UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042412.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 24 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 24 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 187 150 5 SFC 996 215 13.0 7.0 67 6.0 9.7 150 5 286.5 287.6 283.1 304.2 6.31 2 990 267 16.0 8.0 59 8.0 11.5 161 7 290.0 291.2 285.1 309.3 6.81 3 983 328 17.6 7.6 52 10.0 11.9 174 9 292.2 293.4 285.8 311.3 6.67 4 973 416 17.4 5.4 45 12.0 10.8 193 12 292.8 293.9 285.1 309.6 5.78 5 966 478 18.2 5.2 42 13.0 11.0 207 14 294.2 295.3 285.7 311.0 5.74 6 940 713 17.0 5.0 45 12.0 10.4 241 18 295.3 296.4 286.2 312.3 5.82 7 925 851 16.0 7.0 55 9.0 10.9 250 18 295.7 296.9 287.2 315.5 6.80 8 889 1187 13.8 5.8 58 8.0 9.3 259 23 296.8 297.9 287.3 315.8 6.51 9 850 1564 10.4 4.4 66 6.0 7.2 260 24 297.0 298.2 287.1 315.2 6.17 10 787 2198 4.4 3.7 95 0.7 4.0 277 23 297.2 298.4 287.4 315.9 6.35 11 785 2219 4.2 3.7 97 0.5 3.9 278 23 297.2 298.4 287.4 315.9 6.37 12 768 2397 2.8 2.2 96 0.6 2.5 283 23 297.6 298.6 287.0 314.8 5.85 13 764 2439 3.0 0.3 82 2.7 1.7 285 23 298.2 299.2 286.5 313.5 5.12 14 747 2621 1.2 -0.3 90 1.5 0.5 291 25 298.2 299.1 286.4 313.1 5.01 15 738 2719 0.6 -2.3 81 2.9 -0.7 294 26 298.6 299.4 285.9 311.7 4.38 16 700 3141 -2.9 -3.3 97 0.4 -3.1 295 28 299.3 300.1 286.1 312.1 4.28 17 694 3209 -3.3 -3.3 100 0.0 -3.3 294 29 299.6 300.4 286.2 312.5 4.32 18 663 3569 -5.9 -5.9 100 0.0 -5.9 287 31 300.6 301.3 286.0 311.8 3.71 19 661 3592 -5.9 -6.1 98 0.2 -6.0 286 31 300.8 301.5 286.0 312.0 3.67 20 659 3616 -5.9 -15.9 45 10.0 -9.1 286 32 301.1 301.4 284.0 306.4 1.68 21 650 3724 -5.3 -15.3 45 10.0 -8.6 285 32 303.0 303.3 284.8 308.6 1.79 22 642 3821 -5.7 -16.7 42 11.0 -9.2 284 31 303.6 303.9 284.8 308.7 1.61 23 634 3919 -6.3 -14.3 53 8.0 -9.0 283 31 304.0 304.4 285.4 310.3 1.99 24 630 3969 -6.3 -16.3 45 10.0 -9.5 283 31 304.5 304.9 285.3 310.0 1.70 25 617 4131 -7.7 -18.7 41 11.0 -10.9 281 30 304.8 305.0 285.1 309.3 1.42 26 613 4182 -8.1 -19.1 41 11.0 -11.3 281 30 304.9 305.1 285.1 309.3 1.38 27 599 4361 -9.3 -21.3 37 12.0 -12.5 279 28 305.5 305.7 285.1 309.3 1.16 28 590 4478 -10.1 -27.1 23 17.0 -14.0 277 27 305.9 306.0 284.7 308.3 0.70 29 589 4491 -9.9 -30.9 16 21.0 -14.2 277 27 306.3 306.4 284.5 308.0 0.49 30 586 4530 -10.3 -29.3 19 19.0 -14.4 276 27 306.3 306.4 284.7 308.2 0.58 31 578 4636 -11.1 -25.1 30 14.0 -14.5 275 27 306.5 306.7 285.1 309.4 0.86 32 566 4797 -12.7 -24.7 36 12.0 -15.5 275 31 306.5 306.7 285.1 309.5 0.91 33 565 4810 -12.7 -24.7 36 12.0 -15.5 275 31 306.6 306.8 285.2 309.7 0.91 34 561 4864 -13.1 -22.1 47 9.0 -15.4 275 32 306.8 307.0 285.5 310.6 1.16 35 559 4892 -13.1 -22.1 47 9.0 -15.4 275 33 307.1 307.3 285.7 310.9 1.16 36 517 5481 -18.3 -22.4 70 4.1 -19.3 289 45 307.8 308.0 285.9 311.8 1.23 37 512 5553 -18.5 -22.4 71 3.9 -19.4 291 46 308.4 308.6 286.2 312.5 1.24 38 507 5626 -19.1 -23.2 70 