UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042000.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 20 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 20 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 138 SFC 990 215 8.4 7.9 97 0.5 8.1 245 12 282.4 283.5 281.7 301.0 6.76 2 982 283 7.4 7.4 100 0.0 7.4 252 14 282.0 283.1 281.4 300.1 6.58 3 977 326 8.2 8.0 99 0.2 8.1 256 15 283.2 284.4 282.3 302.3 6.90 4 975 343 9.8 8.8 93 1.0 9.2 258 16 285.0 286.3 283.5 305.3 7.30 5 971 377 11.4 9.7 89 1.7 10.4 262 17 287.0 288.3 284.8 308.7 7.80 6 957 500 11.4 9.8 90 1.6 10.5 274 20 288.1 289.5 285.5 310.5 7.97 7 925 787 9.2 9.2 100 0.0 9.2 275 27 288.7 290.1 285.7 311.0 7.91 8 924 796 9.0 9.0 100 0.0 9.0 274 27 288.6 290.0 285.5 310.6 7.82 9 920 832 9.4 9.4 100 0.0 9.4 271 28 289.4 290.8 286.1 312.1 8.07 10 873 1267 8.6 8.4 99 0.2 8.5 263 45 292.9 294.3 287.3 315.7 7.94 11 850 1488 7.4 7.4 100 0.0 7.4 255 46 293.9 295.3 287.3 315.8 7.62 12 842 1566 7.0 7.0 100 0.0 7.0 255 47 294.3 295.6 287.3 315.9 7.48 13 792 2067 4.2 4.2 100 0.0 4.2 259 51 296.5 297.7 287.3 315.6 6.54 14 787 2119 4.0 2.2 88 1.8 3.1 260 51 296.8 297.8 286.6 313.6 5.70 15 779 2202 3.4 0.3 80 3.1 1.9 262 51 297.0 297.9 286.0 311.9 5.02 16 777 2223 3.4 -0.3 77 3.7 1.6 263 51 297.2 298.1 285.9 311.5 4.82 17 775 2244 3.4 -0.3 77 3.7 1.6 263 51 297.5 298.3 285.9 311.8 4.83 18 754 2467 2.6 1.8 94 0.8 2.2 269 51 298.9 300.0 287.5 316.1 5.79 19 724 2795 1.8 -1.2 80 3.0 0.4 261 61 301.6 302.4 287.5 316.2 4.84 20 721 2829 1.8 -1.2 80 3.0 0.3 261 62 301.9 302.8 287.6 316.6 4.86 21 700 3067 0.2 -0.6 94 0.8 -0.2 260 65 302.7 303.7 288.3 318.5 5.23 22 694 3136 -0.3 -0.4 99 0.1 -0.3 261 65 302.9 303.9 288.5 319.1 5.36 23 688 3206 -0.5 -1.8 91 1.3 -1.2 261 64 303.4 304.3 288.2 318.2 4.87 24 674 3370 -1.9 -1.9 100 0.0 -1.9 263 63 303.6 304.6 288.3 318.7 4.94 25 662 3513 -2.9 -2.9 100 0.0 -2.9 264 63 304.1 305.0 288.2 318.3 4.67 26 661 3524 -2.9 -3.3 97 0.4 -3.1 264 63 304.2 305.1 288.1 318.1 4.54 27 656 3585 -2.7 -6.2 77 3.5 -4.2 264 62 305.1 305.8 287.6 316.4 3.67 28 649 3670 -2.7 -7.2 71 4.5 -4.6 265 62 306.0 306.7 287.6 316.7 3.43 29 648 3682 -2.7 -8.7 63 6.0 -5.1 265 62 306.2 306.7 287.3 315.7 3.06 30 645 3719 -2.7 -8.7 63 6.0 -5.1 265 63 306.6 307.2 287.5 316.2 3.07 31 642 3756 -2.3 -11.3 50 9.0 -5.8 264 63 307.4 307.9 287.2 315.4 2.51 32 641 3768 -2.3 -12.3 46 10.0 -6.1 264 63 307.6 308.0 287.1 315.0 2.32 33 631 3893 -2.5 -16.5 33 14.0 -7.2 263 65 308.7 309.1 286.8 314.2 1.67 34 622 4007 -3.1 -13.1 46 10.0 -6.8 262 67 309.3 309.8 287.6 316.5 2.24 35 608 4188 -3.9 -11.9 54 8.0 -7.0 261 70 310.4 310.9 288.3 318.5 2.53 36 605 4227 -3.9 -11.9 54 8.0 -7.0 260 70 310.9 311.3 288.4 319.0 2.54 37 577 4599 -6.5 -13.5 58 7.0 -9.1 260 66 312.1 312.5 288.6 319.6 2.34 38 575 4627 -6.5 -14.5 53 8.0 -9.4 260 66 312.4 312.8 288.5 319.4 2.16 39 570 4695 -6.5 -15.5 49 9.0 -9.6 260 65 313.2 313.5 288.6 319.7 2.01 40 561 4820 -6.1 -19.1 35 13.0 -10.2 260 63 315.1 315.3 288.8 