UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042300.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 23 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 23 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 164 245 18 SFC 993 215 10.0 1.0 54 9.0 5.8 245 18 283.7 284.4 279.3 295.4 4.14 2 985 283 8.4 0.4 57 8.0 4.8 246 20 282.8 283.5 278.6 294.0 3.99 3 969 420 7.2 0.2 61 7.0 4.0 248 24 282.9 283.6 278.7 294.1 4.00 4 958 515 8.0 -2.0 49 10.0 3.6 249 26 284.6 285.2 278.8 294.4 3.44 5 925 807 6.4 -0.6 61 7.0 3.2 255 25 285.9 286.5 280.1 297.1 3.95 6 904 995 5.6 -1.4 61 7.0 2.5 269 23 286.9 287.6 280.4 297.8 3.81 7 850 1495 1.2 -3.0 74 4.2 -0.6 290 25 287.4 288.0 280.4 297.8 3.60 8 839 1600 0.2 -3.5 76 3.7 -1.3 293 27 287.4 288.0 280.3 297.6 3.52 9 827 1715 -0.3 -5.3 69 5.0 -2.3 297 28 288.1 288.6 280.1 297.1 3.11 10 823 1754 1.2 -8.8 47 10.0 -2.5 298 29 290.1 290.5 280.1 297.1 2.38 11 813 1852 2.8 -14.2 27 17.0 -2.9 300 30 292.8 293.1 280.3 297.6 1.56 12 809 1892 2.8 -15.2 25 18.0 -3.1 300 31 293.2 293.5 280.3 297.6 1.45 13 789 2095 3.0 -36.0 4 39.0 -5.2 300 35 295.5 295.6 279.7 296.3 0.22 14 782 2167 3.2 -28.8 7 32.0 -4.7 299 36 296.5 296.6 280.4 298.0 0.45 15 779 2198 3.2 -15.8 23 19.0 -3.1 299 36 296.8 297.1 281.9 301.3 1.43 16 773 2261 3.4 -17.6 20 21.0 -3.4 298 36 297.7 297.9 282.0 301.6 1.24 17 761 2388 2.8 -15.2 25 18.0 -3.3 296 37 298.4 298.6 282.7 303.2 1.54 18 753 2473 2.8 -8.2 44 11.0 -1.7 295 37 299.3 299.8 284.4 307.6 2.73 19 744 2570 3.2 -12.8 30 16.0 -2.7 295 37 300.7 301.1 284.1 306.7 1.92 20 705 3004 0.0 -12.0 40 12.0 -4.4 283 38 301.9 302.3 284.8 308.6 2.16 21 700 3061 0.0 -11.0 43 11.0 -4.2 280 38 302.5 302.9 285.2 309.8 2.36 22 696 3107 0.0 -11.0 43 11.0 -4.2 279 38 303.0 303.4 285.5 310.4 2.37 23 669 3423 -2.1 -11.1 50 9.0 -5.5 274 39 304.1 304.5 285.9 311.7 2.45 24 665 3470 -2.3 -13.3 43 11.0 -6.2 273 39 304.4 304.8 285.7 310.9 2.06 25 618 4048 -6.7 -13.7 57 7.0 -9.1 271 42 305.8 306.2 286.2 312.6 2.15 26 608 4175 -7.7 -12.7 67 5.0 -9.5 273 41 306.0 306.5 286.6 313.5 2.37 27 590 4408 -9.3 -14.1 68 4.8 -10.9 275 41 306.8 307.2 286.6 313.8 2.18 28 565 4742 -10.9 -19.9 47 9.0 -13.5 275 41 308.8 309.0 286.5 313.3 1.39 29 560 4811 -11.5 -19.5 52 8.0 -13.8 275 41 308.8 309.1 286.6 313.6 1.46 30 555 4879 -12.1 -22.1 43 10.0 -14.7 275 41 308.9 309.1 286.3 312.8 1.17 31 545 5018 -12.5 -33.5 16 21.0 -16.4 275 41 310.1 310.1 285.9 311.5 0.41 32 537 5131 -13.5 -31.5 20 18.0 -17.0 275 41 310.2 310.3 286.0 312.0 0.51 33 532 5202 -14.3 -35.3 15 21.0 -17.9 275 42 310.1 310.1 285.8 311.3 0.36 34 520 5375 -15.7 -30.7 26 15.0 -18.6 275 42 310.4 310.5 286.2 312.4 0.57 35 519 5390 -15.9 -30.9 26 15.0 -18.8 275 42 310.3 310.4 286.1 312.3 0.56 36 516 5433 -16.1 -42.1 9 26.0 -19.7 275 42 310.6 310.6 285.8 311.3 0.18 37 513 5477 -16.3 -34.3 20 18.0 -19.4 275 42 310.9 311.0 286.1 312.3 0.41 38 510 5521 -16.7 -38.7 13 22.0 -20.0 274 43 310.9 311.0 286.0 311.9 0.26 39 507 5566 -16.9 -37.9 14 21.0 -20.1 