UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042100.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 21 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 21 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1001 215 11.0 -1.0 43 12.0 5.6 45 5 284.1 284.7 278.7 294.1 3.55 1 1000 231 10.0 -2.0 43 12.0 4.8 45 8 283.1 283.7 277.9 292.5 3.30 2 930 828 4.6 -3.4 56 8.0 1.3 87 9 283.6 284.1 278.0 292.7 3.19 3 925 872 4.2 -3.8 56 8.0 0.9 90 9 283.6 284.1 277.9 292.5 3.12 4 920 916 4.0 -5.0 52 9.0 0.4 95 9 283.8 284.3 277.7 292.0 2.86 5 910 1005 5.2 -15.8 20 21.0 -1.4 92 8 286.0 286.2 276.5 289.6 1.22 6 867 1398 3.8 -22.2 13 26.0 -3.3 35 3 288.5 288.6 277.0 290.8 0.74 7 850 1559 4.6 -33.4 4 38.0 -3.7 320 3 291.0 291.0 277.6 291.9 0.27 8 845 1607 4.8 -34.2 4 39.0 -3.7 317 4 291.7 291.7 277.9 292.5 0.25 9 816 1891 4.0 -37.0 3 41.0 -4.4 301 7 293.7 293.8 278.8 294.4 0.20 10 789 2165 4.8 285 15 297.4 11 773 2332 5.6 285 24 300.1 12 754 2535 5.2 -34.8 4 40.0 -4.1 288 31 301.8 301.8 282.4 302.7 0.26 13 743 2654 4.8 -18.2 17 23.0 -2.9 292 32 302.6 302.8 284.0 306.5 1.23 14 700 3138 2.6 -23.4 13 26.0 -5.1 285 34 305.4 305.5 284.6 308.1 0.83 15 680 3372 2.0 -31.0 7 33.0 -6.2 285 31 307.2 307.3 284.8 308.7 0.42 16 625 4046 -1.5 -28.5 11 27.0 -8.5 297 28 310.7 310.8 286.3 312.7 0.58 17 624 4059 -1.5 -36.5 5 35.0 -9.0 298 28 310.9 310.9 286.0 311.8 0.27 18 608 4265 -3.1 -21.1 23 18.0 -8.6 304 31 311.3 311.6 287.2 315.2 1.17 19 603 4330 -3.7 -18.7 30 15.0 -8.5 302 31 311.4 311.7 287.5 316.2 1.45 20 595 4436 -3.3 -20.3 26 17.0 -8.7 295 31 313.0 313.3 287.9 317.3 1.28 21 542 5164 -9.9 -25.9 26 16.0 -13.9 282 34 313.6 313.8 287.6 316.6 0.85 22 540 5192 -10.1 -28.1 21 18.0 -14.3 282 34 313.7 313.9 287.5 316.2 0.70 23 534 5278 -10.7 -24.7 31 14.0 -14.3 281 34 314.0 314.2 287.9 317.3 0.97 24 531 5321 -10.7 -28.7 21 18.0 -14.9 280 34 314.5 314.7 287.7 316.9 0.67 25 526 5394 -11.1 -24.1 33 13.0 -14.5 279 35 314.9 315.1 288.2 318.4 1.04 26 501 5765 -14.5 -23.5 46 9.0 -16.8 275 36 315.2 315.4 288.4 319.1 1.15 27 500 5780 -14.5 -24.5 42 10.0 -17.0 275 36 315.4 315.6 288.4 318.9 1.05 28 495 5856 -14.9 -27.9 32 13.0 -17.8 275 36 315.8 315.9 288.2 318.5 0.78 29 494 5872 -14.5 -33.5 18 19.0 -18.1 275 35 316.5 316.5 288.1 318.1 0.46 30 491 5918 -14.7 -35.7 15 21.0 -18.5 275 35 316.8 316.8 288.1 318.1 0.37 31 474 6184 -15.9 -33.9 20 18.0 -19.3 274 35 318.5 318.6 288.8 320.1 0.46 32 447 6624 -19.9 -35.9 23 16.0 -22.5 271 37 318.8 318.9 288.8 320.3 0.40 33 435 6825 -21.5 -30.5 44 9.0 -23.2 272 39 319.3 319.4 289.3 321.7 0.69 34 433 6859 -21.9 -30.9 44 9.0 -23.5 272 39 319.2 319.3 289.2 321.6 0.67 35 430 6910 -21.9 -25.7 71 3.8 -22.7 272 39 319.8 320.1 289.9 323.6 1.10 36 425 6996 -22.7 -26.0 74 3.3 -23.4 273 40 319.9 320.1 289.9 323.6 1.08 37 422 7048 -22.7 -29.7 53 7.0 -24.1 273 40 320.5 320.7 289.8 323.3 0.77 38 418 7118 -23.1 -32.1 44 9.0 -24.7 273 41 320.9 321.0 289.7 323.1 