UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042500.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 25 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 25 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 169 40 3 SFC 994 215 24.2 9.2 39 15.0 15.1 40 3 297.9 299.2 288.6 319.4 7.36 2 977 367 22.4 6.4 35 16.0 13.2 38 2 297.5 298.6 287.3 315.7 6.17 3 952 594 20.4 7.4 43 13.0 12.8 35 1 297.7 298.9 288.0 317.7 6.79 4 925 844 18.8 4.8 40 14.0 11.0 295 6 298.5 299.6 287.3 315.8 5.83 5 888 1193 16.8 -1.2 29 18.0 7.8 271 17 300.0 300.7 286.0 311.9 3.94 6 850 1563 13.2 -1.8 35 15.0 5.8 255 18 300.0 300.7 286.0 311.9 3.94 7 787 2204 7.4 -2.6 49 10.0 2.7 260 21 300.4 301.2 286.2 312.6 4.01 8 764 2447 5.6 -8.4 36 14.0 -0.2 260 22 301.1 301.5 285.0 309.2 2.65 9 743 2675 3.6 -3.4 60 7.0 0.4 260 22 301.3 302.0 286.5 313.4 4.00 10 729 2829 2.2 -4.8 60 7.0 -0.9 261 22 301.4 302.1 286.2 312.6 3.67 11 721 2918 1.2 -5.8 60 7.0 -1.9 262 22 301.3 301.9 285.9 311.8 3.44 12 717 2962 1.0 -9.0 47 10.0 -3.0 263 21 301.5 302.0 285.2 309.8 2.70 13 711 3030 0.4 -6.6 59 7.0 -2.6 263 21 301.6 302.2 285.9 311.6 3.28 14 706 3087 0.0 -8.0 55 8.0 -3.3 264 21 301.7 302.3 285.7 310.9 2.96 15 700 3155 -0.5 -7.5 59 7.0 -3.4 265 21 301.9 302.5 285.8 311.5 3.11 16 696 3201 -0.9 -6.9 64 6.0 -3.4 264 21 302.0 302.6 286.1 312.0 3.27 17 679 3398 -2.7 -9.7 59 7.0 -5.4 260 22 302.1 302.6 285.5 310.5 2.69 18 675 3444 -2.9 -8.9 63 6.0 -5.3 259 23 302.4 302.9 285.8 311.3 2.89 19 669 3515 -3.1 -11.1 54 8.0 -6.1 258 23 303.0 303.4 285.5 310.6 2.45 20 658 3646 -4.1 -14.1 46 10.0 -7.5 255 24 303.3 303.6 285.1 309.4 1.95 21 642 3840 -5.7 -11.7 63 6.0 -7.9 263 26 303.6 304.0 285.8 311.2 2.43 22 633 3950 -6.5 -16.5 45 10.0 -9.6 269 27 303.9 304.2 285.0 309.2 1.66 23 627 4025 -6.9 -15.9 49 9.0 -9.8 267 27 304.3 304.6 285.3 309.9 1.76 24 626 4037 -7.1 -16.1 49 9.0 -9.9 266 27 304.2 304.5 285.2 309.7 1.74 25 624 4062 -7.1 -20.1 35 13.0 -10.8 265 27 304.5 304.7 284.8 308.5 1.24 26 604 4315 -8.5 -26.5 22 18.0 -12.8 250 26 305.7 305.8 284.6 308.1 0.73 27 600 4367 -8.9 -23.9 29 15.0 -12.7 249 26 305.8 306.0 284.9 308.9 0.92 28 586 4550 -9.7 -32.7 13 23.0 -14.3 246 25 307.0 307.0 284.7 308.4 0.42 29 584 4576 -9.9 -32.9 13 23.0 -14.4 245 25 307.0 307.1 284.7 308.4 0.41 30 574 4709 -10.5 -28.5 21 18.0 -14.5 249 27 307.8 308.0 285.3 310.0 0.63 31 560 4899 -11.5 -41.5 6 30.0 -16.2 255 31 308.8 308.9 285.1 309.5 0.18 32 535 5248 -13.1 -39.1 9 26.0 -17.3 270 31 311.0 311.0 286.0 311.9 0.24 33 500 5760 -16.9 -37.9 14 21.0 -20.1 275 36 312.4 312.5 286.5 313.5 0.29 34 473 6173 -20.7 -37.7 20 17.0 -23.1 271 37 312.7 312.8 286.7 313.9 0.31 35 463 6331 -22.1 -35.1 30 13.0 -24.1 273 38 312.9 313.0 286.9 314.4 0.42 36 461 6362 -22.3 -33.3 36 11.0 -24.1 274 39 313.0 313.1 287.0 314.8 0.50 37 460 6378 -22.5 -29.5 53 7.0 -23.8 274 39 313.0 313.1 287.2 315.5 0.72 38 450 6539 -23.7 -31.7 48 8.0 -25.0 277 40 313.4 313.6 287.3 315.5 0.60 39 445 6621 -24.5 -29.1 66 4.6 -25.3 278 41 313.4 313.6 287.5 316.1 0.77 40 444 6637 -24.7 -28.0 74 3.3 -25.3 278 41 313.4 313.6 287.5 316.3 0.86 41 440 6703 -25.1 -32.1 52 7.0 -26.2 279 42 