UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042212.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 22 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 22 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 136 SFC 990 215 7.8 2.8 71 5.0 5.4 270 11 281.8 282.6 279.0 294.9 4.72 2 989 223 7.8 1.8 66 6.0 5.0 270 11 281.8 282.6 278.7 294.1 4.40 3 927 757 3.2 -1.2 73 4.4 1.3 266 33 282.4 283.1 278.2 293.0 3.77 4 925 775 3.2 -1.0 74 4.2 1.4 265 34 282.6 283.2 278.3 293.4 3.84 5 905 952 1.6 -0.2 88 1.8 0.8 259 30 282.7 283.4 278.8 294.4 4.16 6 858 1379 -1.3 -1.5 99 0.2 -1.4 250 37 284.0 284.7 279.2 295.3 3.99 7 850 1454 -0.3 -1.9 89 1.6 -1.0 250 38 285.8 286.5 280.0 297.0 3.91 8 844 1511 0.2 -4.8 69 5.0 -1.8 252 39 286.9 287.5 279.6 296.1 3.17 9 829 1655 2.0 -6.0 55 8.0 -1.2 258 40 290.3 290.8 280.9 299.0 2.94 10 823 1714 1.6 -6.4 55 8.0 -1.6 260 41 290.5 291.0 280.8 299.0 2.87 11 814 1802 2.6 -6.4 51 9.0 -1.0 264 42 292.5 293.0 281.8 301.1 2.91 12 794 2003 1.8 -7.2 51 9.0 -1.8 268 46 293.7 294.2 282.2 302.1 2.80 13 782 2126 2.8 -13.2 30 16.0 -2.9 270 49 296.1 296.4 282.0 301.5 1.77 14 779 2157 2.6 -13.4 30 16.0 -3.0 270 49 296.2 296.5 282.0 301.5 1.74 15 769 2262 2.2 -13.8 29 16.0 -3.4 270 49 296.8 297.1 282.3 302.1 1.71 16 765 2304 2.4 -28.6 8 31.0 -5.3 270 48 297.5 297.6 280.9 299.1 0.47 17 764 2314 2.4 -26.6 10 29.0 -5.1 270 48 297.6 297.7 281.1 299.5 0.57 18 762 2335 2.0 -14.0 29 16.0 -3.6 270 48 297.4 297.7 282.4 302.7 1.70 19 752 2442 1.4 -10.6 40 12.0 -3.1 270 48 297.9 298.3 283.3 304.8 2.26 20 728 2703 1.4 -17.6 23 19.0 -4.7 270 47 300.6 300.9 283.3 304.8 1.32 21 725 2736 1.0 -17.0 25 18.0 -4.9 270 47 300.6 300.8 283.4 305.0 1.39 22 723 2758 1.0 -22.0 16 23.0 -5.7 270 47 300.8 301.0 282.9 303.7 0.91 23 716 2837 0.8 -15.2 29 16.0 -4.7 272 48 301.4 301.7 284.0 306.6 1.64 24 706 2950 0.6 -17.4 25 18.0 -5.3 274 49 302.4 302.7 284.1 306.8 1.38 25 704 2972 0.6 -18.4 23 19.0 -5.5 274 49 302.7 302.9 284.1 306.7 1.27 26 700 3018 0.4 -18.6 22 19.0 -5.6 275 50 302.9 303.2 284.2 307.0 1.26 27 656 3534 -3.3 -24.3 18 21.0 -8.9 271 52 304.4 304.6 284.2 307.1 0.82 28 635 3791 -4.3 -36.3 6 32.0 -10.6 270 54 306.1 306.2 284.2 307.1 0.27 29 630 3853 -4.3 -41.3 4 37.0 -10.9 270 55 306.8 306.9 284.4 307.4 0.16 30 564 4713 -10.7 -46.7 3 36.0 -15.7 274 61 309.2 309.2 285.1 309.5 0.10 31 561 4754 -10.5 -48.5 3 38.0 -15.6 274 61 309.9 309.9 285.4 310.2 0.08 32 531 5175 -12.9 -48.9 3 36.0 -17.5 271 62 311.9 311.9 286.1 312.2 0.08 33 500 5630 -16.7 -51.7 3 35.0 -20.5 265 63 312.7 312.7 286.4 312.9 0.06 34 478 5967 -19.3 -54.3 3 35.0 -22.6 265 65 313.5 313.5 286.6 313.7 0.05 35 459 6269 -20.5 -58.5 2 38.0 -23.7 264 68 315.7 315.7 287.3 315.8 0.03 36 433 6700 -22.1 -60.1 2 38.0 -25.1 260 74 319.0 319.0 288.4 319.1 0.03 37 400 7280 -26.3 -51.3 8 25.0 -28.5 255 82 320.8 320.8 289.1 321.1 0.08 38 397 7334 -26.7 -49.7 10 23.0 -28.8 256 82 321.0 321.0 289.2 321.4 0.10 39 367 7893 -31.5 -47.5 19 16.0 -32.9 259 82 321.9 321.9 289.5 322.4 0.14 40 338 8466 -36.5 -54.5 14 18.0 -37.5 257 81 322.7 322.7 289.7 323.0 0.07 41 334 8548 -36.7 -56.7 11 20.0 -37.7 257 81 323.6 323.6 289.9 323.8 0.05 42 300 9280 -41.9 -61.9 10 20.0 -42.6 255 85 326.3 326.3 290.7 326.4 0.03 43 298 9326 -42.1 -62.1 10 20.0 -42.8 255 85 326.6 326.7 290.8 326.8 0.03 44 250 10500 -50.9 -64.9 17 14.0 -51.2 255 89 330.4 330.4 291.9 330.5 0.02 45 245 10631 -51.9 -65.4 18 13.5 -52.2 255 89 