4.1 -20.0 292 48 308.5 308.7 286.2 312.4 1.16 39 505 5656 -18.9 -25.9 54 7.0 -20.4 293 48 309.1 309.3 286.1 312.2 0.92 40 504 5671 -18.9 -23.9 65 5.0 -20.0 294 49 309.3 309.5 286.4 312.9 1.10 41 500 5730 -19.1 -27.1 49 8.0 -20.7 295 50 309.8 309.9 286.2 312.6 0.83 42 497 5775 -19.7 -26.7 54 7.0 -21.1 295 50 309.6 309.7 286.2 312.5 0.87 43 492 5850 -19.9 -27.9 49 8.0 -21.5 295 51 310.2 310.4 286.4 312.9 0.78 44 489 5895 -19.7 -31.7 34 12.0 -21.8 295 51 311.0 311.1 286.4 312.9 0.55 45 481 6017 -20.7 -32.7 33 12.0 -22.7 295 52 311.2 311.3 286.4 313.0 0.51 46 479 6048 -20.7 -35.7 25 15.0 -22.9 295 53 311.6 311.7 286.4 312.9 0.38 47 463 6297 -22.7 -35.7 30 13.0 -24.6 294 52 312.2 312.2 286.6 313.5 0.39 48 460 6345 -22.9 -40.9 18 18.0 -25.1 294 52 312.5 312.5 286.5 313.3 0.23 49 456 6409 -23.3 -39.3 22 16.0 -25.4 294 51 312.8 312.8 286.6 313.8 0.28 50 436 6735 -26.3 -40.3 26 14.0 -27.9 292 49 313.0 313.0 286.7 313.9 0.26 51 416 7072 -29.1 -47.1 16 18.0 -30.6 291 47 313.6 313.7 286.8 314.1 0.13 52 400 7350 -31.9 -47.9 19 16.0 -33.1 290 47 313.5 313.6 286.8 314.0 0.13 53 388 7565 -33.7 -47.7 23 14.0 -34.7 294 49 313.9 313.9 286.9 314.4 0.13 54 373 7841 -36.5 -46.5 35 10.0 -37.2 294 49 313.8 313.8 286.9 314.3 0.16 55 300 9320 -47.7 -57.7 31 10.0 -48.0 305 60 318.1 318.1 288.2 318.3 0.05 56 274 9912 -51.9 -62.4 27 10.5 -52.1 300 78 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.6 0.03 57 250 10500 -56.1 -67.1 24 11.0 -56.2 295 69 322.7 322.7 289.6 322.7 0.02 58 200 11890 -63.3 -72.3 28 9.0 -63.4 275 66 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.6 0.01 59 189 12240 -65.1 -73.1 32 8.0 -65.1 280 74 335.0 335.0 293.1 335.1 0.01 60 150 13680 -59.5 -84.5 2 25.0 -59.7 280 46 367.6 367.6 300.1 367.6 0.00 61 100 16210 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.5 285 19 415.5 415.5 307.2 415.5 0.00 62 95 16532 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.0 283 20 418.5 418.5 307.5 418.5 0.00 63 92 16733 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.5 279 21 425.5 425.5 308.3 425.5 0.00 64 82 17455 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.1 269 26 436.5 436.5 309.5 436.5 0.00 65 77 17848 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.1 289 24 444.4 444.4 310.3 444.4 0.00 66 73 18184 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.8 295 26 458.8 458.8 311.7 458.8 0.00 67 70 18450 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.7 305 27 462.2 462.2 312.0 462.2 0.00 68 64 19016 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.4 295 21 470.3 470.3 312.7 470.3 0.00 69 61 19319 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.7 295 19 478.6 478.6 313.3 478.6 0.00 70 53 20202 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.3 331 14 494.5 494.5 314.5 494.5 0.00 71 50 20570 -56.7 -88.7 1 32.0 -57.5 290 15 509.9 509.9 315.7 509.9 0.00 72 47 20964 