273 44 311.2 311.2 286.1 312.2 0.29 40 503 5625 -17.3 -30.3 31 13.0 -19.8 271 46 311.4 311.5 286.6 313.5 0.61 41 500 5670 -17.7 -30.7 31 13.0 -20.1 270 47 311.5 311.6 286.6 313.5 0.59 42 499 5685 -17.9 -30.9 31 13.0 -20.3 270 47 311.4 311.5 286.5 313.4 0.58 43 494 5760 -18.3 -35.3 21 17.0 -21.1 271 47 311.8 311.9 286.4 313.2 0.38 44 490 5820 -18.9 -33.9 25 15.0 -21.4 272 47 311.8 311.9 286.5 313.3 0.44 45 487 5865 -19.3 -38.3 17 19.0 -22.1 272 47 311.8 311.9 286.4 312.9 0.29 46 485 5896 -19.3 -35.3 23 16.0 -21.8 273 48 312.2 312.3 286.6 313.6 0.39 47 483 5926 -19.7 -42.7 11 23.0 -22.6 273 48 312.1 312.1 286.3 312.8 0.18 48 476 6034 -20.5 -46.5 8 26.0 -23.4 274 48 312.4 312.4 286.4 312.9 0.12 49 475 6050 -20.7 -40.7 15 20.0 -23.3 274 48 312.3 312.4 286.5 313.2 0.23 50 466 6190 -21.9 -51.9 5 30.0 -24.6 276 48 312.6 312.6 286.4 312.8 0.07 51 456 6348 -23.1 -51.1 6 28.0 -25.6 279 49 313.0 313.0 286.5 313.3 0.08 52 451 6429 -23.7 -41.7 17 18.0 -25.8 280 49 313.2 313.3 286.8 314.0 0.22 53 448 6477 -24.1 -46.1 11 22.0 -26.3 279 50 313.3 313.4 286.7 313.9 0.14 54 445 6526 -24.5 -42.5 17 18.0 -26.5 277 50 313.4 313.5 286.8 314.2 0.20 55 400 7290 -30.1 -41.1 33 11.0 -31.2 260 58 315.9 315.9 287.7 316.8 0.26 56 300 9280 -43.9 -56.9 22 13.0 -44.4 260 77 323.5 323.5 289.9 323.7 0.06 57 250 10480 -52.3 -61.3 33 9.0 -52.5 255 86 328.3 328.3 291.3 328.5 0.04 58 201 11859 -63.1 -69.1 44 6.1 -63.1 250 92 332.4 332.4 292.4 332.5 0.02 59 200 11890 -63.3 -69.3 44 6.0 -63.4 250 92 332.5 332.5 292.4 332.6 0.02 60 193 12109 -64.7 -70.7 43 6.0 -64.7 255 85 333.7 333.7 292.7 333.7 0.01 61 150 13670 -59.3 -84.3 3 25.0 -59.5 255 43 367.9 367.9 300.2 367.9 0.00 62 100 16220 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.0 260 26 412.4 412.4 306.8 412.4 0.00 63 93 16675 -60.7 -86.7 2 26.0 -61.0 240 23 419.1 419.1 307.6 419.1 0.00 64 86 17165 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.7 211 19 431.4 431.4 309.0 431.4 0.00 65 84 17314 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -58.0 221 21 437.9 437.9 309.7 437.9 0.00 66 78 17781 -59.7 -86.7 2 27.0 -60.1 203 22 442.7 442.7 310.1 442.8 0.00 67 72 18284 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.7 215 16 453.8 453.9 311.2 453.9 0.00 68 70 18460 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.3 175 17 454.1 454.1 311.3 454.1 0.00 69 69 18549 -61.3 -87.3 2 26.0 -61.7 168 13 455.1 455.1 311.3 455.1 0.00 70 65 18918 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 176 16 462.5 462.5 312.0 462.5 0.00 71 60 19416 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.9 232 13 480.4 480.4 313.5 480.4 0.00 72 59 19521 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.5 250 12 481.3 481.3 313.5 481.4 0.00 73 54 20076 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.0 346 1 497.4 497.4 314.8 497.4 0.00 74 54 20076 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.0 346 1 497.4 497.4 314.8 497.4 0.00 75 51 20436 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.2 