UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042400.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 24 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 24 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 187 25 10 SFC 996 215 16.6 5.6 48 11.0 10.6 25 10 290.1 291.1 284.0 306.5 5.73 2 988 284 17.0 5.0 45 12.0 10.5 42 9 291.2 292.1 284.2 307.1 5.53 3 973 416 15.8 4.8 48 11.0 9.9 76 6 291.2 292.2 284.2 307.2 5.54 4 953 594 15.6 3.6 45 12.0 9.3 121 3 292.8 293.7 284.5 307.8 5.20 5 952 602 15.6 3.6 45 12.0 9.3 123 3 292.8 293.8 284.5 307.9 5.20 6 929 811 14.2 2.2 44 12.0 8.0 222 6 293.5 294.3 284.4 307.5 4.82 7 925 848 14.0 2.0 44 12.0 7.9 240 7 293.6 294.5 284.4 307.6 4.78 8 884 1229 10.8 2.8 58 8.0 6.6 255 17 294.1 295.1 285.2 309.6 5.30 9 857 1487 8.8 5.7 81 3.1 7.1 246 19 294.7 295.9 286.8 314.1 6.71 10 850 1555 8.2 5.8 85 2.4 6.9 245 19 294.7 296.0 286.9 314.5 6.81 11 824 1811 6.0 5.9 99 0.1 5.9 268 18 295.0 296.3 287.3 315.6 7.08 12 821 1841 5.8 5.8 100 0.0 5.8 270 18 295.1 296.4 287.3 315.6 7.06 13 800 2052 4.4 4.1 98 0.3 4.2 277 18 295.8 297.0 286.9 314.6 6.43 14 787 2186 4.0 0.5 78 3.5 2.3 279 18 296.8 297.7 285.9 311.7 5.04 15 780 2258 3.4 2.9 97 0.5 3.1 278 18 296.9 298.0 287.0 314.7 6.05 16 777 2290 3.2 0.0 79 3.2 1.7 278 18 297.0 297.9 285.9 311.6 4.92 17 769 2374 2.8 -5.2 56 8.0 -0.7 276 19 297.5 298.1 284.4 307.6 3.37 18 753 2544 1.8 -12.2 35 14.0 -3.3 270 19 298.2 298.5 283.1 304.3 1.99 19 717 2937 -1.1 -16.1 31 15.0 -6.0 272 20 299.2 299.5 283.0 304.0 1.52 20 708 3038 -2.1 -14.1 39 12.0 -6.2 279 21 299.2 299.5 283.3 304.8 1.81 21 700 3128 -2.7 -18.7 28 16.0 -7.5 285 22 299.5 299.7 282.8 303.5 1.25 22 699 3139 -2.7 -18.7 28 16.0 -7.5 285 22 299.6 299.8 282.8 303.6 1.25 23 680 3357 -4.7 -14.7 45 10.0 -7.9 290 21 299.8 300.1 283.5 305.4 1.80 24 668 3497 -5.5 -16.5 42 11.0 -8.9 288 24 300.4 300.7 283.5 305.4 1.57 25 666 3521 -5.3 -20.3 30 15.0 -9.5 287 24 300.9 301.1 283.2 304.5 1.14 26 663 3556 -4.7 -21.7 25 17.0 -9.4 287 25 301.9 302.1 283.5 305.2 1.02 27 658 3616 -4.5 -22.5 23 18.0 -9.4 286 26 302.8 303.0 283.8 305.9 0.95 28 635 3895 -6.7 -22.7 27 16.0 -10.9 278 28 303.4 303.6 284.0 306.6 0.97 29 628 3982 -7.5 -19.5 38 12.0 -10.9 275 28 303.5 303.7 284.4 307.6 1.30 30 619 4094 -7.7 -21.7 32 14.0 -11.5 275 27 304.5 304.7 284.6 308.0 1.09 31 616 4132 -7.5 -22.5 29 15.0 -11.5 275 26 305.1 305.3 284.7 308.5 1.02 32 600 4336 -9.1 -25.1 26 16.0 -13.0 273 23 305.6 305.7 284.7 308.3 0.83 33 582 4571 -11.3 -26.3 28 15.0 -14.7 266 20 305.7 305.8 284.7 308.2 0.77 34 576 4651 -11.7 -29.7 21 18.0 -15.4 265 21 306.1 306.2 284.6 308.0 0.57 35 561 4852 -13.3 -27.3 30 14.0 -16.3 265 23 306.6 306.7 284.9 309.0 0.73 36 554 4948 -14.1 -28.1 30 14.0 -17.0 265 25 306.7 306.8 284.9 309.0 0.68 37 548 5031 -14.3 -38.3 11 24.0 -18.0 264 26 307.4 307.5 284.7 308.3 0.26 38 528 5312 -16.5 -37.5 14 21.0 -19.7 262 32 308.1 308.1 284.9 309.1 0.29 39 518 5455 -17.5 -32.5 26 15.0 -20.1 262 34 308.6 308.7 285.4 310.2 0.48 40 516 5484 -17.7 -27.7 41 10.0 -19.7 261 35 308.7 308.8 285.8 311.2 0.76 41 515 5499 -17.7 -29.7 34 12.0 -20.0 