UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042112.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 21 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 21 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 148 80 5 SFC 991 215 8.2 -0.8 53 9.0 4.2 80 5 282.1 282.7 277.8 292.3 3.63 2 972 378 10.2 -1.8 43 12.0 4.8 119 14 285.7 286.3 279.3 295.5 3.44 3 960 482 9.6 -2.4 43 12.0 4.3 145 19 286.1 286.7 279.4 295.6 3.33 4 942 642 10.2 0.2 50 10.0 5.5 179 28 288.2 289.0 281.4 300.1 4.12 5 925 796 12.8 4.8 58 8.0 8.5 195 37 292.4 293.4 285.0 309.2 5.83 6 924 805 13.0 6.0 62 7.0 9.2 196 37 292.7 293.8 285.7 311.0 6.35 7 907 963 16.0 10.0 68 6.0 12.4 207 35 297.3 298.9 289.4 322.2 8.53 8 898 1048 16.4 10.4 68 6.0 12.7 212 32 298.6 300.2 290.1 324.5 8.85 9 884 1182 15.6 11.2 75 4.4 12.9 218 27 299.1 300.8 290.8 326.9 9.49 10 850 1514 13.4 10.1 80 3.3 11.4 225 25 300.2 301.9 290.9 327.2 9.17 11 839 1624 12.4 9.9 85 2.5 10.9 227 25 300.3 301.9 290.9 327.2 9.16 12 828 1734 11.6 9.0 84 2.6 10.0 228 25 300.5 302.1 290.6 326.3 8.73 13 804 1980 9.8 3.8 66 6.0 6.5 228 24 301.2 302.3 288.7 319.9 6.26 14 765 2391 6.2 1.6 72 4.6 3.8 217 24 301.6 302.6 288.2 318.5 5.62 15 753 2520 5.2 0.9 74 4.3 3.0 217 25 301.9 302.9 288.2 318.2 5.43 16 721 2874 3.2 3.2 100 0.0 3.2 228 31 303.5 304.7 289.9 323.6 6.69 17 718 2908 3.0 2.4 96 0.6 2.7 229 31 303.6 304.8 289.6 322.7 6.35 18 712 2976 3.0 -1.2 74 4.2 0.9 231 32 304.3 305.2 288.5 319.3 4.92 19 700 3114 2.4 -3.6 65 6.0 -0.4 235 33 305.1 305.9 288.1 318.0 4.19 20 694 3183 2.0 -4.0 64 6.0 -0.8 235 34 305.5 306.2 288.1 318.1 4.10 21 687 3265 1.4 -4.6 64 6.0 -1.3 235 35 305.7 306.4 288.1 317.9 3.96 22 685 3288 1.4 -3.3 71 4.7 -0.8 235 35 305.9 306.7 288.5 319.4 4.38 23 681 3335 1.2 -5.8 60 7.0 -1.9 235 36 306.2 306.9 287.9 317.5 3.64 24 663 3550 -0.5 -6.5 64 6.0 -3.1 235 35 306.7 307.3 288.0 317.7 3.54 25 660 3586 -0.9 -5.1 73 4.2 -2.8 235 35 306.6 307.3 288.4 318.9 3.96 26 638 3855 -3.5 -4.7 91 1.2 -4.0 235 31 306.6 307.4 288.6 319.7 4.23 27 636 3879 -3.5 -5.4 87 1.9 -4.3 235 30 306.9 307.7 288.5 319.4 4.02 28 635 3892 -2.9 -12.9 46 10.0 -6.6 235 30 307.7 308.1 287.1 314.9 2.23 29 632 3929 -2.9 -14.9 39 12.0 -7.1 235 29 308.1 308.5 286.8 314.3 1.90 30 617 4118 -4.9 -13.9 49 9.0 -8.1 235 26 308.0 308.4 287.0 314.8 2.11 31 609 4221 -5.3 -28.3 14 23.0 -10.9 235 24 308.7 308.8 285.6 310.7 0.61 32 606 4259 -5.5 -25.5 19 20.0 -10.7 235 24 308.9 309.0 285.9 311.5 0.79 33 605 4272 -5.5 -20.5 30 15.0 -9.9 235 23 309.0 309.3 286.4 313.1 1.24 34 597 4377 -6.1 -22.1 27 16.0 -10.6 236 23 309.5 309.7 286.4 313.1 1.09 35 582 4575 -7.9 -20.9 34 13.0 -11.6 237 24 309.7 309.9 286.6 313.8 1.24 36 580 4601 -8.1 -20.1 37 12.0 -11.6 238 24 309.7 310.0 286.8 314.1 1.33 37 572 4709 -8.3 -25.3 24 17.0 -12.6 238 24 310.7 310.9 286.6 313.6 0.85 38 567 4777 -8.7 -23.7 29 15.0 -12.7 239 25 311.0 311.2 286.9 314.4 1.00 39 563 4832 -9.1 -21.1 37 12.0 -12.5 239 25 311.2 311.4 287.2 315.4 1.26 40 558 4901 -9.7 -22.7 34 13.0 -13.2 240 25 311.3 311.5 287.1 315.0 1.11 41 554 4956 -10.1 -20.1 44 10.0 -13.0 240 26 311.5 311.7 