UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042012.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 20 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 20 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1003 215 3.0 -0.1 80 3.1 1.7 270 5 275.9 276.5 274.7 286.2 3.78 1 1000 244 2.8 -0.7 78 3.5 1.4 300 5 276.0 276.6 274.5 285.9 3.63 2 965 532 0.8 -1.0 88 1.8 0.1 331 14 276.8 277.4 275.0 286.9 3.68 3 961 565 0.8 -2.1 81 2.9 -0.4 335 15 277.1 277.7 274.8 286.5 3.41 4 940 742 -0.5 -2.7 85 2.2 -1.4 337 15 277.5 278.1 274.9 286.7 3.33 5 925 871 -1.1 -3.6 83 2.5 -2.1 335 15 278.2 278.7 275.1 287.0 3.16 6 923 888 -1.1 -3.6 83 2.5 -2.1 335 15 278.4 278.9 275.2 287.2 3.17 7 910 1001 -1.3 -6.3 69 5.0 -3.1 336 17 279.3 279.7 274.9 286.7 2.62 8 906 1037 -1.1 -8.1 59 7.0 -3.5 337 18 279.8 280.2 274.8 286.3 2.29 9 878 1287 -1.9 -8.9 59 7.0 -4.3 339 21 281.5 281.9 275.6 287.9 2.22 10 855 1498 -1.3 -13.3 40 12.0 -5.0 335 23 284.3 284.6 276.2 289.0 1.60 11 850 1545 -1.5 -13.5 39 12.0 -5.2 335 23 284.6 284.8 276.3 289.3 1.58 12 831 1724 -2.7 -14.7 39 12.0 -6.3 329 23 285.2 285.4 276.4 289.5 1.47 13 823 1801 -2.9 -17.9 30 15.0 -7.0 326 23 285.7 285.9 276.2 289.2 1.14 14 819 1840 -2.1 -25.1 15 23.0 -7.5 324 23 287.0 287.1 276.1 288.9 0.61 15 803 1996 -1.5 -29.5 10 28.0 -7.5 314 26 289.2 289.3 276.9 290.6 0.41 16 774 2288 -3.1 -31.1 9 28.0 -8.8 300 32 290.6 290.6 277.6 291.8 0.37 17 742 2621 -3.9 -36.9 6 33.0 -9.8 301 36 293.2 293.3 278.6 294.0 0.22 18 735 2696 -3.9 -37.9 5 34.0 -9.9 303 37 294.0 294.1 279.0 294.7 0.20 19 721 2848 -3.1 -42.1 3 39.0 -9.6 303 44 296.5 296.6 280.0 297.0 0.13 20 713 2936 -1.3 -45.3 2 44.0 -8.5 302 50 299.5 299.5 281.3 299.8 0.09 21 704 3038 -0.7 -40.7 3 40.0 -8.1 301 57 301.2 301.2 282.1 301.8 0.16 22 700 3083 -0.9 -36.9 5 36.0 -8.1 300 60 301.5 301.5 282.3 302.3 0.23 23 681 3302 -2.1 -28.1 12 26.0 -8.4 300 66 302.5 302.6 283.1 304.4 0.56 24 668 3455 -1.7 -27.7 12 26.0 -8.2 300 68 304.7 304.8 284.0 306.6 0.59 25 628 3941 -5.7 -23.7 23 18.0 -10.5 298 69 305.5 305.7 284.7 308.5 0.90 26 623 4004 -5.3 -28.3 14 23.0 -10.8 297 68 306.7 306.8 284.8 308.7 0.60 27 598 4324 -6.7 -37.7 6 31.0 -12.5 295 68 308.7 308.7 285.1 309.5 0.25 28 561 4819 -9.7 -34.7 11 25.0 -14.6 291 74 310.8 310.9 286.1 312.1 0.36 29 558 4861 -9.3 -36.3 9 27.0 -14.4 290 75 311.8 311.8 286.4 312.9 0.31 30 547 5014 -9.5 -31.5 15 22.0 -14.2 289 76 313.3 313.4 287.1 315.1 0.50 31 531 5242 -11.5 -28.5 23 17.0 -15.4 288 78 313.6 313.7 287.4 315.9 0.69 32 530 5257 -11.7 -28.7 23 17.0 -15.5 288 79 313.5 313.6 287.3 315.8 0.67 33 500 5700 -14.7 -33.7 18 19.0 -18.3 285 83 315.1 315.2 287.6 316.7 0.44 34 476 6070 -17.3 -40.3 12 23.0 -20.7 281 83 316.4 316.4 287.8 317.2 0.24 35 461 6308 -18.7 -40.7 13 22.0 -21.8 277 84 317.5 317.6 288.2 318.4 0.24 36 452 6455 -19.9 -34.9 25 15.0 -22.4 