261 35 308.8 309.0 285.7 311.0 0.63 42 511 5557 -17.9 -26.9 45 9.0 -19.8 261 36 309.3 309.4 286.1 312.1 0.83 43 509 5587 -18.1 -29.1 38 11.0 -20.2 261 37 309.4 309.5 285.9 311.7 0.68 44 508 5601 -17.9 -25.9 50 8.0 -19.6 261 37 309.8 310.0 286.4 312.9 0.91 45 500 5720 -18.7 -25.7 54 7.0 -20.2 260 39 310.2 310.4 286.5 313.4 0.94 46 498 5750 -18.9 -25.9 54 7.0 -20.4 260 40 310.4 310.5 286.5 313.5 0.93 47 468 6209 -23.1 -27.1 70 4.0 -23.9 263 46 310.7 310.9 286.6 313.7 0.89 48 463 6287 -23.7 -26.1 81 2.4 -24.2 266 46 310.9 311.1 286.8 314.2 0.98 49 462 6303 -23.5 -25.6 83 2.1 -23.9 266 46 311.3 311.5 287.0 314.8 1.03 50 461 6319 -23.5 -26.0 80 2.5 -24.0 267 46 311.5 311.7 287.1 314.9 1.00 51 449 6511 -24.7 -28.1 73 3.4 -25.3 273 47 312.4 312.5 287.2 315.3 0.84 52 414 7095 -29.7 -30.7 91 1.0 -29.9 280 47 313.3 313.4 287.3 315.8 0.72 53 405 7252 -30.7 -32.5 84 1.8 -30.9 280 47 314.0 314.1 287.5 316.1 0.62 54 403 7287 -30.5 -35.5 62 5.0 -31.1 280 47 314.7 314.8 287.5 316.3 0.46 55 400 7340 -30.9 -35.5 64 4.6 -31.4 280 47 314.8 314.9 287.6 316.5 0.46 56 300 9310 -46.3 -64.3 11 18.0 -46.7 265 52 320.1 320.1 288.8 320.2 0.02 57 250 10490 -56.9 -63.9 41 7.0 -57.0 275 43 321.5 321.5 289.2 321.6 0.03 58 203 11779 -64.3 -70.3 44 6.0 -64.4 265 46 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.6 0.01 59 200 11870 -63.9 -70.9 38 7.0 -64.0 265 51 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.01 60 181 12490 -62.0 -75.5 15 13.6 -62.1 270 66 344.3 344.3 295.4 344.4 0.01 61 150 13670 -58.3 -84.3 2 26.0 -58.5 275 31 369.6 369.6 300.5 369.6 0.00 62 100 16210 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.3 290 30 415.9 415.9 307.2 415.9 0.00 63 91 16801 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 273 28 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 64 82 17449 -60.5 -88.5 1 28.0 -60.9 293 24 434.8 434.8 309.3 434.8 0.00 65 80 17604 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.8 280 23 444.5 444.5 310.3 444.5 0.00 66 77 17846 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -56.9 289 19 451.5 451.5 311.0 451.5 0.00 67 70 18450 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -58.8 240 16 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.7 0.00 68 67 18724 -58.5 -88.5 1 30.0 -59.0 245 16 465.0 465.0 312.2 465.0 0.00 69 64 19012 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.4 253 22 475.1 475.1 313.1 475.1 0.00 70 59 19527 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.1 308 13 487.2 487.2 314.0 487.2 0.00 71 56 19855 -58.1 -88.1 1 30.0 -58.7 276 6 490.4 490.4 314.2 490.4 0.00 72 54 20084 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -58.4 258 12 496.5 496.5 314.7 496.5 0.00 73 54 20084 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -56.8 258 12 500.6 500.6 315.0 500.6 0.00 74 51 20445 -57.7 -88.7 1 31.0 -58.5 253 12 504.6 504.6 315.3 504.7 0.00 75 50 20570 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -56.8 295 15 511.7 511.7 315.8 511.8 0.00 76 44 21388 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -54.3 297 9 538.1 538.1 317.4 538.2 0.01 77 33 23230 