UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 19 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 19 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 83 SFC 984 215 12.4 10.8 90 1.6 11.4 230 16 286.9 288.3 285.3 310.0 8.29 2 970 336 12.0 12.0 100 0.0 12.0 236 28 287.6 289.2 286.4 313.1 9.11 3 957 451 14.6 14.1 97 0.5 14.3 242 39 291.4 293.3 289.2 321.5 10.62 4 944 569 17.4 15.3 87 2.1 16.0 248 50 295.4 297.5 291.4 328.9 11.66 5 937 633 17.8 14.7 82 3.1 15.8 251 54 296.4 298.5 291.5 329.0 11.29 6 925 744 17.0 14.5 85 2.5 15.4 255 56 296.7 298.7 291.5 329.3 11.29 7 908 902 15.6 14.4 93 1.2 14.8 255 52 296.8 298.9 291.7 329.9 11.43 8 900 978 15.2 14.5 96 0.7 14.7 257 50 297.2 299.3 291.9 330.8 11.61 9 850 1462 12.8 12.4 97 0.4 12.6 265 36 299.6 301.5 292.0 330.9 10.70 10 843 1532 12.2 12.2 100 0.0 12.2 265 35 299.6 301.6 291.9 330.8 10.65 11 792 2053 9.6 8.8 95 0.8 9.1 274 37 302.3 303.9 291.5 329.0 9.01 12 707 2987 3.0 3.0 100 0.0 3.0 279 44 304.9 306.2 290.3 325.3 6.73 13 700 3068 2.6 2.6 100 0.0 2.6 280 44 305.4 306.6 290.4 325.4 6.61 14 611 4156 -3.9 -3.9 100 0.0 -3.9 257 46 310.0 310.9 290.2 324.6 4.69 15 609 4182 -3.9 -3.9 100 0.0 -3.9 257 45 310.3 311.2 290.3 325.0 4.71 16 595 4365 -4.3 -4.5 99 0.2 -4.4 254 46 311.9 312.8 290.7 326.4 4.61 17 593 4392 -4.1 -4.9 94 0.8 -4.5 253 47 312.4 313.3 290.7 326.6 4.48 18 591 4419 -4.5 -6.1 89 1.6 -5.2 253 47 312.3 313.0 290.3 325.2 4.10 19 545 5053 -7.9 -8.0 99 0.1 -7.9 250 43 315.5 316.3 291.1 327.9 3.84 20 541 5111 -8.1 -9.2 92 1.1 -8.5 250 43 316.0 316.6 291.0 327.3 3.52 21 540 5125 -8.3 -8.6 98 0.3 -8.4 250 43 315.9 316.6 291.1 327.8 3.70 22 536 5183 -8.5 -11.5 79 3.0 -9.6 250 42 316.3 316.9 290.6 326.0 2.96 23 529 5285 -8.9 -13.9 67 5.0 -10.7 252 44 317.0 317.5 290.3 325.2 2.47 24 508 5598 -10.7 -16.7 61 6.0 -12.7 258 53 318.5 318.9 290.4 325.4 2.04 25 505 5643 -11.1 -17.1 61 6.0 -13.1 259 54 318.6 319.0 290.3 325.2 1.98 26 501 5705 -11.1 -18.1 56 7.0 -13.3 260 56 319.3 319.7 290.4 325.5 1.84 27 500 5720 -11.1 -18.1 56 7.0 -13.3 260 56 319.5 319.9 290.5 325.7 1.84 28 461 6336 -16.3 -20.9 68 4.6 -17.6 261 58 320.5 320.8 290.5 325.9 1.57 29 454 6451 -16.9 -21.8 66 4.9 -18.3 261 59 321.2 321.5 290.6 326.2 1.47 30 452 6484 -16.7 -22.7 60 6.0 -18.3 261 60 321.8 322.1 290.7 326.5 1.37 31 448 6551 -17.1 -22.1 65 5.0 -18.4 262 60 322.2 322.4 290.9 327.1 1.45 32 439 6703 -18.5 -23.1 67 4.6 -19.7 262 62 322.3 322.5 290.9 326.9 1.36 33 431 6840 -19.1 -28.1 45 9.0 -21.1 263 63 323.2 323.4 290.6 326.3 0.88 34 418 7066 -21.1 -27.1 58 6.0 -22.4 264 66 323.5 323.7 290.9 327.0 0.99 35 407 7263 -22.1 -30.1 48 8.0 -23.7 264 68 324.7 324.8 291.0 327.4 0.77 36 404 7317 -22.3 -28.3 58 6.0 -23.5 265 68 325.1 325.3 291.2 328.3 0.92 37 402 7353 -22.3 -29.3 53 7.0 -23.7 265 69 325.5 325.7 291.3 328.6 0.84 38 400 7390 -22.7 -29.7 53 7.0 -24.1 265 69 325.5 325.6 291.3 328.4 0.81 39 382 7726 -25.7 -30.5 64 4.8 -26.6 265 73 325.8 326.0 291.3 328.7 0.79 40 380 7765 -25.9 -34.9 43 9.0 -27.3 265 73 326.1 326.2 291.2 328.0 0.52 