76 2 502.8 502.8 315.1 502.8 0.00 76 50 20560 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 105 3 508.9 508.9 315.6 508.9 0.00 77 46 21091 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -55.8 95 5 527.0 527.0 316.8 527.0 0.01 78 37 22478 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.8 116 9 555.7 555.7 318.4 555.7 0.01 79 35 22831 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.0 124 10 567.2 567.2 319.0 567.3 0.01 80 34 23017 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -55.2 119 10 577.7 577.7 319.6 577.8 0.01 81 30 23820 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -56.3 90 12 595.5 595.5 320.4 595.6 0.01 82 28 24259 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.9 102 11 605.7 605.7 320.9 605.8 0.01 83 20 26420 -51.1 -85.1 1 34.0 -54.3 110 10 679.8 679.8 323.7 679.9 0.01 84 18 27106 -52.3 -85.3 1 33.0 -55.4 67 10 696.8 696.8 324.3 696.9 0.02 85 17 27480 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -53.7 93 9 716.6 716.6 325.0 716.7 0.02 86 16 27878 -50.1 -84.1 1 34.0 -54.1 69 10 727.8 727.8 325.3 728.0 0.02 87 15 28304 -46.9 -82.9 1 36.0 -52.3 79 10 752.0 752.0 326.0 752.2 0.03 88 14 28760 -48.9 -83.9 1 35.0 -53.7 90 10 760.2 760.2 326.2 760.4 0.02 89 11 30354 -47.5 -83.5 1 36.0 -53.7 116 11 819.6 819.6 327.7 819.9 0.03 90 10 30990 -44.1 -82.1 1 38.0 -52.2 85 15 854.9 855.0 328.5 855.4 0.05 91 9.7 31194 -44.3 -82.3 1 38.0 -52.5 100 15 861.7 861.7 328.7 862.1 0.05 92 8.4 32162 -42.1 -81.1 1 39.0 -52.1 171 13 906.5 906.5 329.5 907.2 0.07 93 8.3 32243 -42.1 -82.1 0 40.0 -52.1 176 13 909.6 909.6 329.6 910.2 0.06 94 7.4 33027 -37.7 -79.7 0 42.0 -50.8 233 12 957.9 957.9 330.5 958.9 0.09 95 7.0 33410 -37.7 -79.7 0 42.0 -51.1 260 11 973.2 973.3 330.8 974.3 0.10 96 6.2 34246 -38.5 -80.5 0 42.0 -52.1 1004.1 1004.2 331.2 1005.3 0.10 97 5.7 34828 -34.9 -77.9 0 43.0 -51.2 1044.4 1044.5 331.9 1046.4 0.16 TRP 193 12109 -64.7 -70.7 43 6.0 -64.7 255 85 333.7 333.7 292.7 333.7 0.01 WND 201 11859 -63.1 -69.1 44 6.1 -63.1 250 92 332.4 332.4 292.4 332.5 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5506.00 m Freezing level: 834.20 mb = 1645.71 m = 5399.25 ft Freezing level: 826.20 mb = 1722.69 m = 5651.81 ft Freezing level: 696.00 mb = 3106.91 m = 10193.16 ft Wetbulb zero: 860.03 mb = 1399.76 m = 4592.32 ft Precipitable water: 0.48 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 45.23 % Est. max temperature: 13.69 C = 56.64 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 865.72 mb = 1346.30 m = 4416.95 ft T: 2.51 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.78 C/km ThetaE index: 1.39 C Layer 985.0- 969.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 621.40 mb = 4004.67 m = 13138.52 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.83 g/kg Conv temperature: 31.90 C = 89.42 F Cap Strength: 14.20 C Lifted Index: 14.21 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.65 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 11.87 C Showalter Index: 12.81 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 33.