UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042312.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 23 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 23 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 194 90 6 SFC 997 215 5.0 0.9 75 4.1 3.2 90 6 278.4 279.1 276.5 289.7 4.09 2 979 366 7.2 -3.8 45 11.0 2.7 142 6 282.1 282.6 276.9 290.4 2.94 3 963 503 9.2 -3.8 40 13.0 3.7 189 7 285.4 285.9 278.6 294.0 2.99 4 952 599 9.2 -3.8 40 13.0 3.7 221 7 286.4 286.9 279.1 295.1 3.03 5 930 793 7.8 -3.2 46 11.0 3.1 241 7 286.8 287.4 279.6 296.2 3.24 6 925 838 7.6 -3.4 46 11.0 2.9 245 7 287.1 287.6 279.7 296.4 3.21 7 915 928 7.4 -2.6 49 10.0 3.0 271 8 287.8 288.4 280.3 297.7 3.45 8 903 1036 7.6 -4.4 42 12.0 2.5 282 11 289.1 289.6 280.4 298.0 3.05 9 876 1286 6.4 -1.6 57 8.0 2.8 300 18 290.3 291.0 282.0 301.6 3.88 10 867 1371 6.6 -3.4 49 10.0 2.2 300 20 291.4 292.0 282.0 301.5 3.43 11 858 1456 6.2 -3.8 49 10.0 1.8 300 22 291.9 292.5 282.1 301.7 3.36 12 853 1504 6.0 -2.0 56 8.0 2.4 300 23 292.1 292.8 282.8 303.5 3.87 13 850 1533 5.8 -0.2 65 6.0 2.9 300 24 292.2 293.0 283.4 305.1 4.43 14 848 1552 5.6 1.5 75 4.1 3.6 300 24 292.2 293.1 284.1 306.8 5.03 15 809 1936 2.6 0.8 88 1.8 1.7 302 26 293.0 293.9 284.4 307.6 5.01 16 784 2189 1.2 -0.5 88 1.7 0.4 305 31 294.1 295.0 284.5 307.9 4.70 17 767 2366 0.2 -3.3 77 3.5 -1.3 305 34 294.9 295.6 284.0 306.5 3.91 18 755 2492 -0.9 -2.7 88 1.8 -1.7 304 35 295.0 295.8 284.3 307.3 4.15 19 732 2738 -2.5 -4.6 85 2.1 -3.4 300 35 295.9 296.6 284.2 307.0 3.71 20 730 2760 -2.5 -5.1 82 2.6 -3.6 300 35 296.1 296.8 284.1 306.8 3.58 21 727 2793 -2.3 -3.9 89 1.6 -3.0 298 36 296.7 297.4 284.7 308.5 3.94 22 715 2925 -2.5 -5.1 82 2.6 -3.6 294 40 297.9 298.6 284.9 308.9 3.66 23 714 2936 -2.5 -5.6 79 3.1 -3.8 294 41 298.0 298.7 284.8 308.6 3.53 24 713 2947 -2.3 -7.0 70 4.7 -4.2 293 41 298.4 298.9 284.5 308.0 3.17 25 711 2970 -1.9 -11.9 46 10.0 -5.5 293 42 299.0 299.4 283.7 305.7 2.16 26 708 3004 -1.7 -13.7 39 12.0 -5.8 291 43 299.6 300.0 283.6 305.5 1.87 27 700 3094 -2.1 -13.1 43 11.0 -6.0 295 45 300.2 300.5 284.0 306.4 1.99 28 688 3231 -3.1 -10.1 58 7.0 -5.7 293 46 300.5 301.0 284.7 308.5 2.58 29 672 3417 -4.7 -10.7 63 6.0 -6.9 289 47 300.8 301.2 284.8 308.5 2.51 30 667 3476 -5.3 -8.6 78 3.3 -6.6 288 48 300.7 301.3 285.3 309.9 2.99 31 664 3511 -5.1 -9.4 72 4.3 -6.7 288 48 301.4 301.9 285.3 310.0 2.82 32 652 3655 -5.5 -12.5 58 7.0 -7.9 285 49 302.5 302.9 285.1 309.5 2.24 33 637 3837 -6.7 -11.5 69 4.8 -8.4 285 49 303.1 303.6 285.7 310.9 2.49 34 634 3874 -6.7 -13.7 57 7.0 -9.1 285 49 303.5 303.9 285.4 310.1 2.09 35 632 3899 -6.9 -11.9 67 5.0 -8.7 285 49 303.6 304.0 285.8 311.2 2.43 36 630 3924 -7.1 -16.1 49 9.0 -9.9 285 49 303.6 304.0 285.0 309.1 1.73 37 626 3973 -7.3 -13.3 62 6.0 -9.4 285 49 304.0 304.4 285.6 310.9 2.19 38 622 4023 -7.3 -16.3 49 9.0 -10.1 285 49 304.5 304.8 