0.62 39 410 7260 -24.1 -30.1 58 6.0 -25.2 274 42 321.4 321.5 290.0 324.1 0.76 40 402 7404 -24.5 -34.5 39 10.0 -26.1 275 43 322.7 322.8 290.1 324.5 0.51 41 400 7440 -24.7 -34.7 39 10.0 -26.3 275 43 322.9 323.0 290.2 324.7 0.50 42 387 7679 -26.7 -36.7 38 10.0 -28.1 277 42 323.3 323.4 290.2 324.9 0.43 43 385 7716 -26.9 -34.9 47 8.0 -28.1 278 42 323.5 323.6 290.4 325.4 0.51 44 380 7810 -27.5 -37.5 38 10.0 -28.9 281 42 324.0 324.0 290.4 325.4 0.40 45 366 8078 -29.5 -43.5 25 14.0 -31.0 284 43 324.8 324.8 290.5 325.6 0.22 46 358 8235 -30.7 -44.7 24 14.0 -32.1 283 44 325.2 325.3 290.6 326.0 0.20 47 350 8395 -31.5 -42.5 33 11.0 -32.6 281 46 326.3 326.3 290.9 327.3 0.26 48 314 9149 -38.9 -43.0 65 4.1 -39.2 275 52 326.3 326.3 290.9 327.3 0.27 49 300 9460 -40.9 -43.6 75 2.7 -41.1 280 57 327.7 327.8 291.3 328.7 0.27 50 299 9483 -40.9 -43.3 78 2.4 -41.1 280 57 328.0 328.1 291.5 329.1 0.28 51 298 9506 -41.1 -44.3 71 3.2 -41.3 280 57 328.1 328.1 291.5 329.0 0.25 52 292 9644 -42.1 -44.3 79 2.2 -42.3 279 58 328.6 328.6 291.6 329.5 0.26 53 288 9738 -42.9 -46.2 70 3.3 -43.1 279 58 328.7 328.8 291.6 329.5 0.21 54 281 9904 -43.9 -47.4 68 3.5 -44.1 278 58 329.6 329.6 291.8 330.3 0.19 55 276 10024 -44.7 -48.4 66 3.7 -44.9 278 59 330.1 330.2 291.9 330.8 0.17 56 250 10680 -50.5 -54.3 64 3.8 -50.6 275 61 331.0 331.0 292.1 331.4 0.10 57 200 12100 -61.1 -66.0 52 4.9 -61.2 295 58 336.0 336.0 293.3 336.1 0.03 58 150 13820 -74.5 -79.5 46 5.0 -74.5 265 63 341.8 341.8 294.7 341.8 0.00 59 143 14104 -75.7 -80.7 45 5.0 -75.7 265 78 344.4 344.4 295.4 344.4 0.00 60 140 14230 -74.7 -81.1 37 6.4 -74.7 270 90 348.2 348.2 296.3 348.2 0.00 61 100 16300 -59.3 -87.3 1 28.0 -59.6 260 49 413.2 413.2 306.9 413.2 0.00 62 76 18003 -64.3 -89.3 2 25.0 -64.6 315 12 436.4 436.4 309.5 436.4 0.00 63 71 18422 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 291 16 450.6 450.6 310.9 450.6 0.00 64 70 18510 -62.5 -88.5 2 26.0 -62.8 275 16 450.7 450.7 310.9 450.7 0.00 65 68 18688 -63.5 -89.5 2 26.0 -63.8 277 16 452.3 452.3 311.1 452.3 0.00 66 58 19678 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.5 301 13 486.0 486.0 313.9 486.0 0.00 67 51 20486 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.1 307 10 500.4 500.4 315.0 500.4 0.00 68 50 20610 -58.7 -88.7 1 30.0 -59.4 350 8 505.2 505.2 315.3 505.2 0.00 69 48 20867 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 318 12 514.9 514.9 315.9 514.9 0.00 70 44 21415 -57.7 -87.7 1 30.0 -58.6 142 12 526.4 526.4 316.7 526.4 0.00 71 39 22177 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -57.2 293 13 548.9 548.9 318.1 549.0 0.01 72 36 22684 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.3 346 7 558.5 558.5 318.6 558.6 0.01 73 35 22862 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.2 0 8 566.7 566.7 319.0 566.7 0.01 74 30 23840 -56.3 -88.3 1 32.0 -57.7 65 3 591.2 591.2 320.2 591.2 0.01 75 27 24512 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.5 