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -56.9 207 10 577.4 577.4 319.5 577.4 0.01 78 30 23840 -53.5 -87.5 1 34.0 -55.4 310 2 598.8 598.8 320.6 598.8 0.01 79 23 25562 -50.7 -86.7 1 36.0 -53.7 11 9 654.3 654.3 322.9 654.4 0.01 80 21 26152 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.2 24 11 666.1 666.1 323.3 666.2 0.01 81 20 26470 -49.5 -86.5 1 37.0 -53.1 35 9 684.7 684.7 323.9 684.7 0.01 82 18 27160 -49.1 -86.1 1 37.0 -53.1 82 8 706.9 706.9 324.7 707.0 0.01 83 17 27536 -47.7 -85.7 0 38.0 -52.4 121 6 723.0 723.0 325.1 723.1 0.01 84 17 27536 -47.5 -85.5 1 38.0 -52.2 121 6 723.6 723.7 325.1 723.8 0.02 85 17 27536 -47.5 -85.5 1 38.0 -52.2 121 6 723.6 723.7 325.1 723.8 0.02 86 16 27934 -48.9 -85.9 1 37.0 -53.4 144 4 731.7 731.7 325.4 731.9 0.02 87 14 28816 -46.3 -85.3 0 39.0 -52.2 283 4 769.0 769.0 326.4 769.2 0.02 88 11 30414 -47.1 -85.1 1 38.0 -53.5 257 10 821.0 821.1 327.7 821.3 0.03 89 10 31050 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -51.7 275 10 859.4 859.4 328.6 859.8 0.04 90 10 31050 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -51.7 275 10 859.4 859.4 328.6 859.8 0.04 91 9.5 31395 -43.7 -83.7 0 40.0 -52.3 250 9 869.1 869.1 328.8 869.4 0.04 92 8.1 32478 -39.1 -81.1 0 42.0 -51.0 172 6 927.9 927.9 329.9 928.6 0.07 93 7.1 33382 -38.5 -80.5 0 42.0 -51.4 107 4 966.0 966.0 330.7 966.9 0.09 94 7.0 33480 -37.9 -79.9 0 42.0 -51.2 100 4 972.4 972.4 330.7 973.5 0.10 95 6.4 34103 -33.7 -77.7 0 44.0 -50.1 1015.4 1015.5 331.4 1017.2 0.15 96 5.8 34792 -34.5 -77.5 0 43.0 -51.0 1040.9 1041.0 331.8 1043.0 0.17 TRP 203 11779 -64.3 -70.3 44 6.0 -64.4 265 46 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.6 0.01 WND 181 12490 -62.0 -75.5 15 13.6 -62.1 270 66 344.3 344.3 295.4 344.4 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5533.00 m Freezing level: 730.66 mb = 2787.76 m = 9146.08 ft Wetbulb zero: 771.26 mb = 2349.74 m = 7709.04 ft Precipitable water: 0.69 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 44.35 % Est. max temperature: 21.30 C = 70.33 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 844.50 mb = 1608.44 m = 5276.95 ft T: 7.74 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.17 C/km ThetaE index: 10.72 C Layer 777.0- 708.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 727.83 mb = 2816.61 m = 9240.73 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.18 g/kg Conv temperature: 25.40 C = 77.72 F Cap Strength: 4.93 C Lifted Index: 5.07 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 8.99 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.55 C Showalter Index: 0.85 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 51.40 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 26.90 C Cross Totals Index: 24.50 C K Index: 16.70 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 251.95 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.26 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 15.27 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.53 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 80698.73 J/kg Cap Strength: 4.96 