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.9 0.02 46 215 11461 -58.5 -68.5 27 10.0 -58.6 252 86 333.2 333.2 292.6 333.2 0.02 47 212 11549 -59.1 -70.1 23 11.0 -59.2 251 86 333.6 333.6 292.7 333.6 0.01 48 200 11910 -61.9 -69.9 34 8.0 -62.0 250 85 334.7 334.7 293.0 334.8 0.02 49 189 12259 -64.1 -71.1 38 7.0 -64.1 250 84 336.7 336.7 293.5 336.7 0.01 50 182 12491 -62.9 -72.9 25 10.0 -63.0 250 88 342.3 342.3 294.8 342.3 0.01 51 166 13057 -63.7 -79.7 10 16.0 -63.8 241 65 350.0 350.1 296.7 350.1 0.00 52 158 13364 -59.5 -83.5 3 24.0 -59.7 243 60 362.1 362.1 299.1 362.2 0.00 53 152 13607 -58.9 -83.9 3 25.0 -59.1 245 56 367.2 367.2 300.1 367.2 0.00 54 151 13648 -58.7 -83.7 3 25.0 -58.9 245 56 368.2 368.2 300.2 368.3 0.00 55 150 13690 -58.9 -83.9 3 25.0 -59.1 245 55 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.00 56 140 14121 -59.1 -85.1 2 26.0 -59.3 245 49 375.6 375.6 301.5 375.6 0.00 57 130 14588 -55.5 -84.5 2 29.0 -55.9 245 43 390.1 390.1 303.8 390.1 0.00 58 128 14686 -55.3 -84.3 2 29.0 -55.7 249 43 392.2 392.2 304.1 392.2 0.00 59 127 14736 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -55.5 252 43 393.4 393.4 304.3 393.4 0.00 60 107 15816 -59.5 -86.5 2 27.0 -59.8 243 27 404.9 404.9 305.9 404.9 0.00 61 100 16240 -57.1 -86.1 1 29.0 -57.5 255 34 417.4 417.4 307.4 417.4 0.00 62 97 16433 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -56.4 251 34 423.4 423.4 308.1 423.4 0.00 63 83 17412 -61.7 -87.7 2 26.0 -62.0 292 20 430.9 430.9 308.9 430.9 0.00 64 81 17564 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.5 277 19 439.2 439.2 309.8 439.2 0.00 65 70 18470 -63.5 -88.5 2 25.0 -63.8 310 14 448.5 448.5 310.7 448.5 0.00 66 69 18559 -63.5 -88.5 2 25.0 -63.8 310 14 450.4 450.4 310.9 450.4 0.00 67 67 18741 -60.7 -87.7 2 27.0 -61.1 310 14 460.3 460.3 311.8 460.3 0.00 68 65 18929 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.1 323 13 462.1 462.1 312.0 462.1 0.00 69 64 19026 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 358 9 467.6 467.6 312.4 467.7 0.00 70 59 19532 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.5 80 5 474.2 474.2 313.0 474.2 0.00 71 52 20322 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.4 163 10 501.8 501.8 315.1 501.9 0.00 72 50 20570 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.8 65 1 506.6 506.6 315.4 506.6 0.00 73 45 21235 -56.3 -86.3 1 30.0 -57.3 102 6 526.4 526.4 316.7 526.5 0.01 74 38 22300 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.9 76 11 545.4 545.4 317.8 545.4 0.00 75 35 22820 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -56.3 88 12 569.3 569.3 319.1 569.4 0.01 76 30 23800 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.0 110 14 590.1 590.1 320.2 590.1 0.01 77 27 24467 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -58.5 112 10 607.0 607.0 320.9 607.0 0.01 78 20 26390 -51.7 -84.7 1 33.0 -54.7 45 13 677.9 677.9 323.7 678.0 0.02 79 19 26723 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -55.4 57 15 685.5 685.5 324.0 685.6 0.02 80 16 27840 -50.7 -84.7 1 34.0 -54.5 97 16 725.9 725.9 325.3 726.0 0.02 81 15 28261 -51.1 -85.1 1 34.0 -55.0 104 18 738.1 738.1 325.6 738.2 0.02 82 13 29205 -45.5 -82.5 1 37.0 -52.0 96 16 788.3 788.3 327.0 788.6 0.03 83 11 30315 -47.5 -83.5 1 36.0 -53.7 25 11 819.6 819.6 327.7 819.9 0.03 84 10 30950 -44.5 -82.5 1 38.0 -52.4 65 8 853.4 853.5 328.5 853.9 0.04 85 9.7 31154 -43.9 -81.9 1 38.0 -52.2 63 8 863.2 863.2 328.7 863.7 0.05 86 9.0 