320.1 1.50 41 556 4890 -6.5 -21.5 29 15.0 -11.0 260 62 315.4 315.6 288.6 319.6 1.23 42 548 5003 -6.9 -18.9 38 12.0 -10.8 262 66 316.2 316.5 289.2 321.5 1.57 43 536 5175 -8.9 -15.9 57 7.0 -11.3 265 73 315.8 316.2 289.6 322.7 2.06 44 514 5499 -11.7 -15.7 72 4.0 -13.0 259 72 316.3 316.7 289.8 323.5 2.19 45 506 5619 -12.5 -15.6 78 3.1 -13.5 257 72 316.7 317.1 290.0 324.1 2.24 46 500 5710 -12.7 -16.4 74 3.7 -13.9 255 71 317.6 318.0 290.2 324.6 2.12 47 490 5863 -13.7 -17.6 72 3.9 -14.9 256 71 318.2 318.5 290.2 324.7 1.96 48 486 5925 -14.1 -17.6 75 3.5 -15.2 257 71 318.4 318.8 290.3 325.0 1.97 49 455 6419 -18.5 -19.4 93 0.9 -18.8 263 74 319.0 319.3 290.3 325.1 1.81 50 452 6469 -18.7 -19.9 90 1.2 -19.0 263 74 319.3 319.7 290.3 325.2 1.74 51 449 6518 -18.5 -21.2 79 2.7 -19.3 263 74 320.2 320.5 290.4 325.5 1.57 52 442 6635 -18.9 -22.4 74 3.5 -19.8 264 75 321.1 321.4 290.6 326.0 1.43 53 437 6719 -19.1 -22.1 77 3.0 -19.9 265 75 321.9 322.2 290.9 327.0 1.49 54 431 6822 -19.7 -24.2 67 4.5 -20.8 266 76 322.4 322.7 290.8 326.8 1.25 55 400 7370 -23.3 -28.3 63 5.0 -24.3 265 79 324.7 324.9 291.2 328.0 0.93 56 300 9420 -38.3 -53.3 19 15.0 -39.2 255 94 331.4 331.4 292.2 331.7 0.09 57 250 10640 -49.9 -57.9 38 8.0 -50.1 250 89 331.9 331.9 292.3 332.1 0.06 58 206 11876 -59.1 -71.4 19 12.3 -59.2 255 107 336.3 336.3 293.4 336.4 0.01 59 200 12060 -60.5 -73.5 17 13.0 -60.6 260 107 337.0 337.0 293.6 337.0 0.01 60 150 13810 -68.9 -78.9 22 10.0 -68.9 250 74 351.4 351.4 297.0 351.4 0.01 61 100 16340 -60.9 -86.9 2 26.0 -61.2 260 52 410.1 410.1 306.5 410.1 0.00 62 98 16465 -61.1 -87.1 2 26.0 -61.4 260 51 412.0 412.0 306.7 412.1 0.00 63 89 17063 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -58.9 275 53 428.8 428.8 308.7 428.8 0.00 64 82 17574 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.9 293 33 434.8 434.8 309.3 434.8 0.00 65 78 17885 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.5 285 24 444.0 444.0 310.3 444.0 0.00 66 71 18472 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.6 237 22 456.1 456.1 311.4 456.1 0.00 67 70 18560 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.2 240 23 456.7 456.7 311.5 456.7 0.00 68 62 19312 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.6 221 25 464.8 464.8 312.2 464.8 0.00 69 60 19514 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.3 211 26 474.6 474.6 313.0 474.6 0.00 70 54 20163 -64.9 -89.9 2 25.0 -65.2 271 29 479.9 479.9 313.4 479.9 0.00 71 53 20277 -64.5 -89.5 2 25.0 -64.8 261 23 483.4 483.4 313.7 483.4 0.00 72 52 20395 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.0 251 18 495.3 495.3 314.6 495.3 0.00 73 50 20640 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 230 6 506.1 506.1 315.4 506.1 0.00 74 49 20768 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -58.1 230 6 511.4 511.4 315.7 511.4 0.00 75 47 21030 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.6 230 6 513.7 513.7 315.9 513.7 0.00 76 45 21305 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.5 