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 18.90 C Cross Totals Index: 14.70 C K Index: 4.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 97.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.40 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 18.54 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.09 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 59641.43 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.19 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 835.15 mb = 1636.36 m = 5368.58 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 307 at 27 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 993 215 245 18 16.3 7.6 | 167 25 -5.4 24.2 1 947 610 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 192 27 5.6 26.5 2 925 807 255 25 24.1 6.5 | 186 23 2.5 23.1 3 913 914 265 23 22.9 2.0 | 184 19 1.2 18.6 4 879 1219 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 180 13 -0.0 12.8 5 850 1495 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 193 8 1.8 8.0 6 816 1829 300 30 26.0 -15.0 | 250 5 4.3 1.6 7 785 2134 300 36 31.2 -18.0 | 278 10 9.5 -1.4 8 756 2438 295 37 33.5 -15.6 | 265 12 11.9 0.9 9 728 2743 295 37 33.5 -15.6 | 265 12 11.9 0.9 10 700 3061 280 38 37.4 -6.6 | 238 19 15.7 10.0 11 648 3658 270 40 40.0 -0.0 | 228 25 18.3 16.6 12 623 3962 270 42 42.0 -0.0 | 231 26 20.3 16.6 13 599 4267 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 236 23 19.2 13.0 14 554 4877 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 236 23 19.2 13.0 15 512 5486 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 237 24 20.2 12.9 16 500 5670 270 47 47.0 -0.0 | 237 30 25.3 16.6 17 472 6096 275 48 47.8 -4.2 | 245 29 26.1 12.4 18 452 6401 280 49 48.3 -8.5 | 253 28 26.6 8.1 19 400 7290 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 233 44 35.4 26.7 20 381 7620 255 60 58.0 15.5 | 228 48 36.3 32.1 21 306 9144 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 240 60 52.2 29.6 22 300 9280 260 77 75.8 13.4 | 241 62 54.1 30.0 23 250 10480 255 86 83.1 22.3 | 238 73 61.4 38.8 24 201 11859 250 92 86.5 31.5 | 233 81 64.8 48.1 25 200 11890 250 92 86.5 31.5 | 233 81 64.8 48.1 26 193 12109 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 237 72 60.4 38.6 27 190 12192 250 92 86.5 31.5 | 233 81 64.8 48.1 28 164 13106 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 241 46 40.1 22.0 29 156 13411 250 59 55.4 20.2 | 223 50 33.8 36.8 30 150 13670 255 43 41.5 11.1 | 216 34 19.9 27.7 31 149 13716 255 45 43.5 11.6 | 218 36 21.8 28.2 32 123 14935 255 35 33.8 9.1 | 205 28 12.1 25.6 33 117 15240 240 28 24.2 14.0 | 185 31 2.6 30.6 34 111 15545 255 28 27.0 7.2 | 193 24 5.4 23.8 35 101 16154 240 31 26.8 15.5 | 189 32 5.2 32.1 36 100 16220 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 191 21 3.9 21.1 37 96 16459 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 