286 4 613.7 613.7 321.2 613.8 0.01 76 24 25265 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -57.0 237 2 633.6 633.6 322.0 633.7 0.01 77 20 26440 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -54.6 315 12 678.5 678.5 323.7 678.6 0.01 78 14 28772 -48.1 -84.1 1 36.0 -53.2 68 6 762.9 762.9 326.3 763.1 0.02 79 13 29260 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.6 97 17 778.6 778.6 326.7 778.8 0.02 80 12 29790 -45.3 -83.3 1 38.0 -52.1 73 10 807.2 807.3 327.4 807.5 0.03 81 10 31010 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -52.2 100 10 854.9 855.0 328.5 855.3 0.04 82 10 31010 -43.7 -82.7 1 39.0 -52.1 100 10 856.4 856.4 328.5 856.8 0.04 83 9.6 31284 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -52.7 92 11 863.5 863.5 328.7 863.8 0.04 84 8.5 32103 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -52.4 68 13 900.3 900.3 329.4 900.8 0.05 85 7.8 32687 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -51.4 51 15 935.5 935.6 330.1 936.3 0.08 86 7.2 33236 -38.5 -80.5 0 42.0 -51.3 36 16 962.1 962.2 330.5 963.1 0.09 87 7.1 33333 -39.1 -81.1 0 42.0 -51.6 33 17 963.5 963.5 330.6 964.4 0.08 88 7.0 33430 -38.3 -80.3 0 42.0 -51.4 30 17 970.7 970.8 330.7 971.7 0.09 89 6.7 33733 -36.3 -79.3 0 43.0 -50.8 991.3 991.4 331.1 992.6 0.11 90 6.6 33837 -36.1 -79.1 0 43.0 -50.8 996.4 996.5 331.1 997.8 0.12 TRP 143 14104 -75.7 -80.7 45 5.0 -75.7 265 78 344.4 344.4 295.4 344.4 0.00 WND 140 14230 -74.7 -81.1 37 6.4 -74.7 270 90 348.2 348.2 296.3 348.2 0.00 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5549.00 m Freezing level: 648.57 mb = 3757.26 m = 12326.83 ft Wetbulb zero: 917.71 mb = 936.27 m = 3071.72 ft Precipitable water: 0.27 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 22.70 % Est. max temperature: 17.75 C = 63.95 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 833.64 mb = 1717.10 m = 5633.45 ft T: 4.49 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.47 C/km ThetaE index: 3.02 C Layer 925.0- 867.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 518.09 mb = 5509.27 m = 18074.81 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.91 g/kg Conv temperature: 41.93 C = 107.48 F Cap Strength: 20.53 C Lifted Index: 20.11 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 25.26 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 16.82 C Showalter Index: 20.01 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 0.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 19.10 C Cross Totals Index: -18.90 C K Index: -40.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 42.