UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041900.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 19 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 19 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 67 SFC 983 215 18.8 12.8 68 6.0 15.1 345 3 293.4 295.1 288.9 320.5 9.48 2 979 250 19.8 11.8 60 8.0 14.8 335 5 294.7 296.3 288.9 320.4 8.91 3 967 357 21.0 11.0 53 10.0 14.8 304 11 297.0 298.5 289.3 321.9 8.55 4 956 456 21.4 9.4 46 12.0 14.1 275 16 298.4 299.8 289.1 321.1 7.76 5 951 501 21.4 9.4 46 12.0 14.1 262 19 298.8 300.2 289.3 321.7 7.80 6 925 741 19.8 8.8 49 11.0 13.2 230 28 299.6 301.0 289.5 322.3 7.70 7 850 1462 13.8 6.8 63 7.0 9.7 225 39 300.6 301.9 289.5 322.3 7.31 8 826 1703 11.8 5.8 67 6.0 8.4 228 44 301.0 302.2 289.3 321.8 7.01 9 803 1939 10.2 5.2 71 5.0 7.4 235 47 301.7 303.0 289.5 322.3 6.92 10 792 2054 10.0 4.0 66 6.0 6.7 241 48 302.7 303.9 289.3 322.0 6.45 11 785 2127 9.8 2.8 62 7.0 6.0 245 49 303.2 304.3 289.1 321.2 5.97 12 770 2288 9.2 3.2 66 6.0 5.9 252 47 304.3 305.4 289.8 323.2 6.26 13 765 2342 9.6 0.6 53 9.0 4.9 255 46 305.3 306.2 289.1 321.2 5.23 14 755 2451 8.8 0.8 57 8.0 4.6 260 44 305.5 306.5 289.3 322.0 5.37 15 748 2528 10.2 -5.8 32 16.0 2.7 259 46 307.9 308.5 288.2 318.3 3.31 16 747 2539 10.2 -5.8 32 16.0 2.7 258 46 308.0 308.6 288.2 318.4 3.32 17 721 2833 8.4 -5.6 37 14.0 1.8 256 50 309.2 309.8 288.8 320.2 3.49 18 700 3077 6.0 -3.0 52 9.0 1.6 260 48 309.1 310.0 289.6 322.8 4.38 19 690 3194 5.2 -2.8 56 8.0 1.3 261 48 309.5 310.4 289.9 323.6 4.51 20 686 3242 5.2 -3.8 52 9.0 0.8 261 48 310.0 310.8 289.8 323.2 4.21 21 680 3313 4.6 -1.4 65 6.0 1.5 262 48 310.1 311.1 290.6 326.0 5.08 22 665 3494 3.2 -1.8 70 5.0 0.7 263 47 310.6 311.5 290.6 326.3 5.04 23 656 3604 2.8 -5.2 56 8.0 -1.0 264 47 311.3 312.1 289.9 323.8 3.96 24 615 4122 -1.9 -7.9 63 6.0 -4.5 265 39 311.7 312.4 289.6 322.6 3.43 25 581 4571 -4.7 -12.7 54 8.0 -7.7 272 41 313.6 314.0 289.2 321.6 2.48 26 549 5013 -8.1 -16.1 53 8.0 -10.8 282 50 314.6 315.0 289.1 321.2 1.98 27 517 5476 -12.5 -17.0 69 4.5 -13.9 288 57 314.8 315.1 289.1 321.2 1.95 28 512 5550 -12.9 -20.9 51 8.0 -15.2 288 57 315.2 315.4 288.7 319.9 1.41 29 508 5610 -13.5 -19.5 61 6.0 -15.3 289 58 315.1 315.5 288.9 320.5 1.61 30 500 5730 -14.5 -19.5 66 5.0 -15.9 290 59 315.4 315.7 289.0 320.8 1.63 31 475 6117 -18.1 -19.1 92 1.0 -18.4 285 63 315.6 315.9 289.2 321.5 1.78 32 462 6324 -19.9 -21.9 84 2.0 -20.4 285 67 315.8 316.1 288.9 320.7 1.43 33 454 6453 -20.9 -27.9 53 7.0 -22.3 285 69 316.2 316.3 288.5 319.1 0.85 34 452 6486 -21.1 -28.1 53 7.0 -22.5 285 68 316.3 316.5 288.5 319.2 0.84 35 445 6601 -22.1 -28.1 58 6.0 -23.3 285 68 316.5 316.6 288.5 319.4 0.85 36 442 6651 -22.5 -29.5 53 7.0 -23.8 285 67 316.6 316.7 288.5 319.2 0.75 37 439 6701 -22.5 -35.5 30 13.0 -24.5 285 67 317.2 317.3 288.3 318.7 0.42 38 433 6802 -23.3 -38.3 24 15.0 -25.4 285 66 317.4 317.5 288.3 318.6 0.32 39 428 6887 -22.9 -41.9 16 19.0 -25.3 285 65 319.0 319.0 288.7 319.8 0.23 40 405 7290 -26.1 -39.1 28 13.0 -27.8 285 62 319.9 320.0 289.1 321.1 0.32 41 400 7380 -26.3 -41.3 23 15.0 -28.1 285 63 320.8 320.9 289.3 321.8 0.26 42 391 7544 -27.7 -44.7 18 17.0 -29.5 282 64 321.1 321.1 289.3 321.8 0.18 43 388 7599 -28.1 -44.1 20 16.0 -29.7 281 64 321.3 321.3 289.3 322.0 0.20 44 385 7654 -28.5 -39.5 34 11.0 -29.8 280 64 321.4 321.5 289.6 322.6 0.32 45 381 7729 -28.9 -47.9 14 19.0 -30.6 281 64 321.9 321.9 289.5 322.4 0.13 46 374 7861 -29.9 -48.9 14 19.0 -31.5 282 65 322.3 322.3 289.6 322.7 0.12 47 371 7918 -30.3 -41.3 33 11.0 -31.5 282 65 322.5 322.5 289.8 323.5 0.28 48 370 7938 -30.5 -43.5 27 13.0 -31.8 282 65 322.5 322.5 289.8 323.3 0.22 49 366 8015 -31.1 -40.1 41 9.0 -32.1 282 65 322.7 322.7 289.9 323.8 0.32 50 363 8073 -31.7 -41.7 37 10.0 -32.7 283 65 322.6 322.7 289.9 323.6 0.27 51 356 8210 -32.7 -40.7 45 8.0 -33.6 284 66 323.1 323.1 290.0 324.2 0.31 52 341 8511 -34.3 -41.3 49 7.0 -35.0 286 67 324.9 325.0 290.6 326.0 0.30 53 315 9059 -39.7 -42.7 73 3.0 -39.9 289 69 324.8 324.9 290.5 325.9 0.28 54 313 9102 -40.1 -44.5 63 4.4 -40.4 290 69 324.9 324.9 290.5 325.8 0.23 55 306 9256 -41.3 -44.7 70 3.4 -41.5 288 72 325.3 325.4 290.6 326.2 0.23 56 300 9390 -42.3 -46.7 62 4.4 -42.6 285 75 325.7 325.8 290.7 326.5 0.19 57 250 10600 -52.3 -58.3 48 6.0 -52.5 285 76 328.3 328.3 291.3 328.5 0.06 58 215 11559 -58.2 -67.0 32 8.7 -58.4 285 88 333.6 333.6 292.7 333.6 0.02 59 200 12010 -61.1 -71.1 25 10.0 -61.2 290 78 336.0 336.0 293.3 336.1 0.01 60 178 12724 -65.1 -74.1 28 9.0 -65.2 285 66 340.8 340.8 294.6 340.9 0.01 61 150 13770 -62.5 -82.5 5 20.0 -62.6 290 62 362.4 362.4 299.2 362.4 0.00 62 100 16280 -60.5 -87.5 2 27.0 -60.8 295 60 410.8 410.8 306.6 410.8 0.00 63 92 16801 -58.3 -86.3 2 28.0 -58.7 296 53 425.1 425.1 308.3 425.1 0.00 64 80 17669 -62.7 -88.7 2 26.0 -63.0 300 33 433.4 433.4 309.2 433.4 0.00 65 74 18152 -59.1 -87.1 1 28.0 -59.5 300 39 450.7 450.7 310.9 450.7 0.00 66 72 18324 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.1 299 34 453.0 453.0 311.1 453.0 0.00 67 70 18500 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 295 27 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.7 0.00 68 69 18591 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 295 39 461.6 461.6 311.9 461.6 0.00 69 62 19262 -59.7 -87.7 1 28.0 -60.2 303 23 472.8 472.8 312.9 472.8 0.00 70 59 19573 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.5 299 17 483.6 483.6 313.7 483.6 0.00 71 54 20128 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.6 346 10 490.9 490.9 314.3 490.9 0.00 72 50 20610 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.6 270 15 504.7 504.7 315.3 504.7 0.00 73 48 20866 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -59.0 257 15 512.0 512.0 315.8 512.1 0.00 74 47 20998 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -60.0 260 17 512.7 512.7 315.8 512.7 0.00 75 43 21559 -56.3 -87.3 