313.7 313.8 287.3 315.8 0.59 42 439 6719 -25.1 -31.1 57 6.0 -26.1 279 42 313.9 314.0 287.5 316.2 0.65 43 438 6736 -25.1 -26.8 86 1.7 -25.4 280 42 314.1 314.3 287.9 317.4 0.97 44 435 6786 -25.3 -27.5 82 2.2 -25.7 281 43 314.5 314.6 287.9 317.6 0.92 45 432 6836 -24.9 -28.8 70 3.9 -25.6 281 43 315.6 315.8 288.2 318.4 0.82 46 428 6903 -25.3 -30.2 64 4.9 -26.1 282 44 315.9 316.1 288.2 318.5 0.73 47 426 6937 -25.7 -30.7 63 5.0 -26.5 283 44 315.8 316.0 288.2 318.3 0.70 48 421 7023 -26.1 -32.1 57 6.0 -27.1 284 45 316.4 316.5 288.3 318.6 0.62 49 414 7144 -27.3 -33.3 57 6.0 -28.2 286 46 316.4 316.5 288.2 318.3 0.56 50 402 7354 -29.3 -33.3 68 4.0 -29.9 289 49 316.5 316.6 288.2 318.5 0.57 51 401 7372 -29.3 -33.7 66 4.4 -29.9 290 49 316.7 316.8 288.3 318.6 0.55 52 400 7390 -29.5 -35.5 56 6.0 -30.3 290 49 316.6 316.7 288.2 318.3 0.46 53 399 7408 -29.5 -35.5 56 6.0 -30.3 290 49 316.9 317.0 288.3 318.5 0.47 54 397 7444 -29.5 -42.5 27 13.0 -30.8 289 49 317.3 317.4 288.1 318.2 0.23 55 391 7552 -29.9 -49.9 13 20.0 -31.5 287 48 318.2 318.2 288.3 318.6 0.10 56 300 9370 -46.5 -57.5 28 11.0 -46.9 300 57 319.8 319.8 288.8 320.0 0.05 57 250 10560 -55.5 -62.5 41 7.0 -55.6 295 75 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.7 0.03 58 213 11563 -61.4 -68.4 39 7.0 -61.4 320 75 329.6 329.6 291.6 329.6 0.02 59 200 11950 -63.7 -70.7 38 7.0 -63.8 310 55 331.9 331.9 292.2 331.9 0.01 60 180 12593 -65.9 -74.9 27 9.0 -66.0 275 66 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.5 0.01 61 150 13720 -58.7 -84.7 2 26.0 -58.9 285 46 368.9 368.9 300.4 369.0 0.00 62 100 16240 -58.9 -86.9 2 28.0 -59.2 315 27 413.9 413.9 307.0 413.9 0.00 63 97 16431 -60.1 -87.1 2 27.0 -60.4 315 27 415.2 415.2 307.2 415.2 0.00 64 84 17339 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -56.3 275 40 441.6 441.6 310.0 441.6 0.00 65 75 18056 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 281 21 448.2 448.2 310.7 448.2 0.00 66 73 18226 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.0 273 25 455.9 455.9 311.4 455.9 0.00 67 70 18490 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.6 310 22 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 68 64 19049 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 305 16 464.6 464.6 312.2 464.6 0.00 69 57 19772 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.1 297 28 487.0 487.0 314.0 487.0 0.00 70 55 19996 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.7 312 27 490.6 490.7 314.2 490.7 0.00 71 50 20600 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -55.9 315 4 514.1 514.1 315.9 514.1 0.00 72 49 20729 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -55.9 315 4 517.1 517.1 316.1 517.1 0.00 73 47 20994 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.4 315 4 519.4 519.4 316.2 519.5 0.00 74 44 21415 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -55.4 308 14 535.2 535.2 317.2 535.2 0.00 75 37 22521 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -57.3 13 10 557.3 557.3 318.5 557.3 0.01 76 34 23061 -54.5 -87.5 1 33.0 -56.0 13 10 575.1 575.1 319.4 575.1 0.01 77 32 23448 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -57.1 