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.73 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 10.22 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.52 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 64988.89 J/kg Cap Strength: 20.50 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 802.82 mb = 2023.36 m = 6638.25 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 318 at 18 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1001 215 45 5 -3.5 -3.5 | 123 18 -15.5 9.9 1 1000 231 45 8 -5.7 -5.7 | 114 19 -17.6 7.8 2 955 610 70 11 -10.3 -3.8 | 113 24 -22.3 9.7 3 925 872 90 9 -9.0 0.0 | 123 25 -21.0 13.5 4 920 914 95 9 -9.0 0.8 | 124 25 -21.0 14.2 5 886 1219 85 7 -7.0 -0.6 | 124 23 -19.0 12.8 6 854 1524 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 138 18 -12.0 13.5 7 850 1559 320 3 1.9 -2.3 | 138 15 -10.1 11.2 8 822 1829 305 6 4.9 -3.4 | 145 12 -7.1 10.0 9 792 2134 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 183 10 0.6 10.1 10 763 2438 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 251 18 17.0 5.7 11 735 2743 295 33 29.9 -13.9 | 272 18 17.9 -0.5 12 700 3138 285 34 32.8 -8.8 | 257 21 20.9 4.7 13 681 3353 285 31 29.9 -8.0 | 253 19 18.0 5.4 14 655 3658 290 28 26.3 -9.6 | 255 15 14.3 3.9 15 630 3962 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 261 13 12.5 2.0 16 606 4267 305 31 25.4 -17.8 | 288 14 13.4 -4.3 17 583 4572 285 32 30.9 -8.3 | 255 20 18.9 5.2 18 561 4877 285 33 31.9 -8.5 | 256 20 19.9 4.9 19 500 5780 275 36 35.9 -3.1 | 247 26 23.9 10.3 20 479 6096 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 244 24 21.9 10.5 21 460 6401 270 36 36.0 -0.0 | 241 28 24.0 13.5 22 400 7440 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 253 32 30.8 9.7 23 390 7620 275 42 41.8 -3.7 | 252 31 29.9 9.8 24 373 7925 285 42 40.6 -10.9 | 265 29 28.6 2.6 25 314 9144 275 52 51.8 -4.5 | 257 41 39.8 8.9 26 300 9460 280 57 56.1 -9.9 | 265 44 44.1 3.6 27 250 10680 275 61 60.8 -5.3 | 261 49 48.8 8.1 28 239 10973 280 63 62.0 -10.9 | 267 50 50.1 2.5 29 200 12100 295 58 52.6 -24.5 | 285 42 40.6 -11.1 30 197 12192 295 56 50.8 -23.7 | 285 40 38.8 -10.2 31 169 13106 290 52 48.9 -17.8 | 277 37 36.9 -4.3 32 161 13411 285 50 48.3 -12.9 | 269 36 36.3 0.5 33 150 13820 265 63 62.8 5.5 | 250 54 50.8 18.9 34 145 14021 270 58 58.0 -0.0 | 254 48 46.0 13.5 35 143 14104 265 78 77.7 6.8 | 253 69 65.7 20.2 36 140 14230 270 90 90.0 -0.0 | 260 79 78.0 13.5 37 138 14326 270 90 90.0 -0.0 | 260 79 78.0 13.5 38 125 14935 310 60 46.0 -38.6 | 306 42 34.0 -25.1 39 119 15240 305 38 31.1 -21.8 | 294 21 19.1 -8.3 40 113 15545 270 29 29.0 -0.0 | 232 22 17.0 13.5 41 108 15850 260 32 31.5 5.6 | 226 27 19.5 19.0 42 102 16154 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 250 30 27.9 10.0 43 100 16300 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 239 42 36.3 22.0 44 97 16459 260 49 48.3 8.5 | 239 42 36.3 22.0 45 88 17069 275 44 43.8 -3.8 | 253 33 31.8 9.6 46 84 17374 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 271 27 26.5 -0.6 47 80 17678 325 22 12.6 -18.0 | 352 5 0.6 -4.6 48 76 17983 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 145 6 -3.5 5.0 49 73 18288 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 154 3 -1.4 2.8 50 70 18510 275 