275 86 317.8 317.9 288.5 319.4 0.44 37 438 6687 -21.9 -34.9 30 13.0 -24.0 276 90 318.2 318.2 288.6 319.8 0.45 38 429 6839 -22.9 -39.9 20 17.0 -25.2 277 93 318.8 318.8 288.7 319.8 0.28 39 424 6925 -22.3 -47.3 8 25.0 -25.1 278 95 320.6 320.6 289.1 321.1 0.13 40 400 7350 -24.7 -47.7 10 23.0 -27.1 280 103 322.9 322.9 289.8 323.4 0.13 41 387 7590 -26.3 -50.3 9 24.0 -28.5 280 104 323.9 323.9 290.0 324.2 0.10 42 385 7628 -26.3 -51.3 8 25.0 -28.6 280 104 324.3 324.4 290.2 324.7 0.09 43 357 8169 -31.7 -54.7 8 23.0 -33.3 282 111 324.2 324.2 290.1 324.4 0.06 44 352 8269 -32.1 -59.1 5 27.0 -33.7 282 112 324.9 324.9 290.3 325.1 0.04 45 339 8534 -34.3 -59.3 6 25.0 -35.6 283 115 325.5 325.5 290.5 325.6 0.04 46 337 8576 -34.3 -51.3 16 17.0 -35.5 283 116 326.0 326.0 290.7 326.4 0.10 47 330 8722 -35.5 -53.5 14 18.0 -36.6 284 118 326.3 326.3 290.7 326.6 0.08 48 311 9133 -38.7 -55.7 15 17.0 -39.6 285 123 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.7 0.06 49 300 9380 -40.7 -56.7 16 16.0 -41.4 280 121 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.2 0.06 50 296 9471 -41.3 -56.3 18 15.0 -42.0 280 120 328.4 328.4 291.3 328.7 0.06 51 277 9917 -45.5 -56.5 28 11.0 -45.9 278 118 328.6 328.7 291.4 328.9 0.07 52 262 10284 -49.1 -55.1 50 6.0 -49.3 276 116 328.6 328.6 291.4 329.0 0.08 53 257 10410 -50.1 -55.1 55 5.0 -50.3 276 115 329.0 329.0 291.5 329.3 0.08 54 251 10564 -51.3 -54.4 69 3.1 -51.4 275 114 329.4 329.4 291.6 329.8 0.09 55 250 10590 -51.5 -54.7 68 3.2 -51.6 275 114 329.5 329.5 291.7 329.9 0.09 56 248 10642 -51.9 -55.8 63 3.9 -52.0 275 113 329.7 329.7 291.7 330.0 0.08 57 243 10773 -53.1 -55.9 71 2.8 -53.2 276 114 329.8 329.8 291.7 330.1 0.08 58 202 11939 -61.8 -66.3 55 4.5 -61.9 285 129 333.9 333.9 292.8 334.0 0.03 59 200 12000 -62.3 -66.9 54 4.6 -62.4 285 128 334.1 334.1 292.9 334.2 0.02 60 173 12887 -66.3 -74.3 32 8.0 -66.4 265 116 341.6 341.6 294.7 341.7 0.01 61 150 13760 -61.9 -79.9 7 18.0 -62.0 260 95 363.4 363.4 299.4 363.5 0.00 62 100 16320 -60.3 -87.3 2 27.0 -60.6 280 37 411.2 411.2 306.7 411.2 0.00 63 95 16638 -61.3 -87.3 2 26.0 -61.6 276 37 415.3 415.3 307.2 415.3 0.00 64 87 17184 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.4 262 36 428.3 428.3 308.7 428.3 0.00 65 84 17402 -61.3 -88.3 2 27.0 -61.6 257 36 430.2 430.2 308.9 430.2 0.00 66 81 17628 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 251 36 438.4 438.4 309.7 438.4 0.00 67 74 18187 -63.7 -89.7 2 26.0 -64.0 238 37 441.0 441.0 310.0 441.0 0.00 68 72 18356 -61.7 -88.7 2 27.0 -62.0 246 37 448.8 448.8 310.7 448.8 0.00 69 70 18530 -61.9 -88.9 2 27.0 -62.2 275 37 452.0 452.0 311.0 452.0 0.00 70 66 18893 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 270 33 457.9 457.9 311.6 457.9 0.00 71 60 19485 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.5 283 23 479.0 479.0 313.4 479.1 0.00 72 55 