287.5 316.1 1.40 42 553 4970 -10.1 -21.1 40 11.0 -13.2 240 26 311.6 311.9 287.4 315.9 1.28 43 551 4998 -10.1 -17.1 57 7.0 -12.3 241 27 311.9 312.3 288.1 317.9 1.82 44 548 5040 -10.5 -16.5 61 6.0 -12.5 241 27 312.0 312.3 288.2 318.2 1.92 45 547 5054 -10.5 -13.4 79 2.9 -11.5 241 28 312.1 312.6 288.8 320.2 2.49 46 544 5096 -10.9 -12.0 92 1.1 -11.3 241 28 312.1 312.7 289.1 321.1 2.80 47 541 5139 -11.1 -13.6 82 2.5 -12.0 241 29 312.4 312.9 288.9 320.4 2.47 48 529 5310 -11.7 -16.2 69 4.5 -13.2 242 32 313.7 314.1 288.9 320.4 2.04 49 522 5412 -12.3 -16.8 69 4.5 -13.7 243 34 314.2 314.5 288.9 320.6 1.97 50 518 5471 -12.5 -16.7 71 4.2 -13.9 243 35 314.6 315.0 289.1 321.2 2.00 51 507 5634 -13.5 -14.6 91 1.1 -13.9 244 37 315.3 315.8 289.8 323.3 2.43 52 503 5694 -13.1 -15.3 84 2.2 -13.9 245 38 316.5 317.0 290.0 324.2 2.31 53 500 5740 -13.3 -16.1 79 2.8 -14.2 245 39 316.8 317.2 290.0 324.0 2.18 54 497 5786 -13.5 -16.7 77 3.2 -14.5 246 40 317.1 317.5 290.0 324.0 2.08 55 400 7410 -25.1 -28.8 71 3.7 -25.8 260 52 322.4 322.5 290.4 325.5 0.89 56 300 9440 -40.1 -43.8 68 3.7 -40.4 260 46 328.8 328.9 291.7 329.8 0.26 57 250 10650 -50.3 -55.3 55 5.0 -50.5 265 53 331.3 331.3 292.2 331.6 0.08 58 200 12070 -61.5 -71.5 25 10.0 -61.6 270 69 335.4 335.4 293.2 335.4 0.01 59 179 12751 -65.3 -73.3 32 8.0 -65.4 270 70 340.0 340.0 294.3 340.0 0.01 60 152 13731 -70.9 -75.9 47 5.0 -70.9 270 56 346.6 346.6 295.9 346.7 0.01 61 150 13810 -69.7 -77.7 30 8.0 -69.8 265 56 350.0 350.0 296.7 350.0 0.01 62 100 16280 -59.9 -86.9 2 27.0 -60.2 295 45 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.0 0.00 63 94 16663 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.3 297 38 415.0 415.0 307.1 415.0 0.00 64 92 16796 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.8 298 34 420.7 420.7 307.8 420.8 0.00 65 83 17437 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 288 26 435.4 435.4 309.4 435.4 0.00 66 70 18490 -63.7 -88.7 2 25.0 -64.0 285 11 448.1 448.1 310.7 448.1 0.00 67 68 18668 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.7 294 16 450.1 450.1 310.8 450.1 0.00 68 63 19138 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 271 10 464.0 464.0 312.1 464.0 0.00 69 59 19543 -63.7 -89.7 2 26.0 -64.0 234 10 470.6 470.6 312.7 470.6 0.00 70 55 19980 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.7 279 15 490.6 490.7 314.2 490.7 0.00 71 51 20455 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 320 13 503.2 503.2 315.2 503.3 0.00 72 50 20580 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.6 320 7 507.0 507.0 315.4 507.1 0.00 73 46 21107 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -58.0 351 11 521.2 521.2 316.4 521.2 0.00 74 43 21532 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.5 57 14 527.4 527.4 316.8 527.4 0.00 75 38 22311 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.7 191 14 548.9 548.9 318.1 549.0 0.00 76 37 22480 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.1 234 12 557.8 557.8 318.5 557.8 0.01 77 30 23810 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.7 90 10 587.9 587.9 320.0 587.9 0.01 