252 15 525.9 525.9 316.6 526.0 0.00 77 41 21892 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.2 259 10 532.7 532.7 317.1 532.7 0.00 78 37 22536 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.4 162 10 551.1 551.1 318.2 551.1 0.00 79 33 23253 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -60.9 248 12 565.2 565.2 318.9 565.2 0.00 80 31 23644 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.8 308 13 575.9 575.9 319.5 575.9 0.00 81 30 23850 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.0 340 14 590.1 590.1 320.2 590.1 0.01 82 28 24290 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.4 354 11 607.4 607.4 320.9 607.4 0.01 83 26 24765 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -55.9 50 10 622.7 622.7 321.6 622.7 0.01 84 26 24765 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -56.2 50 10 621.5 621.5 321.6 621.6 0.01 85 20 26460 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -54.3 145 10 679.8 679.8 323.7 679.8 0.01 86 19 26794 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -54.5 103 4 689.2 689.2 324.1 689.3 0.01 87 18 27148 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -52.6 133 5 709.4 709.4 324.7 709.5 0.02 88 17 27524 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -53.4 164 7 717.9 717.9 325.0 718.0 0.02 89 15 28348 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -52.8 219 9 749.4 749.4 325.9 749.5 0.02 90 15 28348 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.1 219 9 747.4 747.4 325.8 747.5 0.02 91 11 30411 -44.1 -83.1 1 39.0 -51.8 64 10 831.9 832.0 328.0 832.3 0.04 92 10 31050 -44.5 -83.5 1 39.0 -52.5 85 8 853.4 853.5 328.5 853.8 0.04 93 7.9 32643 -38.7 -80.7 0 42.0 -50.9 19 13 936.1 936.2 330.1 936.9 0.08 94 7.3 33183 -39.7 -80.7 0 41.0 -51.7 357 15 953.4 953.5 330.4 954.3 0.08 95 7.0 33470 -38.7 -80.7 0 42.0 -51.5 345 16 969.1 969.1 330.7 970.0 0.08 96 6.7 33770 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -52.0 978.8 978.8 330.8 979.7 0.08 97 6.2 34303 -37.9 -79.9 0 42.0 -51.8 1006.7 1006.8 331.3 1008.0 0.11 98 6.0 34530 -35.5 -78.5 0 43.0 -51.1 1026.6 1026.7 331.6 1028.3 0.14 99 5.9 34648 -34.5 -77.5 0 43.0 -50.8 1035.9 1036.0 331.8 1037.9 0.17 TRP 150 13810 -68.9 -78.9 22 10.0 -68.9 250 74 351.4 351.4 297.0 351.4 0.01 WND 206 11876 -59.1 -71.4 19 12.3 -59.2 255 107 336.3 336.3 293.4 336.4 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5572.00 m Freezing level: 697.60 mb = 3094.61 m = 10152.80 ft Wetbulb zero: 708.10 mb = 2974.38 m = 9758.35 ft Precipitable water: 1.10 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 78.23 % Est. max temperature: 20.36 C = 68.66 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 982.52 mb = 278.41 m = 913.40 ft T: 7.47 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.88 C/km ThetaE index: 4.34 C Layer 792.0- 775.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 990.00 mb = 215.00 m = 705.