41 377 7822 -26.3 -36.3 38 10.0 -27.8 265 73 326.3 326.4 291.2 328.0 0.45 42 361 8135 -28.5 -33.5 62 5.0 -29.3 265 75 327.4 327.5 291.6 329.7 0.63 43 360 8155 -28.9 -34.9 56 6.0 -29.8 265 75 327.1 327.2 291.5 329.2 0.55 44 359 8175 -29.1 -34.1 62 5.0 -29.9 265 76 327.1 327.2 291.5 329.3 0.59 45 353 8295 -30.1 -37.1 50 7.0 -31.0 265 76 327.4 327.5 291.5 329.0 0.45 46 346 8438 -31.5 -37.5 55 6.0 -32.3 265 77 327.3 327.4 291.4 329.0 0.44 47 344 8479 -31.9 -39.9 45 8.0 -32.8 265 78 327.3 327.4 291.3 328.6 0.35 48 343 8499 -32.1 -39.1 50 7.0 -32.9 265 78 327.4 327.4 291.3 328.8 0.38 49 340 8561 -32.5 -40.5 45 8.0 -33.4 265 78 327.6 327.7 291.4 328.9 0.33 50 327 8835 -35.1 -41.1 54 6.0 -35.7 265 80 327.7 327.8 291.4 328.9 0.32 51 318 9030 -36.9 -43.9 48 7.0 -37.5 265 81 327.9 327.9 291.4 328.8 0.24 52 316 9073 -37.5 -42.5 60 5.0 -37.9 265 81 327.6 327.7 291.3 328.7 0.29 53 314 9117 -37.7 -43.7 53 6.0 -38.2 265 82 327.9 328.0 291.4 328.9 0.25 54 305 9317 -39.9 -44.4 62 4.5 -40.2 265 83 327.6 327.6 291.3 328.5 0.24 55 303 9362 -40.3 -44.7 63 4.4 -40.6 265 83 327.6 327.7 291.3 328.5 0.24 56 300 9430 -40.7 -45.7 59 5.0 -41.1 265 83 328.0 328.0 291.4 328.8 0.21 57 250 10640 -51.9 -56.9 55 5.0 -52.0 270 99 328.9 328.9 291.5 329.2 0.07 58 200 12040 -64.3 -67.4 66 3.1 -64.3 275 110 330.9 330.9 292.0 331.0 0.02 59 188 12419 -65.9 -69.8 58 3.9 -66.0 285 119 334.2 334.3 292.9 334.3 0.02 60 160 13391 -70.1 -76.1 41 6.0 -70.1 270 76 342.9 342.9 295.0 343.0 0.01 61 150 13780 -65.9 -77.9 17 12.0 -66.0 255 83 356.6 356.6 298.0 356.6 0.01 62 100 16320 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.1 275 39 416.2 416.2 307.3 416.3 0.00 63 98 16447 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.3 293 46 418.3 418.3 307.5 418.3 0.00 64 95 16643 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.1 291 38 422.4 422.4 308.0 422.4 0.00 65 94 16710 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -55.3 289 35 429.6 429.6 308.8 429.6 0.00 66 92 16847 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -54.0 286 29 435.0 435.0 309.4 435.0 0.00 67 70 18550 -66.7 -88.7 3 22.0 -66.9 250 40 441.7 441.7 310.0 441.7 0.00 68 68 18725 -67.7 -89.7 3 22.0 -67.8 247 37 443.2 443.2 310.2 443.2 0.00 69 66 18906 -66.9 -89.9 3 23.0 -67.1 258 40 448.7 448.8 310.7 448.8 0.00 70 64 19095 -62.3 -89.3 2 27.0 -62.6 292 33 462.8 462.8 312.0 462.8 0.00 71 63 19192 -62.1 -88.1 2 26.0 -62.4 309 30 465.3 465.3 312.3 465.4 0.00 72 57 19808 -65.1 -89.1 2 24.0 -65.4 280 24 472.0 472.1 312.8 472.1 0.00 73 52 20375 -60.7 -88.7 1 28.0 -61.2 295 28 494.9 494.9 314.6 494.9 0.00 74 51 20496 -61.1 -88.1 2 27.0 -61.6 318 23 496.7 496.7 314.7 496.7 0.00 75 50 20620 -59.9 -88.9 1 29.0 -60.5 355 16 502.3 502.3 315.1 502.3 0.00 76 48 20877 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 1 13 514.9 514.9 315.9 514.9 0.00 77 45 21283 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.3 46 9 518.2 518.2 316.2 518.2 0.00 78 44 21423 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.5 89 9 524.0 524.0 