342 10 582.0 582.0 319.8 582.0 0.01 78 30 23860 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -55.8 30 4 597.2 597.2 320.5 597.2 0.01 79 28 24305 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -54.6 352 1 613.5 613.5 321.2 613.6 0.01 80 25 25037 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.5 351 3 631.4 631.4 322.0 631.5 0.01 81 23 25576 -52.9 -86.9 1 34.0 -55.4 338 7 647.8 647.8 322.6 647.9 0.01 82 23 25576 -50.9 -85.9 1 35.0 -53.8 338 7 653.7 653.7 322.8 653.8 0.01 83 22 25866 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -53.6 331 10 663.3 663.3 323.2 663.4 0.01 84 21 26169 -51.5 -86.5 1 35.0 -54.5 6 7 669.1 669.1 323.4 669.2 0.01 85 21 26169 -48.7 -85.7 1 37.0 -52.5 6 7 677.6 677.6 323.7 677.7 0.01 86 20 26490 -48.7 -84.7 1 36.0 -52.6 50 3 687.1 687.1 324.0 687.2 0.02 87 17 27563 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -51.9 24 9 725.6 725.6 325.2 725.7 0.02 88 16 27965 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -52.1 26 12 738.3 738.3 325.6 738.4 0.02 89 14 28848 -47.9 -84.9 1 37.0 -53.1 352 9 763.6 763.6 326.3 763.8 0.02 90 14 28848 -46.7 -84.7 1 38.0 -52.4 352 9 767.7 767.7 326.4 767.9 0.02 91 12 29866 -48.3 -85.3 1 37.0 -53.9 335 18 796.6 796.6 327.1 796.8 0.02 92 10 31080 -43.5 -83.5 0 40.0 -52.0 340 9 857.2 857.2 328.5 857.5 0.04 93 10 31080 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -51.5 340 9 860.9 860.9 328.7 861.3 0.04 94 8.2 32423 -40.5 -81.5 0 41.0 -51.5 304 15 919.1 919.1 329.8 919.7 0.06 95 7.6 32944 -37.5 -79.5 0 42.0 -50.6 290 17 951.4 951.4 330.4 952.4 0.09 96 7.0 33510 -37.7 -79.7 0 42.0 -51.1 275 20 973.2 973.3 330.8 974.3 0.10 97 6.9 33609 -38.5 -80.5 0 42.0 -51.5 973.9 973.9 330.8 974.9 0.09 98 6.6 33915 -37.1 -79.1 0 42.0 -51.2 992.2 992.3 331.1 993.6 0.12 TRP 180 12593 -65.9 -74.9 27 9.0 -66.0 275 66 338.4 338.4 293.9 338.5 0.01 WND 213 11563 -61.4 -68.4 39 7.0 -61.4 320 75 329.6 329.6 291.6 329.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5591.00 m Freezing level: 706.00 mb = 3086.64 m = 10126.64 ft Wetbulb zero: 765.72 mb = 2428.85 m = 7968.58 ft Precipitable water: 0.65 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 35.91 % Est. max temperature: 26.36 C = 79.44 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 796.66 mb = 2102.30 m = 6897.21 ft T: 8.32 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.30 C/km ThetaE index: 5.78 C Layer 925.0- 787.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 725.69 mb = 2865.41 m = 9400.85 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.01 g/kg Conv temperature: 27.67 C = 81.81 F Cap Strength: 2.65 C Lifted Index: 1.77 C Risk: Showers probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 3.05 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 0.80 C Showalter Index: 4.23 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 45.20 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 30.10 C Cross Totals Index: 15.10 C K Index: 21.30 Risk: 20-40 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 72.