31655 -45.5 -82.5 1 37.0 -53.4 58 8 875.7 875.7 329.0 876.2 0.05 87 7.8 32614 -43.1 -82.1 1 39.0 -52.8 48 7 921.9 921.9 329.8 922.5 0.06 88 7.1 33253 -39.1 -81.1 0 42.0 -51.6 41 7 963.5 963.5 330.6 964.4 0.08 89 7.0 33350 -39.3 -80.3 1 41.0 -51.7 40 7 966.6 966.6 330.7 967.6 0.09 90 6.9 33449 -39.3 -80.3 1 41.0 -51.8 970.6 970.6 330.7 971.6 0.09 TRP 189 12259 -64.1 -71.1 38 7.0 -64.1 250 84 336.7 336.7 293.5 336.7 0.01 WND 245 10631 -51.9 -65.4 18 13.5 -52.2 255 89 330.8 330.8 291.9 330.9 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5494.00 m Freezing level: 879.07 mb = 1187.53 m = 3896.06 ft Freezing level: 846.40 mb = 1488.04 m = 4881.96 ft Freezing level: 695.24 mb = 3073.81 m = 10084.56 ft Wetbulb zero: 888.06 mb = 1103.16 m = 3619.24 ft Precipitable water: 0.39 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 32.90 % Est. max temperature: 13.85 C = 56.93 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 917.10 mb = 844.29 m = 2769.96 ft T: 2.57 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.55 C/km ThetaE index: 3.07 C Layer 765.0- 764.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 859.47 mb = 1365.46 m = 4479.80 ft Mean mixing ratio: 4.08 g/kg Conv temperature: 10.02 C = 50.03 F Cap Strength: 16.76 C Lifted Index: 16.74 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 23.12 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 13.56 C Showalter Index: 14.39 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 31.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.40 C Cross Totals Index: 14.80 C K Index: -4.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 196.35 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.50 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 4.58 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 3.03 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70245.33 J/kg Cap Strength: 16.74 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 880.58 mb = 1170.93 m = 3841.59 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 298 at 37 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 270 11 11.0 -0.0 | 129 28 -21.8 17.5 1 944 610 270 27 27.0 -0.0 | 162 18 -5.8 17.5 2 925 775 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 183 21 1.1 20.5 3 909 914 260 29 28.6 5.0 | 169 23 -4.2 22.6 4 875 1219 250 35 32.9 12.0 | 180 29 0.1 29.5 5 850 1454 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 185 31 2.9 30.5 6 811 1829 265 42 41.8 3.7 | 203 23 9.0 21.2 7 781 2134 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 223 24 16.2 17.5 8 752 2438 270 48 48.0 -0.0 | 221 23 15.2 17.5 9 724 2743 270 47 47.0 -0.0 | 219 23 14.2 17.5 10 700 3018 275 50 49.8 -4.4 | 232 22 17.0 13.2 11 645 3658 270 53 53.0 -0.0 | 229 27 20.2 17.5 12 596 4267 270 60 60.0 -0.0 | 237 32 27.2 17.5 13 551 4877 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 246 31 28.0 12.2 14 500 5630 265 63 62.8 5.5 | 232 38 30.0 23.0 15 469 6096 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 235 40 33.0 23.3 16 400 7280 255 82 79.2 21.2 | 230 60 46.4 38.7 17 381 7620 260 82 80.8 14.2 | 236 58 48.0 31.8 18 306 9144 255 81 78.2 21.0 | 230 60 45.4 38.5 19 300 9280 255 85 82.1 22.0 | 231 63 49.3 39.5 20 250 10500 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 233 67 53.2 40.6 21 245 10631 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 233 67 53.2 40.6 22 244 10668 255 89 86.0 23.0 | 233 67 