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 7.77 g/kg Conv temperature: 9.95 C = 49.91 F Cap Strength: 10.25 C Lifted Index: 9.66 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 15.47 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 4.37 C Showalter Index: 6.06 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 40.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.10 C Cross Totals Index: 20.10 C K Index: 26.70 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 251.80 Risk: None Energy Index: 1.73 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 28.68 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.57 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 62898.22 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.09 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 930.60 mb = 736.08 m = 2414.95 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 291 at 42 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 245 12 10.9 5.1 | 126 35 -28.6 20.6 1 945 610 285 23 22.2 -6.0 | 119 20 -17.3 9.6 2 925 787 275 27 26.9 -2.4 | 136 18 -12.6 13.2 3 911 914 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 155 20 -8.6 18.2 4 878 1219 265 45 44.8 3.9 | 195 20 5.3 19.4 5 850 1488 255 46 44.4 11.9 | 190 28 4.9 27.4 6 815 1829 255 50 48.3 12.9 | 197 30 8.8 28.5 7 785 2134 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 204 27 10.7 24.4 8 756 2438 270 50 50.0 -0.0 | 214 19 10.5 15.5 9 728 2743 260 60 59.1 10.4 | 217 33 19.6 25.9 10 702 3048 265 66 65.7 5.8 | 231 34 26.3 21.3 11 700 3067 260 65 64.0 11.3 | 222 36 24.5 26.8 12 649 3658 265 62 61.8 5.4 | 227 31 22.3 20.9 13 601 4267 260 71 69.9 12.3 | 228 41 30.4 27.8 14 556 4877 260 62 61.1 10.8 | 219 34 21.6 26.3 15 535 5182 265 74 73.7 6.4 | 237 41 34.2 22.0 16 500 5710 255 71 68.6 18.4 | 221 45 29.1 33.9 17 495 5791 255 71 68.6 18.4 | 221 45 29.1 33.9 18 475 6096 260 72 70.9 12.5 | 228 42 31.4 28.0 19 403 7315 270 78 78.0 -0.0 | 248 42 38.5 15.5 20 400 7370 265 79 78.7 6.9 | 240 45 39.2 22.4 21 386 7620 265 78 77.7 6.8 | 240 44 38.2 22.3 22 370 7925 260 78 76.8 13.5 | 232 47 37.3 29.1 23 312 9144 260 97 95.5 16.8 | 240 65 56.0 32.4 24 300 9420 255 94 90.8 24.3 | 232 65 51.3 39.8 25 250 10640 250 89 83.6 30.4 | 224 64 44.1 46.0 26 237 10973 250 90 84.6 30.8 | 224 65 45.1 46.3 27 206 11876 255 107 103.4 27.7 | 236 77 63.9 43.2 28 200 12060 260 107 105.4 18.6 | 243 74 65.9 34.1 29 196 12192 255 107 103.4 27.7 | 236 77 63.9 43.2 30 177 12802 265 103 102.6 9.0 | 249 68 63.1 24.5 31 168 13106 270 86 86.0 -0.0 | 252 49 46.5 15.5 32 152 13716 250 71 66.7 24.3 | 214 48 27.2 39.8 33 150 13810 250 74 69.5 25.3 | 216 51 30.0 40.8 34 138 14326 260 80 78.8 13.9 | 233 49 39.3 29.4 35 119 15240 265 57 56.8 5.0 | 220 27 17.3 20.5 36 114 15545 255 47 45.4 12.2 | 192 28 5.9 27.7 37 100 16340 260 52 51.2 9.0 | 206 27 11.7 24.5 38 98 16459 260 51 50.2 8.9 | 204 27 10.7 24.4 39 93 16764 260 61 60.1 10.6 | 218 33 20.6 26.1 40 85 17374 290 44 41.3 -15.0 | 256 2 1.9 0.5 41 81 17678 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 