316.5 524.0 0.00 79 41 21866 -59.7 -88.7 1 29.0 -60.4 193 13 532.2 532.2 317.1 532.2 0.00 80 39 22181 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -57.8 205 11 547.4 547.4 317.9 547.4 0.00 81 32 23431 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.0 314 5 576.1 576.1 319.5 576.1 0.01 82 30 23840 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -57.3 20 6 592.2 592.2 320.3 592.3 0.01 83 29 24056 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.1 32 8 599.1 599.1 320.6 599.2 0.01 84 27 24511 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.8 82 10 609.2 609.2 321.0 609.3 0.01 85 25 24999 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.9 110 10 622.8 622.8 321.6 622.9 0.01 86 23 25532 -53.9 -86.9 1 33.0 -56.1 130 10 644.9 644.9 322.5 645.0 0.01 87 21 26116 -54.3 -87.3 1 33.0 -56.6 152 10 660.7 660.7 323.1 660.7 0.01 88 20 26430 -52.1 -86.1 1 34.0 -55.0 180 4 676.7 676.7 323.7 676.8 0.01 89 18 27114 -50.3 -86.3 1 36.0 -53.9 132 8 703.1 703.1 324.6 703.2 0.01 90 16 27884 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -53.6 42 10 730.4 730.4 325.4 730.6 0.02 91 15 28306 -50.3 -86.3 1 36.0 -54.5 43 11 740.7 740.7 325.7 740.8 0.02 92 15 28306 -48.5 -85.5 1 37.0 -53.3 43 11 746.7 746.7 325.8 746.8 0.02 93 13 29245 -49.3 -86.3 1 37.0 -54.2 120 14 775.1 775.1 326.6 775.3 0.02 94 11 30347 -46.1 -85.1 0 39.0 -52.9 136 14 824.7 824.7 327.8 824.9 0.03 95 10 30980 -46.5 -85.5 0 39.0 -53.5 125 18 846.0 846.0 328.3 846.2 0.03 96 8.6 31996 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -51.1 108 17 907.4 907.5 329.6 908.1 0.06 97 7.0 33400 -40.9 -81.9 0 41.0 -52.4 85 15 960.0 960.0 330.5 960.7 0.07 98 6.9 33498 -41.1 -82.1 0 41.0 -52.5 963.1 963.1 330.6 963.8 0.07 99 6.2 34230 -38.1 -80.1 0 42.0 -51.9 1005.9 1005.9 331.3 1007.1 0.11 100 5.5 35066 -31.7 -75.7 0 44.0 -50.3 1069.3 1069.4 332.2 1072.3 0.24 101 5.3 35328 -31.3 -75.3 0 44.0 -50.4 1082.4 1082.6 332.4 1085.9 0.26 TRP 160 13391 -70.1 -76.1 41 6.0 -70.1 270 76 342.9 342.9 295.0 343.0 0.01 WND 188 12419 -65.9 -69.8 58 3.9 -66.0 285 119 334.2 334.3 292.9 334.3 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5637.00 m Freezing level: 664.40 mb = 3503.11 m = 11493.00 ft Wetbulb zero: 664.45 mb = 3484.93 m = 11433.35 ft Precipitable water: 1.52 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 93.22 % Est. max temperature: 25.55 C = 78.00 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 960.62 mb = 419.14 m = 1375.10 ft T: 13.87 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.17 C/km ThetaE index: 5.59 C Layer 843.0- 700.