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.38 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 11.99 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.90 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 141.57 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.65 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 758.13 mb = 2510.16 m = 8235.35 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 643.13 mb = 3825.80 m = 12551.69 ft Equ Level (EL): 603.13 mb = 4326.55 m = 14194.54 ft B at Equ Level: 11.91 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 553.13 mb = 4993.17 m = 16381.58 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 293 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 994 215 40 3 -1.9 -2.3 | 104 18 -17.5 4.4 1 950 610 35 1 -0.6 -0.8 | 110 17 -16.2 5.9 2 925 844 295 6 5.4 -2.5 | 112 11 -10.2 4.2 3 917 914 285 6 5.8 -1.6 | 118 11 -9.8 5.2 4 885 1219 270 18 18.0 -0.0 | 200 7 2.4 6.7 5 850 1563 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 189 12 1.8 11.4 6 823 1829 250 21 19.7 7.2 | 197 14 4.1 13.9 7 793 2134 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 206 12 5.1 10.4 8 764 2438 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 210 12 6.1 10.5 9 736 2743 260 22 21.7 3.8 | 210 12 6.1 10.5 10 700 3155 265 21 20.9 1.8 | 212 10 5.3 8.5 11 656 3658 255 24 23.2 6.2 | 210 15 7.6 12.9 12 631 3962 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 239 13 11.4 6.7 13 606 4267 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 209 18 8.8 15.6 14 583 4572 245 25 22.7 10.6 | 202 19 7.1 17.3 15 560 4877 255 31 29.9 8.0 | 224 21 14.3 14.7 16 518 5486 280 31 30.5 -5.4 | 265 15 14.9 1.3 17 500 5760 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 260 21 20.3 3.6 18 478 6096 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 252 21 20.4 6.7 19 400 7390 290 49 46.0 -16.8 | 288 32 30.4 -10.0 20 387 7620 285 48 46.4 -12.4 | 281 31 30.8 -5.7 21 310 9144 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 296 36 32.4 -15.7 22 300 9370 300 57 49.4 -28.5 | 303 40 33.8 -21.8 23 250 10560 295 75 68.0 -31.7 | 296 58 52.4 -25.0 24 246 10668 295 75 68.0 -31.7 | 296 58 52.4 -25.0 25 213 11563 320 75 48.2 -57.5 | 327 60 32.6 -50.7 26 202 11887 320 75 48.2 -57.5 | 327 60 32.6 -50.7 27 200 11950 310 55 42.1 -35.4 | 317 39 26.5 -28.6 28 183 12497 290 47 44.2 -16.1 | 288 30 28.6 -9.4 29 180 12593 275 66 65.7 -5.8 | 269 50 50.1 1.0 30 174 12802 280 61 60.1 -10.6 | 275 45 44.5 -3.9 31 166 13106 280 75 73.9 -13.0 | 276 59 58.3 -6.3 32 158 13411 295 57 51.7 -24.1 | 296 40 36.1 -17.4 33 150 13716 290 45 42.3 -15.4 | 288 28 26.7 -8.7 34 150 13720 285 46 44.4 -11.9 | 280 29 28.8 -5.2 35 136 14326 280 56 55.1 -9.7 | 274 40 39.5 -3.0 36 123 14935 285 42 40.6 -10.9 | 279 25 25.0 -4.2 37 117 15240 290 47 44.2 -16.1 | 288 30 28.6 -9.4 38 100 16240 315 27 19.1 -19.1 | 344 13 3.5 -12.4 39 97 16459 315 27 19.1 -19.1 | 344 13 3.5 -12.4 40 92 16764 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 244 7 6.1 2.9 41 84 17374 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 263 25 25.2 3.1 42 80 17678 295 26 23.6 -11.0 | 298 9 8.0 -4.3 43 76 17983 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 