20027 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.9 250 18 485.1 485.1 313.8 485.2 0.00 73 50 20620 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.3 215 13 502.8 502.8 315.1 502.8 0.00 74 41 21875 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.5 287 11 543.1 543.1 317.7 543.2 0.01 75 37 22527 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.9 44 11 552.6 552.6 318.2 552.7 0.01 76 31 23643 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.4 260 10 580.2 580.2 319.7 580.3 0.01 77 30 23850 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.0 285 10 590.1 590.1 320.2 590.1 0.01 78 28 24289 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.8 287 9 609.6 609.6 321.0 609.7 0.01 79 27 24522 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -55.7 311 6 616.5 616.5 321.3 616.6 0.01 80 23 25546 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -57.2 357 0 640.8 640.8 322.3 640.8 0.01 81 20 26440 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.9 45 16 673.0 673.0 323.5 673.1 0.01 82 19 26771 -51.5 -85.5 1 34.0 -54.7 35 15 688.6 688.6 324.0 688.7 0.01 83 17 27492 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -55.6 94 13 707.6 707.6 324.7 707.7 0.02 84 15 28308 -47.9 -83.9 1 36.0 -52.9 106 11 748.7 748.7 325.9 748.9 0.02 85 12 29785 -46.5 -83.5 1 37.0 -52.8 72 9 803.0 803.0 327.3 803.3 0.03 86 12 29785 -46.9 -83.9 1 37.0 -53.1 72 9 801.6 801.6 327.3 801.8 0.03 87 10 31000 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -52.2 360 4 854.9 855.0 328.5 855.3 0.04 88 8.5 32100 -40.1 -81.1 0 41.0 -51.1 911.2 911.3 329.7 911.9 0.07 89 8.2 32345 -40.1 -81.1 0 41.0 -51.3 920.7 920.7 329.8 921.4 0.07 TRP 173 12887 -66.3 -74.3 32 8.0 -66.4 265 116 341.6 341.6 294.7 341.7 0.01 WND 202 11939 -61.8 -66.3 55 4.5 -61.9 285 129 333.9 333.9 292.8 334.0 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5456.00 m Freezing level: 948.08 mb = 674.17 m = 2211.82 ft Wetbulb zero: 964.33 mb = 537.22 m = 1762.53 ft Precipitable water: 0.27 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 27.07 % Est. max temperature: 11.51 C = 52.71 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 955.94 mb = 607.41 m = 1992.79 ft T: 0.49 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.27 C/km ThetaE index: 0.84 C Layer 910.0- 878.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 564.32 mb = 4773.39 m = 15660.53 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.32 g/kg Conv temperature: 37.73 C = 99.91 F Cap Strength: 23.61 C Lifted Index: 24.10 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 29.36 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 17.01 C Showalter Index: 22.08 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 14.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 13.20 C Cross Totals Index: 1.20 C K Index: -36.30 Risk: None Sweat Index: 129.