285.3 310.0 1.72 39 618 4074 -7.7 -18.7 41 11.0 -10.9 285 49 304.6 304.9 285.0 309.2 1.41 40 596 4355 -9.5 -17.5 52 8.0 -11.9 283 49 305.7 306.0 285.7 310.9 1.62 41 587 4472 -10.1 -19.1 48 9.0 -12.7 280 50 306.3 306.6 285.7 311.0 1.44 42 586 4486 -9.9 -20.9 40 11.0 -12.9 280 50 306.7 307.0 285.6 310.8 1.23 43 555 4903 -12.9 -21.9 47 9.0 -15.2 270 53 308.0 308.2 286.0 311.9 1.19 44 532 5225 -15.3 -25.3 42 10.0 -17.6 267 49 308.9 309.0 286.0 311.9 0.92 45 513 5498 -17.9 -23.9 59 6.0 -19.3 265 46 308.9 309.1 286.2 312.5 1.08 46 509 5557 -18.3 -25.3 54 7.0 -19.8 267 48 309.1 309.3 286.2 312.4 0.96 47 500 5690 -19.3 -30.3 37 11.0 -21.3 270 51 309.5 309.6 285.9 311.6 0.62 48 497 5735 -19.7 -32.7 31 13.0 -21.9 270 51 309.6 309.6 285.8 311.3 0.49 49 489 5855 -20.5 -32.5 33 12.0 -22.5 270 53 310.0 310.1 285.9 311.8 0.51 50 487 5886 -20.7 -30.7 40 10.0 -22.5 270 53 310.1 310.2 286.1 312.2 0.61 51 477 6039 -22.1 -33.1 36 11.0 -23.8 270 54 310.2 310.3 286.0 312.0 0.49 52 471 6132 -22.9 -33.9 36 11.0 -24.6 270 55 310.4 310.5 286.0 312.0 0.46 53 467 6194 -23.5 -31.5 48 8.0 -24.8 270 55 310.4 310.5 286.2 312.4 0.59 54 465 6226 -23.5 -32.5 43 9.0 -24.9 270 55 310.8 310.9 286.2 312.6 0.54 55 400 7310 -31.5 -48.5 17 17.0 -32.8 270 58 314.0 314.1 286.9 314.5 0.12 56 300 9270 -46.5 -63.5 13 17.0 -46.9 260 67 319.8 319.8 288.7 319.9 0.02 57 250 10460 -54.9 -64.9 28 10.0 -55.1 260 76 324.4 324.5 290.1 324.5 0.02 58 207 11648 -61.8 -70.1 32 8.3 -61.9 260 78 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.01 59 200 11860 -63.1 -71.1 33 8.0 -63.1 260 76 332.8 332.8 292.5 332.9 0.01 60 197 11953 -63.5 -71.5 33 8.0 -63.6 265 75 333.6 333.6 292.7 333.7 0.01 61 150 13650 -59.1 -84.1 3 25.0 -59.3 260 45 368.3 368.3 300.2 368.3 0.00 62 100 16200 -58.7 -86.7 2 28.0 -59.0 270 25 414.3 414.3 307.0 414.3 0.00 63 91 16788 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.4 255 31 420.9 420.9 307.8 420.9 0.00 64 86 17141 -58.9 -86.9 2 28.0 -59.3 261 22 432.2 432.2 309.1 432.2 0.00 65 80 17593 -60.3 -87.3 2 27.0 -60.7 236 20 438.3 438.3 309.7 438.3 0.00 66 75 17996 -58.5 -86.5 2 28.0 -59.0 236 23 450.3 450.3 310.9 450.3 0.00 67 73 18166 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.6 241 23 452.5 452.5 311.1 452.5 0.00 68 70 18430 -57.3 -86.3 1 29.0 -57.9 235 15 461.8 461.8 312.0 461.8 0.00 69 67 18707 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 231 14 465.5 465.5 312.3 465.5 0.00 70 53 20190 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.9 259 14 502.8 502.8 315.1 502.8 0.00 71 50 20560 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 245 7 508.9 508.9 315.6 508.9 0.00 72 49 20688 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.1 251 8 511.4 511.4 315.7 511.4 0.00 73 45 21229 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.4 275 10 528.9 528.9 316.9 528.9 0.01 74 41 21821 