191 21 3.9 21.1 38 87 17069 205 17 7.2 15.4 | 156 35 -14.5 32.0 39 83 17374 225 22 15.6 15.6 | 169 33 -6.1 32.1 40 79 17678 200 23 7.9 21.6 | 160 41 -13.8 38.2 41 72 18288 215 16 9.2 13.1 | 157 32 -12.5 29.7 42 70 18460 175 17 -1.5 16.9 | 145 41 -23.2 33.5 43 69 18593 165 11 -2.8 10.6 | 138 37 -24.5 27.2 44 65 18898 175 16 -1.4 15.9 | 145 40 -23.1 32.5 45 62 19202 185 17 1.5 16.9 | 149 39 -20.2 33.5 46 59 19507 250 12 11.3 4.1 | 153 23 -10.4 20.7 47 56 19812 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 149 24 -12.6 20.8 48 54 20117 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 127 27 -21.7 16.6 49 50 20560 105 3 -2.9 0.8 | 125 30 -24.6 17.4 50 44 21336 90 6 -6.0 0.0 | 121 32 -27.7 16.6 51 35 22860 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 127 37 -29.9 22.3 52 30 23820 90 12 -12.0 0.0 | 116 38 -33.7 16.6 53 29 24079 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 114 34 -31.3 14.0 54 27 24384 120 12 -10.4 6.0 | 125 39 -32.1 22.6 55 23 25603 130 10 -7.7 6.4 | 128 37 -29.3 23.0 56 21 26213 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 122 40 -33.9 21.0 57 20 26420 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 123 37 -31.1 20.0 58 19 26822 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 123 37 -31.1 20.0 59 18 27127 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 112 33 -30.7 12.4 60 17 27432 100 9 -8.9 1.6 | 121 36 -30.5 18.1 61 16 27737 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 112 33 -30.7 12.4 62 11 30175 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 127 37 -29.9 22.3 63 10 30990 85 15 -14.9 -1.3 | 113 40 -36.6 15.3 64 7 33410 260 11 10.8 1.9 | 150 21 -10.8 18.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 277.4 at 36.4 knts Storm direction: 307.4 at 27.3 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.0 neg: 2.4 tot: 7.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 67.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 94.3 neg: -64.0 tot: 30.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 10.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.13 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.1 stream: 1.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.39 Bulk Shear: 47.58 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 249 24 182 25| 9.6 0.0 9.6| 73.7 -8.0 65.7 131.4 0.72| 13.9 10.0 1000 257 24 184 22| 6.5 0.0 6.5| 73.7 -24.4 49.3 49.3 0.25| 13.4 3.4 1500 268 24 188 18| 7.6 0.0 7.6| 86.0 -24.4 61.6 41.1 0.35| 12.3 4.2 2000 278 26 199 14| 7.6 0.0 7.6| 94.3 -25.7 68.6 34.3 0.39| 11.5 4.4 2500 283 28 211 12| 6.1 0.5 6.6| 94.3 -30.8 63.5 25.4 0.33| 9.7 3.2 3000 284 30 218 12| 5.0 2.4 7.4| 94.3 -64.0 30.3 10.1 0.13| 10.1 1.3 4000 280 33 224 15| 4.2 2.5 6.7|113.3 -78.8 34.5 8.6 0.11| 8.9 1.0 5000 279 34 227 17| 3.4 2.0 5.4|117.7 -78.8 39.0 7.8 0.12| 7.2 0.9 6000 277 36 230 19| 3.3 2.2 5.4|162.0 -79.6 82.4 13.7 0.17| 7.0 1.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250423.00.gif