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 795.94 mb = 2093.77 m = 6869.24 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 298 at 17 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 996 215 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 87 19 -19.2 -1.1 1 951 610 125 3 -2.5 1.7 | 119 20 -17.5 9.7 2 925 848 240 7 6.1 3.5 | 142 15 -9.0 11.5 3 918 914 250 9 8.5 3.1 | 149 13 -6.6 11.1 4 885 1219 255 17 16.4 4.4 | 186 12 1.4 12.4 5 853 1524 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 188 16 2.2 16.0 6 850 1555 245 19 17.2 8.0 | 188 16 2.2 16.0 7 822 1829 270 18 18.0 -0.0 | 200 9 3.0 8.0 8 791 2134 280 18 17.7 -3.1 | 209 6 2.7 4.9 9 762 2438 275 19 18.9 -1.7 | 212 7 3.9 6.3 10 734 2743 260 18 17.7 3.1 | 194 11 2.7 11.1 11 700 3128 285 22 21.3 -5.7 | 250 7 6.2 2.3 12 680 3353 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 260 5 4.7 0.8 13 653 3658 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 265 11 11.1 1.0 14 628 3962 275 28 27.9 -2.4 | 247 14 12.9 5.5 15 604 4267 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 236 11 8.9 5.9 16 580 4572 265 20 19.9 1.7 | 207 11 4.9 9.7 17 558 4877 265 24 23.9 2.1 | 221 13 8.9 10.1 18 500 5720 260 39 38.4 6.8 | 238 28 23.4 14.8 19 475 6096 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 242 34 30.3 16.0 20 437 6706 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 270 31 31.3 -0.2 21 400 7340 280 47 46.3 -8.2 | 270 31 31.3 -0.2 22 384 7620 275 46 45.8 -4.0 | 263 31 30.8 4.0 23 307 9144 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 259 42 41.0 8.0 24 300 9310 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 251 39 36.8 12.5 25 280 9754 260 47 46.3 8.2 | 243 35 31.3 16.1 26 250 10490 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 261 28 27.8 4.2 27 231 10973 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 269 27 27.3 0.5 28 210 11582 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 254 28 27.0 8.0 29 203 11779 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 249 33 30.8 12.0 30 200 11870 265 51 50.8 4.4 | 251 38 35.8 12.4 31 190 12192 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 252 43 40.8 12.9 32 181 12490 270 66 66.0 -0.0 | 261 52 51.0 8.0 33 172 12802 270 66 66.0 -0.0 | 261 52 51.0 8.0 34 164 13106 285 60 58.0 -15.5 | 280 44 42.9 -7.5 35 156 13411 295 48 43.5 -20.3 | 293 31 28.5 -12.3 36 150 13670 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 252 17 15.9 5.3 37 149 13716 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 250 16 14.9 5.4 38 135 14326 260 35 34.5 6.1 | 234 24 19.5 14.1 39 123 14935 275 29 28.9 -2.5 | 249 15 13.9 5.5 40 117 15240 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 238 15 13.0 8.0 41 111 15545 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 241 23 19.8 11.0 42 100 16210 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 280 13 13.2 -2.3 43 96 16459 290 30 28.2 -10.3 | 280 13 13.2 -2.3 44 87 17069 260 27 26.6 4.7 | 222 17 11.6 12.7 45 83 17374 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 304 8 6.6 -4.5 46 79 17678 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 