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.5 315 10 540.1 540.1 317.5 540.2 0.01 75 39 22139 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.7 341 10 550.4 550.4 318.1 550.5 0.01 76 36 22647 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.5 23 10 558.0 558.0 318.5 558.0 0.01 77 33 23201 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.1 88 10 580.0 580.0 319.7 580.1 0.01 78 30 23810 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -57.0 55 8 593.3 593.3 320.3 593.4 0.01 79 26 24728 -53.1 -86.1 1 33.0 -55.2 80 12 624.9 624.9 321.7 625.0 0.01 80 24 25243 -54.1 -86.1 1 32.0 -56.2 80 11 636.5 636.5 322.2 636.6 0.01 81 22 25803 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -55.1 80 10 657.3 657.3 323.0 657.4 0.01 82 21 26103 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -55.5 80 10 664.9 664.9 323.2 665.0 0.01 83 20 26420 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -53.8 105 15 681.6 681.6 323.8 681.7 0.02 84 18 27111 -48.9 -83.9 1 35.0 -53.0 114 14 707.5 707.5 324.7 707.6 0.02 85 16 27883 -50.9 -84.9 1 34.0 -54.6 97 15 725.2 725.2 325.2 725.4 0.02 86 15 28306 -49.1 -84.1 1 35.0 -53.7 112 15 744.7 744.7 325.8 744.9 0.02 87 13 29245 -50.1 -85.1 1 35.0 -54.7 155 10 772.4 772.4 326.5 772.5 0.02 88 12 29769 -49.9 -84.9 1 35.0 -54.8 201 12 790.9 791.0 327.0 791.2 0.02 89 11 30342 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -53.4 127 10 821.8 821.8 327.8 822.1 0.03 90 10 30980 -43.1 -82.1 1 39.0 -51.7 80 8 858.7 858.7 328.6 859.1 0.05 91 9.4 31397 -43.3 -82.3 1 39.0 -52.1 873.2 873.3 328.9 873.7 0.05 92 7.9 32577 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -51.1 933.7 933.8 330.1 934.4 0.07 TRP 197 11953 -63.5 -71.5 33 8.0 -63.6 265 75 333.6 333.6 292.7 333.7 0.01 WND 207 11648 -61.8 -70.1 32 8.3 -61.9 260 78 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5496.00 m Freezing level: 764.82 mb = 2388.47 m = 7836.10 ft Wetbulb zero: 780.28 mb = 2227.41 m = 7307.68 ft Precipitable water: 0.60 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 58.88 % Est. max temperature: 18.83 C = 65.89 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 935.95 mb = 740.14 m = 2428.25 ft T: 8.18 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.63 C/km ThetaE index: 3.43 C Layer 714.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 600.81 mb = 4292.44 m = 14082.64 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.20 g/kg Conv temperature: 32.06 C = 89.70 F Cap Strength: 13.63 C Lifted Index: 13.49 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.87 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 10.54 C Showalter Index: 6.17 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 44.20 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 25.10 C Cross Totals Index: 19.10 C K Index: 13.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 99.