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -55.8 291 14 523.8 523.8 316.5 523.8 0.00 73 41 21835 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.0 332 8 541.6 541.6 317.6 541.7 0.00 74 35 22845 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -55.8 265 7 570.9 570.9 319.2 570.9 0.01 75 30 23830 -55.3 -88.3 1 33.0 -56.8 200 6 593.9 593.9 320.3 593.9 0.01 76 28 24270 -53.7 -87.7 1 34.0 -55.6 236 5 610.2 610.2 321.0 610.2 0.01 77 26 24743 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.5 272 4 620.4 620.4 321.5 620.4 0.01 78 20 26430 -50.9 -85.9 1 35.0 -54.1 20 9 680.4 680.4 323.8 680.5 0.01 79 18 27119 -49.9 -85.9 1 36.0 -53.7 13 8 704.3 704.3 324.6 704.4 0.01 80 17 27495 -48.3 -85.3 1 37.0 -52.8 36 7 721.1 721.1 325.1 721.2 0.02 81 15 28321 -48.1 -85.1 1 37.0 -53.0 70 15 748.0 748.0 325.9 748.2 0.02 82 14 28775 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -53.9 120 11 759.5 759.6 326.2 759.7 0.02 83 13 29264 -47.5 -85.5 1 38.0 -53.1 188 11 781.4 781.4 326.8 781.5 0.02 84 11 30378 -43.7 -83.7 0 40.0 -51.7 168 9 833.4 833.4 328.0 833.7 0.03 85 10 31020 -43.5 -83.5 0 40.0 -52.0 190 1 857.2 857.2 328.5 857.5 0.04 86 9.4 31437 -42.1 -83.1 0 41.0 -51.5 210 2 877.8 877.8 329.0 878.2 0.04 87 8.4 32194 -43.5 -83.5 0 40.0 -52.7 246 5 901.0 901.0 329.4 901.4 0.04 88 7.4 33050 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -52.3 287 8 943.2 943.2 330.2 943.9 0.06 89 7.0 33430 -37.5 -79.5 0 42.0 -51.0 305 9 974.0 974.1 330.8 975.2 0.10 90 6.5 33948 -31.9 -75.9 0 44.0 -49.4 1018.5 1018.7 331.5 1020.9 0.20 TRP 189 12240 -65.1 -73.1 32 8.0 -65.1 280 74 335.0 335.0 293.1 335.1 0.01 WND 274 9912 -51.9 -62.4 27 10.5 -52.1 300 78 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.6 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5543.00 m Freezing level: 731.49 mb = 2791.20 m = 9157.36 ft Wetbulb zero: 743.43 mb = 2659.87 m = 8726.49 ft Precipitable water: 0.86 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 64.29 % Est. max temperature: 23.57 C = 74.42 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 909.79 mb = 991.52 m = 3252.97 ft T: 15.08 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.26 C/km ThetaE index: 4.23 C Layer 768.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 774.11 mb = 2332.71 m = 7653.16 ft Mean mixing ratio: 6.28 g/kg Conv temperature: 23.97 C = 75.15 F Cap Strength: 2.65 C Lifted Index: 1.59 C Risk: Showers probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 4.19 C Lifted Index @700 mb: -0.05 C Showalter Index: 0.04 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 53.00 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 29.50 C Cross Totals Index: 23.50 C K Index: 33.50 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 230.80 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.57 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 27.35 