78 28 24245 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.2 77 12 598.5 598.5 320.5 598.5 0.01 79 26 24716 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.2 94 10 621.5 621.5 321.6 621.6 0.01 80 25 24968 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.9 53 10 629.7 629.7 321.9 629.7 0.01 81 23 25502 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.8 81 12 642.5 642.5 322.4 642.6 0.01 82 21 26084 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -56.8 66 9 660.1 660.1 323.0 660.2 0.01 83 21 26084 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -56.1 66 9 662.5 662.5 323.2 662.6 0.01 84 20 26400 -50.7 -85.7 1 35.0 -54.0 50 6 681.0 681.0 323.8 681.1 0.01 85 19 26734 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -53.4 124 5 694.2 694.2 324.3 694.3 0.02 86 17 27458 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -54.9 77 16 710.8 710.8 324.8 710.9 0.02 87 16 27853 -49.1 -85.1 1 36.0 -53.5 100 12 731.1 731.1 325.4 731.2 0.02 88 14 28726 -50.3 -85.3 1 35.0 -54.6 67 4 755.5 755.5 326.1 755.6 0.02 89 12 29744 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -51.7 94 5 810.1 810.1 327.5 810.4 0.03 90 10 30960 -45.7 -84.7 0 39.0 -53.1 65 21 849.0 849.0 328.4 849.2 0.03 91 9.7 31164 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -52.6 64 20 860.9 860.9 328.7 861.3 0.04 92 9.3 31447 -45.5 -84.5 0 39.0 -53.3 63 19 867.5 867.5 328.8 867.8 0.03 93 7.0 33370 -40.1 -81.1 0 41.0 -52.1 55 13 963.3 963.3 330.6 964.2 0.08 94 6.8 33568 -38.9 -80.9 0 42.0 -51.7 976.3 976.3 330.8 977.2 0.08 TRP 152 13731 -70.9 -75.9 47 5.0 -70.9 270 56 346.6 346.6 295.9 346.7 0.01 WND 179 12751 -65.3 -73.3 32 8.0 -65.4 270 70 340.0 340.0 294.3 340.0 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5592.00 m Freezing level: 668.29 mb = 3486.61 m = 11438.86 ft Wetbulb zero: 703.63 mb = 3072.02 m = 10078.68 ft Precipitable water: 1.03 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 63.90 % Est. max temperature: 26.31 C = 79.37 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 863.28 mb = 1382.57 m = 4535.93 ft T: 14.27 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.98 C/km ThetaE index: 9.03 C Layer 828.0- 721.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 658.80 mb = 3600.26 m = 11811.75 ft Mean mixing ratio: 5.39 g/kg Conv temperature: 32.66 C = 90.79 F Cap Strength: 11.61 C Lifted Index: 11.76 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 16.54 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 8.71 C Showalter Index: -0.66 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 50.10 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 26.70 C Cross Totals Index: 23.40 C K Index: 30.80 Risk: 60-80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 299.95 Risk: None Energy Index: -0.74 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 68.32 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 11.69 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 61713.52 J/kg Cap Strength: 11.69 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 831.63 mb = 1697.50 m = 5569.15 