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 1.39 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 35.88 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 8.47 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 73735.80 J/kg Cap Strength: 13.58 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 799.08 mb = 2035.28 m = 6677.36 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 312 at 28 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 997 215 90 6 -6.0 0.0 | 125 33 -26.6 18.8 1 951 610 225 7 4.9 4.9 | 147 28 -15.6 23.8 2 925 838 245 7 6.3 3.0 | 147 26 -14.2 21.8 3 916 914 270 8 8.0 -0.0 | 146 23 -12.6 18.8 4 883 1219 300 16 13.9 -8.0 | 148 13 -6.7 10.8 5 850 1533 300 24 20.8 -12.0 | 182 7 0.2 6.8 6 819 1829 300 24 20.8 -12.0 | 182 7 0.2 6.8 7 789 2134 305 30 24.6 -17.2 | 248 4 4.0 1.6 8 759 2438 305 35 28.7 -20.1 | 279 8 8.1 -1.2 9 731 2743 300 35 30.3 -17.5 | 262 10 9.7 1.3 10 704 3048 290 44 41.3 -15.0 | 260 21 20.8 3.8 11 700 3094 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 270 20 20.2 -0.2 12 651 3658 285 49 47.3 -12.7 | 257 27 26.7 6.2 13 601 4267 285 49 47.3 -12.7 | 257 27 26.7 6.2 14 556 4877 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 240 37 32.4 18.8 15 513 5486 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 228 34 25.2 22.9 16 500 5690 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 238 36 30.4 18.8 17 473 6096 270 55 55.0 -0.0 | 241 39 34.4 18.8 18 400 7310 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 243 42 37.4 18.8 19 382 7620 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 244 44 39.4 18.8 20 334 8534 275 72 71.7 -6.3 | 256 53 51.1 12.6 21 306 9144 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 241 51 45.2 24.6 22 300 9270 260 67 66.0 11.6 | 236 55 45.4 30.5 23 292 9449 260 67 66.0 11.6 | 236 55 45.4 30.5 24 250 10460 260 76 74.8 13.2 | 239 63 54.3 32.0 25 207 11648 260 78 76.8 13.5 | 240 65 56.2 32.4 26 200 11860 260 76 74.8 13.2 | 239 63 54.3 32.0 27 199 11887 260 78 76.8 13.5 | 240 65 56.2 32.4 28 197 11953 265 75 74.7 6.5 | 245 60 54.1 25.4 29 181 12497 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 233 39 31.2 23.4 30 150 13650 260 45 44.3 7.8 | 222 36 23.7 26.7 31 148 13716 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 227 41 29.6 27.7 32 128 14630 265 25 24.9 2.2 | 192 21 4.3 21.0 33 116 15240 260 32 31.5 5.6 | 204 27 10.9 24.4 34 111 15545 255 33 31.9 8.5 | 202 30 11.3 27.4 35 106 15850 275 25 24.9 -2.2 | 195 17 4.3 16.7 36 101 16154 250 28 26.3 9.6 | 191 29 5.7 28.4 37 100 16200 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 193 19 4.4 18.8 38 96 16459 270 25 25.0 -0.0 | 193 19 4.4 18.8 39 91 16764 255 32 30.9 8.3 | 201 29 10.3 27.1 40 83 17374 265 16 15.9 1.4 | 167 21 -4.6 20.2 41 79 17678 225 21 14.8 14.8 | 170 34 -5.7 33.7 42 72 18288 245 24 21.8 10.1 | 182 29 1.2 29.0 43 70 18430 235 15 12.3 8.6 | 163 29 -8.3 27.4 44 68 18593 220 14 9.0 10.7 | 159 32 -11.6 29.6 45 65 18898 250 15 14.1 5.1 | 165 25 -6.5 24.0 46 62 19202 260 13 12.8 2.3 | 160 22 -7.8 21.1 47 59 19507 225 12 8.5 8.5 | 156 30 -12.1 27.3 48 56 19812 230 8 6.1 5.1 | 149 28 -14.5 24.0 49 54 20117 255 15 14.5 3.9 | 165 24 -6.1 22.7 50 51 20422 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 151 22 -10.6 18.8 51 50 20560 245 7 6.3 3.0 | 147 26 -14.2 21.8 52 44 21336 280 11 10.8 -1.9 | 150 20 -9.7 16.9 53 42 21641 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 139 18 -11.9 13.8 54 35 22860 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 112 29 -27.0 11.2 55 33 23165 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 122 36 -30.6 18.8 56 30 23810 55 8 -6.6 -4.6 | 118 31 -27.1 14.3 57 27 24384 80 12 -11.8 -2.1 | 117 36 -32.4 16.8 58 21 26213 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 119 35 -30.4 17.1 59 20 26420 105 15 -14.5 3.9 | 123 42 -35.1 22.7 60 20 26518 105 10 -9.7 2.6 | 125 37 -30.2 21.4 61 19 26822 95 10 -10.0 0.9 | 123 36 -30.5 19.7 62 18 27127 115 14 -12.7 5.9 | 127 41 -33.3 24.8 63 17 27432 100 13 -12.8 2.3 | 122 39 -33.4 21.1 64 16 27737 95 14 -13.9 1.2 | 120 40 -34.5 20.1 65 16 28042 100 17 -16.7 3.0 | 120 43 -37.3 21.8 66 13 29261 155 10 -4.2 9.1 | 138 37 -24.8 27.9 67 12 29566 190 14 2.4 13.8 | 151 37 -18.1 32.6 68 12 29870 205 11 4.6 10.0 | 151 33 -15.9 28.8 69 11 30175 140 10 -6.4 7.7 | 134 38 -27.0 26.5 70 10 30980 80 8 -7.9 -1.4 | 122 33 -28.5 17.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 282.5 at 37.2 knts Storm direction: 312.5 at 27.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.2 neg: 2.8 tot: 9.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 141.9 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 158.3 neg: -18.0 tot: 140.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 46.8 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.39 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.7 stream: 4.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.19 Bulk Shear: 187.74 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 194 7 143 32| 12.7 0.0 12.7|107.5 0.0 107.5 214.9 0.76| 16.7 12.8 1000 261 8 149 24| 11.0 0.0 11.0|115.6 -4.1 111.6 111.6 0.42| 15.9 6.7 1500 288 13 150 17| 10.1 0.0 10.1|128.3 -4.1 124.2 82.8 0.47| 13.4 6.3 2000 295 16 154 13| 9.4 0.0 9.4|137.1 -4.1 133.0 66.5 0.53| 12.1 6.5 2500 298 20 162 10| 7.5 0.9 8.4|140.2 -9.1 131.1 52.4 0.47| 10.9 5.1 3000 297 24 183 8| 6.2 2.8 9.1|158.3 -18.0 140.3 46.8 0.39| 11.7 4.5 4000 293 30 224 10| 4.7 2.9 7.6|158.3 -46.4 111.9 28.0 0.29| 9.7 2.8 5000 287 34 234 15| 3.7 3.2 6.9|158.3-169.2 -10.9 -2.2 0.09| 9.7 0.8 6000 282 37 236 19| 3.4 2.9 6.3|230.3-191.8 38.5 6.4 0.13| 9.1 1.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250423.12.gif