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 5.84 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 13.63 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.22 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 77689.30 J/kg Cap Strength: 23.88 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 909.02 mb = 1010.01 m = 3313.65 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 326 at 38 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1003 215 270 5 5.0 -0.0 | 153 36 -16.2 32.0 1 1000 244 300 5 4.3 -2.5 | 150 34 -16.9 29.5 2 956 610 340 16 5.5 -15.0 | 137 23 -15.7 17.0 3 925 871 335 15 6.3 -13.6 | 141 24 -14.8 18.4 4 920 914 335 16 6.8 -14.5 | 141 23 -14.4 17.5 5 885 1219 340 20 6.8 -18.8 | 133 20 -14.3 13.2 6 852 1524 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 134 16 -11.5 11.2 7 850 1545 335 23 9.7 -20.8 | 134 16 -11.5 11.2 8 820 1829 325 23 13.2 -18.8 | 149 15 -8.0 13.2 9 789 2134 305 29 23.8 -16.6 | 189 16 2.6 15.4 10 759 2438 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 211 20 10.5 17.2 11 731 2743 305 37 30.3 -21.2 | 220 14 9.1 10.8 12 700 3083 300 60 52.0 -30.0 | 266 31 30.8 2.0 13 676 3353 300 68 58.9 -34.0 | 273 38 37.7 -2.0 14 650 3658 300 69 59.8 -34.5 | 274 39 38.6 -2.5 15 601 4267 295 68 61.6 -28.7 | 265 41 40.4 3.3 16 556 4877 290 75 70.5 -25.7 | 263 50 49.3 6.4 17 500 5700 285 83 80.2 -21.5 | 260 60 59.0 10.5 18 494 5791 285 83 80.2 -21.5 | 260 60 59.0 10.5 19 474 6096 280 83 81.7 -14.4 | 254 63 60.6 17.6 20 455 6401 275 85 84.7 -7.4 | 249 68 63.5 24.6 21 400 7350 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 260 81 80.2 14.1 22 385 7620 280 104 102.4 -18.1 | 260 82 81.2 13.9 23 310 9144 285 123 118.8 -31.8 | 270 98 97.6 0.2 24 300 9380 280 121 119.2 -21.0 | 264 99 98.0 11.0 25 250 10590 275 114 113.6 -9.9 | 257 95 92.4 22.1 26 247 10668 275 113 112.6 -9.8 | 256 94 91.4 22.2 27 202 11939 285 129 124.6 -33.4 | 271 103 103.4 -1.4 28 200 12000 285 128 123.6 -33.1 | 271 102 102.5 -1.1 29 194 12192 285 129 124.6 -33.4 | 271 103 103.4 -1.4 30 173 12887 265 116 115.6 10.1 | 246 103 94.4 42.1 31 151 13716 260 95 93.6 16.5 | 236 87 72.4 48.5 32 150 13760 260 95 93.6 16.5 | 236 87 72.4 48.5 33 125 14935 270 84 84.0 -0.0 | 243 70 62.8 32.0 34 119 15240 285 66 63.8 -17.1 | 251 45 42.6 14.9 35 108 15850 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 236 24 19.6 13.0 36 103 16154 275 49 48.8 -4.3 | 225 39 27.6 27.7 37 100 16320 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 211 30 15.3 25.6 38 98 16459 280 37 36.4 -6.4 | 211 30 15.3 25.6 39 89 17069 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 203 38 14.7 35.1 40 73 18288 235 37 30.3 21.2 | 190 54 9.1 53.2 41 70 18530 275 37 36.9 -3.2 | 209 33 15.7 28.8 42 69 18593 240 41 35.5 20.5 | 195 54 14.3 52.5 