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 260 at 22 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 991 215 80 5 -4.9 -0.9 | 80 27 -26.4 -4.5 1 946 610 175 26 -2.3 25.9 | 133 33 -23.8 22.3 2 925 796 195 37 9.6 35.7 | 160 34 -11.9 32.1 3 912 914 205 37 15.6 33.5 | 169 30 -5.9 29.9 4 880 1219 220 26 16.7 19.9 | 164 17 -4.8 16.3 5 850 1514 225 25 17.7 17.7 | 165 15 -3.8 14.0 6 818 1829 230 25 19.2 16.1 | 169 13 -2.4 12.4 7 788 2134 225 22 15.6 15.6 | 153 13 -6.0 11.9 8 760 2438 215 24 13.8 19.7 | 154 18 -7.8 16.0 9 732 2743 225 30 21.2 21.2 | 179 18 -0.3 17.6 10 700 3114 235 33 27.0 18.9 | 200 16 5.5 15.3 11 679 3353 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 205 19 8.0 17.0 12 653 3658 235 34 27.9 19.5 | 202 17 6.3 15.9 13 604 4267 235 23 18.8 13.2 | 164 10 -2.7 9.5 14 558 4877 240 25 21.7 12.5 | 181 9 0.1 8.8 15 500 5740 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 227 19 13.8 12.8 16 477 6096 250 43 40.4 14.7 | 240 22 18.9 11.1 17 439 6706 255 59 57.0 15.3 | 252 37 35.5 11.6 18 400 7410 260 52 51.2 9.0 | 260 30 29.7 5.4 19 388 7620 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 260 29 28.7 5.2 20 341 8534 260 42 41.4 7.3 | 260 20 19.8 3.6 21 327 8839 265 49 48.8 4.3 | 269 27 27.3 0.6 22 313 9144 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 269 26 26.3 0.5 23 300 9440 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 260 24 23.8 4.3 24 250 10650 265 53 52.8 4.6 | 268 31 31.3 1.0 25 200 12070 270 69 69.0 -0.0 | 274 48 47.5 -3.7 26 179 12751 270 70 70.0 -0.0 | 274 49 48.5 -3.7 27 169 13106 270 70 70.0 -0.0 | 274 49 48.5 -3.7 28 160 13411 270 51 51.0 -0.0 | 277 30 29.5 -3.7 29 152 13731 270 56 56.0 -0.0 | 276 35 34.5 -3.7 30 150 13810 265 56 55.8 4.9 | 268 34 34.3 1.2 31 138 14326 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 260 36 35.6 6.4 32 131 14630 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 343 21 6.2 -19.7 33 125 14935 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 10 15 -2.5 -14.7 34 119 15240 255 33 31.9 8.5 | 245 11 10.4 4.9 35 113 15545 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 260 21 20.8 3.8 36 102 16154 275 55 54.8 -4.8 | 284 34 33.3 -8.4 37 100 16280 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 320 30 19.3 -22.7 38 97 16459 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 320 30 19.3 -22.7 39 88 17069 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 360 16 0.1 -16.2 40 76 17983 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 299 7 6.5 -3.7 41 72 18288 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 337 12 4.6 -10.6 42 70 18490 285 11 10.6 -2.8 | 59 13 -10.9 -6.5 43 69 18593 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 29 14 -6.8 -12.2 44 66 18898 275 12 12.0 -1.0 | 64 11 -9.6 -4.7 45 62 19202 270 10 10.0 -0.0 | 72 12 -11.5 -3.7 46 59 19507 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 103 15 -14.5 3.4 47 57 19812 285 12 11.6 -3.1 | 56 12 -9.9 -6.8 48 54 20117 275 17 16.9 -1.5 | 42 7 -4.6 -5.1 49 51 20422 320 15 9.6 -11.5 | 38 19 -11.9 -15.1 50 50 20580 320 7 4.5 -5.4 | 62 