237 3 2.7 1.8 44 72 18288 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 239 13 11.4 6.7 45 70 18490 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 350 8 1.2 -7.4 46 69 18593 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 333 7 3.2 -6.5 47 66 18898 310 19 14.6 -12.2 | 11 6 -1.1 -5.5 48 62 19202 300 14 12.1 -7.0 | 85 3 -3.5 -0.3 49 60 19507 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 233 8 6.3 4.8 50 57 19812 300 29 25.1 -14.5 | 309 12 9.5 -7.8 51 54 20117 320 26 16.7 -19.9 | 355 13 1.1 -13.2 52 51 20422 335 19 8.0 -17.2 | 36 13 -7.6 -10.5 53 50 20600 315 4 2.8 -2.8 | 107 13 -12.8 3.9 54 47 21031 315 4 2.8 -2.8 | 107 13 -12.8 3.9 55 45 21336 300 15 13.0 -7.5 | 73 3 -2.6 -0.8 56 42 21641 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 80 11 -10.6 -1.9 57 35 22860 30 10 -5.0 -8.7 | 85 21 -20.6 -1.9 58 32 23470 340 10 3.4 -9.4 | 78 12 -12.2 -2.7 59 30 23774 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 82 19 -19.0 -2.7 60 30 23860 30 4 -2.0 -3.5 | 100 18 -17.6 3.2 61 28 24384 345 1 0.3 -1.0 | 111 16 -15.3 5.7 62 26 24689 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 113 17 -15.6 6.7 63 22 25908 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 80 11 -10.6 -1.9 64 20 26490 50 3 -2.3 -1.9 | 105 19 -17.9 4.8 65 17 27432 20 7 -2.4 -6.6 | 90 18 -18.0 0.1 66 17 27737 30 11 -5.5 -9.5 | 82 21 -21.1 -2.8 67 15 28346 20 14 -4.8 -13.2 | 72 21 -20.4 -6.4 68 14 28651 340 12 4.1 -11.3 | 68 12 -11.5 -4.6 69 13 29261 15 4 -1.0 -3.9 | 100 17 -16.6 2.8 70 13 29566 315 10 7.1 -7.1 | 88 9 -8.5 -0.4 71 12 29870 335 18 7.6 -16.3 | 40 12 -8.0 -9.6 72 11 30175 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 83 20 -19.8 -2.4 73 10 31080 340 9 3.1 -8.5 | 82 13 -12.5 -1.7 74 7 33510 275 20 19.9 -1.7 | 221 7 4.3 5.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 263.3 at 22.7 knts Storm direction: 293.3 at 17.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 0.7 neg: 3.9 tot: 4.7 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 107.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 50.9 neg: -11.1 tot: 39.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 13.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.43 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 6.4 stream: 2.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.16 Bulk Shear: 75.84 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 31 2 107 17| 0.0 2.7 2.7| 7.9 -7.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.04| 4.6 -0.2 1000 289 6 116 11| 0.0 10.2 10.2| 34.9 -7.9 27.0 27.0 0.56| 11.8 6.6 1500 269 10 141 9| 0.0 7.7 7.7| 37.5 -11.1 26.4 17.6 0.42| 10.1 4.2 2000 262 13 161 9| 0.8 5.7 6.6| 47.9 -11.1 36.8 18.4 0.44| 8.9 3.9 2500 262 15 173 9| 0.7 4.7 5.4| 49.7 -11.1 38.6 15.5 0.45| 7.2 3.3 3000 262 16 180 9| 0.7 3.9 4.7| 50.9 -11.1 39.8 13.3 0.43| 6.4 2.8 4000 262 18 194 10| 0.5 3.7 4.2| 72.6 -34.5 38.1 9.5 0.30| 7.0 2.1 5000 259 20 202 11| 1.5 3.2 4.6|141.6 -49.6 92.0 18.4 0.37| 7.4 2.7 6000 263 23 216 12| 1.7 2.9 4.6|172.3 -71.5 100.7 16.8 0.33| 7.5 2.5 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250425.00.gif