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 984.00 mb = 215.00 m = 705.37 ft Mean mixing ratio: 10.82 g/kg Conv temperature: 14.82 C = 58.68 F Cap Strength: 2.49 C Lifted Index: 2.53 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 2.70 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 0.06 C Showalter Index: -0.28 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 47.40 C Risk: Scattered moderate thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 23.90 C Cross Totals Index: 23.50 C K Index: 36.30 Risk: > 80 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 276.80 Risk: None Energy Index: -1.12 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 55.27 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 10.51 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 131.91 J/kg Cap Strength: 2.49 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 915.35 mb = 833.55 m = 2734.70 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 680.35 mb = 3295.72 m = 10812.60 ft Equ Level (EL): 600.35 mb = 4294.61 m = 14089.76 ft B at Equ Level: 53.62 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 510.35 mb = 5562.19 m = 18248.45 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 292 at 34 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 984 215 230 16 12.3 10.3 | 140 30 -19.1 22.6 1 940 610 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 212 36 19.4 30.8 2 925 744 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 220 35 22.8 26.8 3 907 914 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 216 32 18.9 25.8 4 875 1219 265 41 40.8 3.6 | 211 19 9.5 15.9 5 850 1462 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 196 16 4.6 15.5 6 844 1524 265 35 34.9 3.1 | 193 16 3.6 15.4 7 813 1829 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 205 14 5.7 12.3 8 784 2134 275 37 36.9 -3.2 | 211 11 5.5 9.1 9 755 2438 275 39 38.9 -3.4 | 220 12 7.5 8.9 10 728 2743 275 43 42.8 -3.7 | 233 14 11.5 8.6 11 702 3048 280 44 43.3 -7.6 | 249 13 12.0 4.7 12 700 3068 280 44 43.3 -7.6 | 249 13 12.0 4.7 13 650 3658 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 225 23 16.5 16.5 14 601 4267 255 45 43.5 11.6 | 207 27 12.2 24.0 15 578 4572 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 208 33 15.7 29.4 16 556 4877 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 202 30 11.0 27.7 17 535 5182 250 42 39.5 14.4 | 197 28 8.2 26.7 18 500 5720 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 227 32 23.8 22.1 19 476 6096 260 56 55.1 9.7 | 227 32 23.8 22.1 20 400 7390 265 69 68.7 6.0 | 244 42 37.4 18.4 21 387 7620 265 72 71.7 6.3 | 245 44 40.4 18.6 22 312 9144 265 82 81.7 7.1 | 249 54 50.4 19.5 23 300 9430 265 83 82.7 7.2 | 249 55 51.4 19.6 24 250 10640 270 99 99.0 -0.0 | 260 69 67.7 12.3 25 215 11582 270 106 106.0 -0.0 | 261 76 74.7 12.3 26 200 12040 275 110 109.6 -9.6 | 268 78 78.3 2.8 27 188 12419 285 119 114.9 -30.8 | 282 86 83.6 -18.5 28 186 12497 285 119 114.9 -30.8 | 282 86 83.6 -18.5 29 160 13391 270 76 76.0 -0.0 | 255 46 44.7 12.3 30 159 13411 275 75 74.7 -6.5 | 262 44 43.4 5.8 31 152 13716 260 75 73.9 13.0 | 239 50 42.5 25.4 32 150 13780 255 83 80.2 21.5 | 235 59 48.9 33.8 33 144 14021 265 88 87.7 7.7 | 250 60 56.4 20.0 34 125 14935 280 61 60.1 -10.6 | 267 29 28.8 1.7 35 119 15240 285 68 65.7 -17.6 | 279 35 34.4 -5.3 36 113 15545 290 54 50.7 -18.5 | 288 20 19.4 -6.1 37 108 15850 295 67 60.7 -28.3 | 299 33 29.4 -16.0 38 100 16320 275 39 38.9 -3.4 | 220 12 