19 -17.0 -9.0 51 49 20726 295 12 10.9 -5.1 | 51 14 -10.6 -8.7 52 47 21031 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 56 24 -19.8 -13.5 53 44 21336 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 46 28 -20.1 -19.6 54 42 21641 90 13 -13.0 0.0 | 84 35 -34.5 -3.7 55 38 22250 175 14 -1.2 13.9 | 114 25 -22.7 10.3 56 35 22860 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 53 21 -16.5 -12.3 57 33 23165 325 13 7.5 -10.6 | 45 20 -14.1 -14.3 58 32 23470 35 12 -6.9 -9.8 | 65 31 -28.4 -13.5 59 30 23774 35 17 -9.8 -13.9 | 61 36 -31.3 -17.6 60 30 23810 90 10 -10.0 0.0 | 83 32 -31.5 -3.7 61 29 24079 85 11 -11.0 -1.0 | 82 33 -32.5 -4.6 62 27 24384 70 12 -11.3 -4.1 | 77 34 -32.8 -7.8 63 26 24689 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 87 31 -31.4 -1.9 64 25 24994 50 10 -7.7 -6.4 | 71 31 -29.2 -10.1 65 24 25298 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 74 31 -30.2 -8.7 66 23 25603 90 13 -13.0 0.0 | 84 35 -34.5 -3.7 67 22 25908 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 79 32 -31.2 -6.2 68 20 26400 50 6 -4.6 -3.9 | 74 27 -26.1 -7.5 69 20 26518 140 2 -1.3 1.5 | 85 23 -22.8 -2.1 70 17 27432 75 16 -15.5 -4.1 | 78 38 -37.0 -7.8 71 16 28042 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 90 31 -30.9 -0.2 72 15 28346 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 80 32 -31.4 -5.4 73 14 28651 80 1 -1.0 -0.2 | 80 23 -22.5 -3.8 74 14 28956 40 10 -6.4 -7.7 | 68 30 -27.9 -11.3 75 13 29261 35 14 -8.0 -11.5 | 63 33 -29.6 -15.1 76 12 29566 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 87 31 -31.4 -1.9 77 12 29870 90 2 -2.0 0.0 | 81 24 -23.5 -3.7 78 11 30175 35 10 -5.7 -8.2 | 67 30 -27.3 -11.8 79 10 30960 65 21 -19.0 -8.9 | 73 42 -40.6 -12.5 80 7 33370 55 13 -10.6 -7.5 | 71 34 -32.2 -11.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 230.4 at 29.1 knts Storm direction: 260.4 at 21.8 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.2 neg: 0.6 tot: 7.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 122.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 514.7 neg: -21.8 tot: 492.9 m^2/s^2 ave: 164.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.64 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 16.5 stream: 10.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.19 Bulk Rich Number: 0.79 Bulk Shear: 85.96 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 170 18 120 29| 34.9 0.0 34.9|337.2 0.0 337.2 674.4 0.93| 43.1 40.0 1000 194 26 144 26| 15.5 0.0 15.5|444.2 -10.1 434.2 434.2 0.72| 35.4 25.4 1500 204 26 151 23| 10.1 0.0 10.1|447.8 -10.1 437.7 291.8 0.69| 24.9 17.3 2000 210 25 154 20| 7.6 0.9 8.4|449.0 -21.7 427.3 213.6 0.61| 20.1 12.2 2500 212 25 155 19| 7.5 0.7 8.2|481.0 -21.8 459.2 183.7 0.62| 18.1 11.1 3000 216 26 161 19| 7.2 0.6 7.8|514.7 -21.8 492.9 164.3 0.64| 16.5 10.6 4000 222 28 170 17| 5.4 1.7 7.1|517.9 -50.6 467.3 116.8 0.50| 14.0 7.0 5000 225 27 172 16| 5.0 1.4 6.4|536.4 -52.4 484.0 96.8 0.51| 12.1 6.2 6000 230 29 183 15| 5.5 1.1 6.7|589.1 -52.4 536.7 89.5 0.53| 11.6 6.1 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250421.12.gif