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.40 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 145.85 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.65 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 809.47 mb = 1966.58 m = 6451.97 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 694.47 mb = 3203.81 m = 10511.07 ft Equ Level (EL): 654.47 mb = 3670.29 m = 12041.49 ft B at Equ Level: 24.94 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 614.47 mb = 4163.38 m = 13659.23 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 311 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 150 5 -2.5 4.3 | 135 27 -19.2 19.0 1 951 610 235 18 14.7 10.3 | 176 25 -1.9 25.0 2 925 851 250 18 16.9 6.2 | 181 21 0.3 20.8 3 918 914 250 19 17.9 6.5 | 183 21 1.2 21.2 4 885 1219 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 198 20 6.0 18.7 5 854 1524 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 200 20 7.0 18.9 6 850 1564 260 24 23.6 4.2 | 200 20 7.0 18.9 7 823 1829 270 24 24.0 -0.0 | 207 16 7.3 14.7 8 792 2134 275 23 22.9 -2.0 | 206 14 6.3 12.7 9 763 2438 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 212 10 5.6 8.7 10 735 2743 295 26 23.6 -11.0 | 242 8 6.9 3.7 11 700 3141 295 28 25.4 -11.8 | 252 9 8.7 2.9 12 655 3658 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 246 16 14.3 6.4 13 605 4267 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 231 15 11.9 9.7 14 581 4572 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 217 15 9.2 12.4 15 559 4877 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 234 20 16.2 11.8 16 500 5730 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 283 29 28.7 -6.4 17 475 6096 295 53 48.0 -22.4 | 284 32 31.4 -7.7 18 402 7315 290 46 43.2 -15.7 | 272 27 26.6 -1.0 19 400 7350 290 47 44.2 -16.1 | 273 28 27.5 -1.4 20 385 7620 295 49 44.4 -20.7 | 282 28 27.8 -6.0 21 336 8534 290 48 45.1 -16.4 | 273 28 28.4 -1.7 22 308 9144 300 60 52.0 -30.0 | 293 38 35.3 -15.3 23 300 9320 305 60 49.1 -34.4 | 301 38 32.5 -19.7 24 274 9912 300 78 67.5 -39.0 | 296 56 50.9 -24.3 25 268 10058 300 78 67.5 -39.0 | 296 56 50.9 -24.3 26 250 10500 295 69 62.5 -29.2 | 288 48 45.9 -14.5 27 210 11582 280 61 60.1 -10.6 | 265 44 43.4 4.1 28 200 11890 275 66 65.7 -5.8 | 260 50 49.1 8.9 29 189 12240 280 74 72.9 -12.8 | 268 56 56.2 1.8 30 181 12497 280 75 73.9 -13.0 | 268 57 57.2 1.7 31 164 13106 285 45 43.5 -11.6 | 264 27 26.8 3.0 32 150 13680 280 46 45.3 -8.0 | 257 29 28.6 6.7 33 142 14021 285 48 46.4 -12.4 | 266 30 29.7 2.3 34 135 14326 305 34 27.9 -19.5 | 293 12 11.2 -4.8 35 129 14630 280 29 28.6 -5.0 | 231 15 11.9 9.7 36 117 15240 270 41 41.0 -0.0 | 239 28 24.3 14.7 37 106 15850 285 47 45.4 -12.2 | 265 29 28.7 2.5 38 101 16154 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 267 13 13.2 0.7 39 100 16210 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 190 10 1.7 9.8 40 