43 63 19202 300 25 21.7 -12.5 | 181 20 0.5 19.5 44 54 20117 245 17 15.4 7.2 | 172 40 -5.8 39.2 45 52 20422 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 162 37 -11.8 35.4 46 50 20620 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 162 45 -13.7 42.7 47 49 20726 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 158 44 -16.2 40.7 48 47 21031 205 15 6.3 13.6 | 162 48 -14.8 45.6 49 45 21336 220 16 10.3 12.3 | 166 46 -10.9 44.3 50 43 21641 245 16 14.5 6.8 | 170 39 -6.7 38.8 51 41 21946 300 10 8.7 -5.0 | 155 30 -12.5 27.0 52 37 22555 50 11 -8.4 -7.1 | 130 39 -29.6 24.9 53 35 22860 165 11 -2.8 10.6 | 151 49 -24.0 42.6 54 30 23850 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 159 32 -11.5 29.4 55 29 24079 245 12 10.9 5.1 | 164 38 -10.3 37.1 56 28 24384 305 7 5.7 -4.0 | 151 32 -15.5 28.0 57 23 25603 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 146 38 -21.2 32.0 58 20 26440 45 16 -11.3 -11.3 | 122 39 -32.5 20.7 59 20 26518 5 10 -0.9 -10.0 | 135 31 -22.1 22.0 60 19 26822 40 16 -10.3 -12.3 | 122 37 -31.5 19.8 61 18 27127 85 15 -14.9 -1.3 | 130 47 -36.1 30.7 62 17 27432 90 14 -14.0 0.0 | 132 48 -35.2 32.0 63 16 28042 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 142 48 -29.4 37.7 64 15 28346 105 11 -10.6 2.8 | 138 47 -31.8 34.9 65 13 29261 50 1 -0.8 -0.6 | 145 38 -22.0 31.4 66 12 29870 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 134 43 -30.8 29.4 67 11 30175 65 17 -15.4 -7.2 | 124 44 -36.6 24.8 68 10 31000 360 4 -0.0 -4.0 | 143 35 -21.2 28.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 296.5 at 51.2 knts Storm direction: 326.5 at 38.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.1 neg: 7.7 tot: 11.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 116.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 204.9 neg: -69.6 tot: 135.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 45.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.40 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.9 stream: 5.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.06 Bulk Shear: 239.08 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 332 11 144 27| 14.9 0.0 14.9| 3.9 -53.9 -50.1 -100.2 -0.43| 16.5 -7.0 1000 335 14 141 24| 9.7 0.0 9.7| 8.1 -69.6 -61.5 -61.5 -0.41| 11.2 -4.6 1500 335 17 140 22| 6.5 1.7 8.2| 19.7 -69.6 -49.8 -33.2 -0.22| 9.5 -2.1 2000 328 19 145 19| 4.8 4.9 9.8| 73.8 -69.6 4.2 2.1 0.18| 10.9 2.0 2500 319 22 156 17| 4.9 3.9 8.9|106.5 -69.6 37.0 14.8 0.27| 11.0 3.0 3000 313 27 174 13| 4.1 7.7 11.8|204.9 -69.6 135.3 45.1 0.40| 13.9 5.6 4000 306 38 223 13| 3.1 6.5 9.6|227.3-123.9 103.4 25.8 0.32| 11.8 3.8 5000 301 45 243 19| 2.5 6.5 8.9|227.3-168.4 58.9 11.8 0.25| 10.9 2.7 6000 296 51 250 26| 2.0 6.2 8.3|227.3-337.4-110.1 -18.3 0.13| 10.5 1.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250420.12.gif