16 15.9 -1.4 | 198 13 4.0 12.1 51 69 18593 285 13 12.6 -3.4 | 183 10 0.6 10.1 52 66 18898 260 21 20.7 3.6 | 207 19 8.7 17.1 53 63 19202 270 28 28.0 -0.0 | 230 21 16.0 13.5 54 60 19507 315 15 10.6 -10.6 | 154 3 -1.4 2.8 55 57 19812 290 12 11.3 -4.1 | 176 9 -0.7 9.3 56 54 20117 305 17 13.9 -9.8 | 208 4 1.9 3.7 57 52 20422 285 11 10.6 -2.8 | 173 11 -1.4 10.6 58 50 20610 350 8 1.4 -7.9 | 118 12 -10.6 5.6 59 49 20726 290 13 12.2 -4.4 | 181 9 0.2 9.0 60 47 21031 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 109 11 -10.3 3.6 61 45 21336 120 10 -8.7 5.0 | 132 28 -20.6 18.5 62 42 21641 200 18 6.2 16.9 | 169 31 -5.8 30.4 63 39 22250 305 12 9.8 -6.9 | 162 7 -2.2 6.6 64 37 22555 335 6 2.5 -5.4 | 130 12 -9.5 8.0 65 33 23165 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 105 17 -16.2 4.4 66 30 23840 65 3 -2.7 -1.3 | 130 19 -14.7 12.2 67 28 24384 295 4 3.6 -1.7 | 145 14 -8.4 11.8 68 22 25908 195 1 0.3 1.0 | 141 19 -11.7 14.4 69 20 26440 315 12 8.5 -8.5 | 145 6 -3.5 5.0 70 19 26822 310 13 10.0 -8.4 | 158 5 -2.0 5.1 71 17 27432 70 8 -7.5 -2.7 | 119 22 -19.5 10.7 72 16 28042 110 12 -11.3 4.1 | 127 29 -23.3 17.6 73 15 28346 45 12 -8.5 -8.5 | 104 21 -20.5 5.0 74 14 28651 70 2 -1.9 -0.7 | 133 19 -13.9 12.8 75 14 28956 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 114 23 -21.1 9.2 76 13 29261 95 18 -17.9 1.6 | 117 33 -29.9 15.0 77 12 29566 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 134 28 -20.2 19.2 78 11 30175 355 10 0.9 -10.0 | 107 12 -11.1 3.5 79 10 31010 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 125 27 -21.8 15.2 80 7 33430 30 17 -8.5 -14.7 | 86 21 -20.5 -1.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 288.3 at 24.0 knts Storm direction: 318.3 at 18.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 1.9 neg: 4.4 tot: 6.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 133.5 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 148.5 neg: -42.7 tot: 105.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 35.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.45 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 11.3 stream: 5.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.08 Bulk Shear: 131.86 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 63 10 114 22| 6.8 0.0 6.8| 12.7 -17.2 -4.5 -9.0 -0.15| 9.7 -1.4 1000 75 9 118 24| 2.3 0.0 2.3| 32.8 -17.8 15.0 15.0 0.11| 7.7 0.8 1500 73 7 121 22| 1.6 3.7 5.3| 56.2 -17.8 38.4 25.6 0.23| 9.7 2.3 2000 46 8 114 19| 1.2 6.2 7.4| 89.7 -17.8 71.8 35.9 0.45| 10.8 4.9 2500 315 12 144 6| 2.3 5.0 7.3|148.5 -17.8 130.7 52.3 0.57| 12.3 7.0 3000 300 15 194 6| 1.9 4.4 6.3|148.5 -42.7 105.8 35.3 0.45| 11.3 5.1 4000 296 19 224 7| 1.8 3.3 5.2|173.3 -47.0 126.3 31.6 0.45| 10.2 4.6 5000 293 22 238 9| 1.5 3.7 5.1|175.0 -91.4 83.6 16.7 0.28| 9.6 2.7 6000 288 24 241 12| 1.2 3.3 4.5|175.0-117.8 57.2 9.5 0.22| 8.6 1.9 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250421.00.gif