53.2 40.6 23 200 11910 250 85 79.9 29.1 | 225 66 47.1 46.6 24 189 12259 250 84 78.9 28.7 | 225 65 46.1 46.2 25 182 12497 250 88 82.7 30.1 | 226 69 49.9 47.6 26 173 12802 240 69 59.8 34.5 | 207 59 27.0 52.0 27 150 13690 245 55 49.8 23.2 | 203 44 17.0 40.8 28 129 14630 245 42 38.1 17.7 | 188 36 5.3 35.3 29 123 14935 265 46 45.8 4.0 | 211 25 13.0 21.5 30 117 15240 280 34 33.5 -5.9 | 183 12 0.7 11.6 31 112 15545 265 26 25.9 2.3 | 161 21 -6.9 19.8 32 106 15850 240 27 23.4 13.5 | 163 32 -9.4 31.0 33 100 16240 255 34 32.8 8.8 | 180 26 0.0 26.3 34 97 16459 250 34 31.9 11.6 | 178 29 -0.8 29.1 35 88 17069 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 123 15 -12.9 8.2 36 83 17374 295 20 18.1 -8.5 | 122 17 -14.7 9.1 37 79 17678 265 18 17.9 1.6 | 142 24 -14.9 19.1 38 76 17983 230 15 11.5 9.6 | 142 35 -21.3 27.2 39 72 18288 255 19 18.4 4.9 | 147 27 -14.4 22.4 40 70 18470 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 111 24 -22.1 8.5 41 65 18898 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 111 24 -22.1 8.5 42 62 19202 60 2 -1.7 -1.0 | 116 38 -34.5 16.5 43 54 20117 115 10 -9.1 4.2 | 117 47 -41.9 21.7 44 51 20422 185 10 0.9 10.0 | 131 42 -31.9 27.5 45 50 20570 65 1 -0.9 -0.4 | 117 38 -33.7 17.1 46 46 21031 85 1 -1.0 -0.1 | 117 38 -33.8 17.4 47 44 21336 110 8 -7.5 2.7 | 117 45 -40.3 20.3 48 38 22250 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 109 46 -43.4 14.7 49 30 23800 110 14 -13.2 4.8 | 116 51 -46.0 22.3 50 29 24079 110 14 -13.2 4.8 | 116 51 -46.0 22.3 51 27 24384 115 10 -9.1 4.2 | 117 47 -41.9 21.7 52 20 26390 45 13 -9.2 -9.2 | 101 43 -42.0 8.3 53 19 26822 60 15 -13.0 -7.5 | 102 47 -45.8 10.0 54 18 27127 100 12 -11.8 2.1 | 114 49 -44.6 19.6 55 17 27432 65 8 -7.3 -3.4 | 109 42 -40.0 14.1 56 16 27737 95 15 -14.9 1.3 | 112 51 -47.7 18.8 57 14 28651 110 20 -18.8 6.8 | 115 57 -51.6 24.4 58 13 29261 95 16 -15.9 1.4 | 111 52 -48.7 18.9 59 12 29566 255 1 1.0 0.3 | 119 36 -31.8 17.8 60 12 29870 25 16 -6.8 -14.5 | 94 40 -39.6 3.0 61 11 30175 15 12 -3.1 -11.6 | 99 36 -35.9 5.9 62 10 30950 65 8 -7.3 -3.4 | 109 42 -40.0 14.1 63 7 33350 40 7 -4.5 -5.4 | 108 39 -37.3 12.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 268.1 at 49.6 knts Storm direction: 298.1 at 37.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.2 neg: 4.0 tot: 8.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 102.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 292.7 neg: -30.6 tot: 262.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 87.4 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.64 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.2 stream: 7.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 106.98 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 270 21 147 21| 0.0 21.1 21.1| 97.4 0.0 97.4 194.7 0.83| 21.4 17.8 1000 263 27 163 22| 0.0 12.8 12.8|135.3 -21.1 114.3 114.3 0.56| 18.0 10.0 1500 259 30 173 24| 3.1 8.5 11.6|199.1 -21.1 178.1 118.7 0.61| 15.6 9.6 2000 261 34 182 23| 5.1 6.4 11.5|263.9 -21.1 242.8 121.4 0.67| 14.6 9.9 2500 264 37 190 22| 4.1 4.8 8.9|263.9 -28.7 235.2 94.1 0.63| 12.0 7.6 3000 266 39 196 21| 4.2 4.0 8.2|292.7 -30.6 262.1 87.4 0.64| 11.2 7.2 4000 267 43 207 22| 3.2 4.2 7.3|321.6 -36.3 285.3 71.3 0.59| 9.7 5.7 5000 269 47 217 23| 2.9 3.6 6.5|362.8 -64.5 298.2 59.6 0.54| 8.7 4.8 6000 268 50 221 25| 2.4 3.8 6.2|376.9-107.7 269.2 44.9 0.45| 8.2 3.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250422.12.gif