96 16459 285 19 18.4 -4.9 | 190 10 1.7 9.8 41 83 17374 265 26 25.9 2.3 | 209 19 9.2 17.0 42 75 17983 295 23 20.8 -9.7 | 220 6 4.2 5.0 43 72 18288 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 247 8 7.8 3.3 44 70 18450 305 27 22.1 -15.5 | 278 6 5.5 -0.8 45 65 18898 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 236 3 2.2 1.5 46 62 19202 280 17 16.7 -3.0 | 180 12 0.1 11.7 47 59 19507 320 21 13.5 -16.1 | 66 3 -3.2 -1.4 48 54 20117 340 14 4.8 -13.2 | 97 12 -11.9 1.5 49 50 20570 290 15 14.1 -5.1 | 165 10 -2.6 9.6 50 49 20726 295 14 12.7 -5.9 | 156 10 -4.0 8.8 51 47 21031 290 14 13.2 -4.8 | 161 11 -3.5 9.9 52 44 21336 5 8 -0.7 -8.0 | 111 19 -17.4 6.7 53 30 23830 200 6 2.1 5.6 | 144 25 -14.6 20.3 54 28 24384 245 5 4.5 2.1 | 144 21 -12.1 16.8 55 22 25908 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 131 22 -16.7 14.7 56 20 26430 20 9 -3.1 -8.5 | 108 21 -19.7 6.2 57 19 26822 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 105 18 -17.5 4.7 58 17 27432 20 6 -2.1 -5.6 | 116 21 -18.7 9.1 59 16 27737 85 10 -10.0 -0.9 | 117 30 -26.6 13.8 60 16 28042 65 17 -15.4 -7.2 | 103 33 -32.1 7.5 61 15 28346 70 15 -14.1 -5.1 | 107 32 -30.8 9.6 62 14 28651 60 11 -9.5 -5.5 | 109 28 -26.2 9.2 63 14 28956 190 10 1.7 9.8 | 149 29 -14.9 24.5 64 13 29261 195 10 2.6 9.7 | 150 28 -14.1 24.3 65 12 29566 100 18 -17.7 3.1 | 117 39 -34.4 17.8 66 12 29870 105 17 -16.4 4.4 | 120 38 -33.1 19.1 67 11 30175 160 12 -4.1 11.3 | 141 33 -20.8 26.0 68 10 31020 190 1 0.2 1.0 | 134 23 -16.5 15.7 69 7 33430 305 9 7.4 -5.2 | 136 13 -9.3 9.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 281.4 at 29.6 knts Storm direction: 311.4 at 22.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.1 neg: 0.5 tot: 5.6 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 116.3 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 226.4 neg: -0.4 tot: 226.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 75.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.74 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.8 stream: 6.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.04 Bulk Rich Number: 0.34 Bulk Shear: 80.72 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 226 13 163 25| 19.4 0.0 19.4|154.4 0.0 154.4 308.8 0.89| 24.2 21.6 1000 243 16 175 22| 12.9 0.0 12.9|193.6 0.0 193.6 193.6 0.88| 16.5 14.5 1500 251 19 183 21| 9.1 0.0 9.1|204.4 0.0 204.4 136.3 0.85| 12.2 10.4 2000 258 20 189 19| 6.8 0.0 6.8|209.5 -0.3 209.2 104.6 0.77| 10.5 8.1 2500 264 21 194 17| 6.2 0.0 6.2|222.3 -0.3 222.0 88.8 0.75| 9.9 7.5 3000 271 22 200 15| 5.1 0.5 5.6|226.4 -0.4 226.1 75.4 0.74| 8.8 6.6 4000 276 24 211 14| 3.8 1.0 4.8|226.4 -19.4 207.0 51.8 0.55| 7.8 4.3 5000 277 26 217 15| 4.3 1.0 5.3|292.4 -33.5 259.0 51.8 0.54| 8.1 4.4 6000 281 30 234 15| 4.6 0.9 5.5|381.0 -37.6 343.4 57.2 0.57| 8.3 4.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250424.12.gif