229 9 6.9 6.1 47 75 17983 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 30 1 -0.3 -0.5 48 72 18288 275 11 11.0 -1.0 | 150 8 -4.1 7.0 49 70 18450 240 16 13.9 8.0 | 176 16 -1.2 16.0 50 68 18593 245 13 11.8 5.5 | 167 14 -3.2 13.5 51 65 18898 245 21 19.0 8.9 | 193 17 4.0 16.9 52 62 19202 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 218 13 7.9 10.0 53 59 19507 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 77 4 -4.3 -1.0 54 56 19812 280 5 4.9 -0.9 | 125 12 -10.1 7.1 55 54 20117 255 13 12.6 3.4 | 168 12 -2.5 11.3 56 51 20422 245 11 10.0 4.6 | 158 14 -5.0 12.6 57 50 20570 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 139 2 -1.4 1.6 58 49 20726 285 15 14.5 -3.9 | 173 4 -0.5 4.1 59 47 21031 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 102 8 -7.4 1.6 60 44 21336 290 9 8.5 -3.1 | 127 8 -6.6 4.9 61 42 21641 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 86 10 -10.0 -0.7 62 30 23774 165 10 -2.6 9.7 | 135 25 -17.6 17.6 63 30 23840 310 2 1.5 -1.3 | 116 15 -13.5 6.7 64 28 24384 355 6 0.5 -6.0 | 98 15 -14.5 2.0 65 26 24689 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 118 17 -15.0 8.0 66 22 25908 15 12 -3.1 -11.6 | 79 18 -18.1 -3.6 67 20 26470 35 9 -5.2 -7.4 | 92 20 -20.2 0.6 68 19 26822 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 91 21 -21.4 0.3 69 17 27432 115 7 -6.3 3.0 | 117 24 -21.4 10.9 70 16 28042 150 4 -2.0 3.5 | 124 21 -17.0 11.4 71 15 28346 145 16 -9.2 13.1 | 131 32 -24.2 21.1 72 14 28956 320 1 0.6 -0.8 | 117 16 -14.4 7.2 73 13 29566 140 10 -6.4 7.7 | 126 27 -21.4 15.6 74 12 29870 220 12 7.7 9.2 | 157 19 -7.3 17.2 75 11 30175 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 154 13 -5.6 11.4 76 10 31050 275 10 10.0 -0.9 | 145 9 -5.1 7.1 77 7 33480 100 4 -3.9 0.7 | 115 21 -19.0 8.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 268.0 at 22.7 knts Storm direction: 298.0 at 17.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.3 neg: 0.9 tot: 5.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 166.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 168.3 neg: -6.4 tot: 161.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 54.0 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.61 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.1 stream: 6.8 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.15 Bulk Shear: 101.93 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 53 6 103 20| 14.8 0.0 14.8| 86.5 0.0 86.5 173.0 0.92| 17.4 16.1 1000 261 8 143 12| 12.6 0.0 12.6|136.9 0.0 136.9 136.9 0.86| 17.5 15.0 1500 253 12 161 12| 8.8 0.0 8.8|145.1 0.0 145.1 96.7 0.74| 14.5 10.8 2000 262 13 169 10| 6.0 0.0 6.0|149.7 0.0 149.7 74.8 0.68| 12.6 8.6 2500 265 14 176 9| 4.8 1.1 5.9|150.0 -6.4 143.6 57.4 0.57| 11.3 6.4 3000 268 15 182 9| 4.3 0.9 5.3|168.3 -6.4 161.9 54.0 0.61| 11.1 6.8 4000 273 18 203 8| 3.2 1.3 4.6|170.2 -24.9 145.2 36.3 0.44| 10.2 4.5 5000 271 19 209 9| 2.6 1.8 4.4|190.5 -40.5 150.0 30.0 0.37| 9.7 3.6 6000 268 23 221 12| 2.8 2.2 5.0|251.1 -40.5 210.6 35.1 0.38| 9.7 3.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250424.00.gif