105 16 -15.0 4.1 42 77 17983 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 123 21 -17.8 11.7 43 73 18288 230 21 16.1 13.5 | 141 37 -23.4 29.0 44 70 18560 240 23 19.9 11.5 | 144 33 -19.6 27.0 45 70 18593 230 17 13.0 10.9 | 135 37 -26.5 26.4 46 66 18898 245 23 20.8 9.7 | 144 31 -18.7 25.2 47 60 19507 210 26 13.0 22.5 | 145 46 -26.5 38.0 48 57 19812 250 33 31.0 11.3 | 162 28 -8.5 26.8 49 54 20117 275 31 30.9 -2.7 | 146 15 -8.6 12.8 50 50 20640 230 6 4.6 3.9 | 119 40 -34.9 19.4 51 47 21031 230 6 4.6 3.9 | 119 40 -34.9 19.4 52 45 21336 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 129 31 -24.0 19.7 53 43 21641 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 107 33 -31.3 9.8 54 39 22250 190 10 1.7 9.8 | 124 45 -37.8 25.4 55 37 22555 160 10 -3.4 9.4 | 120 50 -42.9 24.9 56 33 23165 235 12 9.8 6.9 | 127 37 -29.7 22.4 57 30 23850 340 14 4.8 -13.2 | 94 35 -34.7 2.4 58 29 24079 340 16 5.5 -15.0 | 91 34 -34.0 0.5 59 28 24384 360 9 -0.0 -9.0 | 99 40 -39.5 6.5 60 26 24689 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 100 47 -46.6 8.4 61 20 26460 145 10 -5.7 8.2 | 118 51 -45.2 23.7 62 20 26518 80 3 -3.0 -0.5 | 109 45 -42.5 15.0 63 17 27432 155 6 -2.5 5.4 | 117 47 -42.0 21.0 64 16 27737 180 10 0.0 10.0 | 123 47 -39.5 25.5 65 16 28042 210 14 7.0 12.1 | 130 43 -32.5 27.6 66 15 28346 210 10 5.0 8.7 | 125 42 -34.5 24.2 67 14 28651 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 111 42 -39.5 15.5 68 13 29261 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 98 40 -39.5 5.5 69 13 29566 35 12 -6.9 -9.8 | 97 47 -46.4 5.7 70 10 31050 85 8 -8.0 -0.7 | 107 50 -47.5 14.8 71 7 33470 345 16 4.1 -15.5 | 90 35 -35.4 0.1 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 261.5 at 56.6 knts Storm direction: 291.5 at 42.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.6 neg: 6.1 tot: 10.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 97.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 282.1 neg: -67.7 tot: 214.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 71.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.40 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.8 stream: 6.3 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.15 Bulk Shear: 195.02 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 274 19 124 25| 17.3 0.0 17.3| 25.1 -19.8 5.4 10.8 0.05| 20.3 0.9 1000 270 26 140 20| 8.7 10.9 19.5|136.6 -19.8 116.9 116.9 0.54| 21.9 11.9 1500 264 33 161 20| 5.8 9.4 15.2|152.3 -30.5 121.8 81.2 0.44| 18.2 8.0 2000 262 38 174 21| 6.0 7.1 13.0|192.6 -30.5 162.1 81.1 0.47| 15.7 7.4 2500 263 41 182 21| 4.8 7.3 12.1|216.7 -30.5 186.2 74.5 0.42| 16.2 6.8 3000 263 44 192 22| 4.6 6.1 10.8|282.1 -67.7 214.4 71.5 0.40| 15.8 6.3 4000 263 50 204 24| 3.7 5.7 9.4|302.5 -67.9 234.6 58.6 0.37| 13.6 5.0 5000 262 53 210 26| 4.0 4.1 8.1|402.9-115.5 287.4 57.5 0.35| 13.0 4.6 6000 261 57 215 29| 3.9 3.8 7.7|484.2-245.9 238.3 39.7 0.27| 12.5 3.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250420.00.gif