3.5 | 81 17 -17.3 -2.7 61 27 24384 10 5 -0.9 -4.9 | 76 17 -16.2 -4.1 62 25 24994 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 67 21 -19.5 -8.3 63 22 25908 55 10 -8.2 -5.7 | 78 24 -23.5 -4.9 64 21 26213 105 11 -10.6 2.8 | 98 26 -25.9 3.7 65 20 26410 15 2 -0.5 -1.9 | 86 16 -15.8 -1.1 66 19 26822 55 2 -1.6 -1.1 | 89 17 -16.9 -0.3 67 17 27432 30 2 -1.0 -1.7 | 87 16 -16.3 -0.9 68 16 27737 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 56 16 -13.5 -9.0 69 14 28651 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 72 23 -21.7 -6.9 70 11 30175 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 59 18 -15.3 -9.2 71 10 30970 25 16 -6.8 -14.5 | 58 26 -22.0 -13.7 72 7 33390 190 4 0.7 3.9 | 108 15 -14.6 4.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 243.0 at 20.4 knts Storm direction: 273.0 at 15.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.4 neg: 4.8 tot: 6.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 119.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 133.4 neg: -72.7 tot: 60.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 20.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.29 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.9 stream: 3.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.26 Bulk Shear: 122.63 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 111 13 101 28| 6.2 0.0 6.2| 51.1 -5.2 45.9 91.9 0.57| 11.3 6.5 1000 114 10 101 25| 3.1 6.2 9.3| 60.4 -49.4 11.0 11.0 0.03| 13.9 0.4 1500 134 9 108 23| 2.1 7.7 9.7| 77.2 -60.7 16.5 11.0 0.16| 15.3 2.4 2000 193 11 133 17| 1.5 7.5 9.0| 96.0 -61.5 34.5 17.2 0.24| 14.3 3.4 2500 209 14 146 15| 1.2 5.7 7.0| 96.0 -72.7 23.3 9.3 0.18| 12.1 2.2 3000 216 15 155 15| 1.4 4.8 6.1|133.4 -72.7 60.7 20.2 0.29| 11.9 3.4 4000 232 19 177 12| 1.4 3.6 5.0|161.3 -72.7 88.6 22.1 0.34| 10.3 3.5 5000 238 19 185 11| 1.3 2.5 3.8|165.9 -81.1 84.8 17.0 0.28| 9.2 2.5 6000 243 20 196 10| 1.3 3.0 4.3|175.6 -81.4 94.2 15.7 0.27| 8.9 2.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250425.12.gif