7.5 8.9 39 98 16459 295 47 42.6 -19.9 | 304 14 11.3 -7.5 40 89 17069 280 18 17.7 -3.1 | 124 16 -13.6 9.2 41 84 17374 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 127 20 -16.3 12.3 42 80 17678 250 20 18.8 6.8 | 147 23 -12.5 19.2 43 73 18288 240 30 26.0 15.0 | 169 28 -5.3 27.3 44 70 18550 250 40 37.6 13.7 | 194 27 6.3 26.0 45 70 18593 240 34 29.4 17.0 | 176 29 -1.9 29.3 46 66 18898 255 40 38.6 10.4 | 198 24 7.3 22.7 47 63 19202 310 30 23.0 -19.3 | 50 11 -8.3 -6.9 48 60 19507 300 20 17.3 -10.0 | 100 14 -14.0 2.3 49 57 19812 280 24 23.6 -4.2 | 137 11 -7.7 8.2 50 54 20117 295 32 29.0 -13.5 | 63 3 -2.3 -1.2 51 52 20422 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 98 7 -6.8 0.9 52 50 20620 355 16 1.4 -15.9 | 83 30 -29.9 -3.6 53 47 21031 5 11 -1.0 -11.0 | 92 32 -32.3 1.4 54 45 21336 55 8 -6.6 -4.6 | 102 39 -37.9 7.8 55 43 21641 170 10 -1.7 9.8 | 124 40 -33.0 22.2 56 41 21946 200 14 4.8 13.2 | 134 37 -26.5 25.5 57 35 22860 220 3 1.9 2.3 | 116 33 -29.4 14.6 58 30 23840 20 6 -2.1 -5.6 | 101 34 -33.4 6.7 59 28 24384 50 10 -7.7 -6.4 | 99 39 -39.0 5.9 60 26 24689 125 10 -8.2 5.7 | 115 43 -39.5 18.1 61 25 24994 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 111 44 -40.7 15.8 62 21 26213 155 10 -4.2 9.1 | 121 41 -35.5 21.4 63 20 26430 180 4 0.0 4.0 | 118 35 -31.3 16.3 64 17 27432 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 111 44 -40.7 15.8 65 16 28042 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 | 95 35 -34.7 2.9 66 13 29261 120 14 -12.1 7.0 | 114 48 -43.4 19.3 67 12 29566 150 10 -5.0 8.7 | 120 42 -36.3 21.0 68 10 30980 125 18 -14.7 10.3 | 116 51 -46.1 22.7 69 7 33400 85 15 -14.9 -1.3 | 103 48 -46.3 11.0 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 261.5 at 44.9 knts Storm direction: 291.5 at 33.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.3 neg: 0.9 tot: 6.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 101.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 395.2 neg: -53.7 tot: 341.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 113.9 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.52 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 14.8 stream: 7.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.13 Bulk Rich Number: 3.01 Bulk Shear: 18.35 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 247 39 190 28| 42.6 0.0 42.6|351.9 0.0 351.9 703.8 0.97| 45.5 44.2 1000 253 44 204 28| 15.2 0.0 15.2|353.0 -24.5 328.4 328.4 0.64| 31.7 20.4 1500 257 42 203 24| 8.8 0.0 8.8|359.8 -48.2 311.6 207.7 0.52| 24.0 12.4 2000 260 41 205 21| 7.3 0.0 7.3|369.8 -48.2 321.7 160.8 0.52| 19.3 10.1 2500 263 40 207 19| 5.9 1.0 6.9|382.7 -48.2 334.6 133.8 0.54| 16.5 8.9 3000 266 41 212 18| 5.3 0.9 6.2|395.2 -53.7 341.6 113.9 0.52| 14.8 7.7 4000 266 42 215 19| 4.0 2.1 6.1|395.2-128.3 266.9 66.7 0.31| 13.4 4.2 5000 262 43 213 21| 2.9 2.2 5.1|401.7-174.7 227.0 45.4 0.23| 12.1 2.8 6000 262 45 215 23| 3.8 1.8 5.7|527.7-174.7 352.9 58.8 0.32| 11.5 3.7 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250419.12.gif