1 31.0 -57.3 292 12 533.3 533.3 317.1 533.3 0.00 76 37 22509 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -58.9 298 11 552.6 552.6 318.2 552.7 0.00 77 30 23840 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -56.5 50 8 595.0 595.0 320.4 595.0 0.01 78 23 25540 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.8 52 10 642.5 642.5 322.4 642.6 0.01 79 23 25540 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.8 52 10 646.1 646.1 322.5 646.1 0.01 80 22 25826 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.9 51 10 654.3 654.3 322.9 654.4 0.01 81 22 25826 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.7 51 10 654.9 654.9 322.9 655.0 0.01 82 20 26440 -53.1 -86.1 1 33.0 -55.8 15 4 673.6 673.6 323.6 673.7 0.01 83 19 26770 -53.1 -87.1 1 34.0 -55.9 2 0 683.6 683.6 323.9 683.7 0.01 84 19 26770 -50.9 -85.9 1 35.0 -54.2 2 0 690.4 690.4 324.1 690.5 0.01 85 17 27495 -50.3 -85.3 1 35.0 -54.1 58 8 714.7 714.7 324.9 714.8 0.02 86 15 28313 -48.9 -84.9 1 36.0 -53.5 89 11 745.4 745.4 325.8 745.5 0.02 87 13 29251 -49.5 -85.5 1 36.0 -54.4 42 1 774.4 774.4 326.6 774.6 0.02 88 13 29251 -48.3 -84.3 1 36.0 -53.6 42 1 778.6 778.6 326.7 778.8 0.02 89 12 29780 -46.7 -84.7 1 38.0 -52.9 26 11 802.3 802.3 327.3 802.5 0.03 90 10 31000 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -51.5 150 8 860.9 860.9 328.7 861.3 0.04 91 9.1 31642 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -50.4 146 8 896.7 896.7 329.4 897.3 0.06 92 9.0 31718 -39.3 -81.3 0 42.0 -50.5 146 8 899.5 899.6 329.4 900.2 0.06 93 8.7 31951 -38.9 -80.9 0 42.0 -50.5 144 8 909.9 909.9 329.6 910.6 0.07 94 8.0 32524 -40.7 -81.7 0 41.0 -51.7 141 8 924.8 924.8 329.9 925.5 0.06 95 7.5 32966 -38.7 -80.7 0 42.0 -51.1 138 8 950.1 950.2 330.4 951.0 0.08 96 7.0 33440 -38.9 -80.9 0 42.0 -51.6 135 8 968.2 968.3 330.7 969.2 0.08 97 5.9 34624 -34.7 -77.7 0 43.0 -51.0 188 9 1035.0 1035.1 331.8 1037.0 0.16 98 5.5 35114 -35.5 -78.5 0 43.0 -51.6 210 9 1052.4 1052.5 332.0 1054.3 0.15 99 5.1 35642 -34.1 -77.1 0 43.0 -51.5 234 10 1081.7 1081.9 332.4 1084.4 0.21 100 5.0 35780 -34.9 -77.9 0 43.0 -52.0 240 10 1084.2 1084.4 332.5 1086.6 0.19 101 4.8 36067 -32.1 -76.1 0 44.0 -51.2 1109.9 1110.0 332.8 1113.3 0.26 TRP 178 12724 -65.1 -74.1 28 9.0 -65.2 285 66 340.8 340.8 294.6 340.9 0.01 WND 215 11559 -58.2 -67.0 32 8.7 -58.4 285 88 333.6 333.6 292.7 333.6 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5663.00 m Freezing level: 631.57 mb = 3912.53 m = 12836.22 ft Wetbulb zero: 661.36 mb = 3538.74 m = 11609.90 ft Precipitable water: 1.04 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 56.60 % Est. max temperature: 26.24 C = 79.23 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 899.21 mb = 982.13 m = 3222.17 ft T: 17.79 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.73 C/km ThetaE index: 1.97 C Layer 765.0- 755.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 680.94 mb = 3302.14 m = 10833.65 ft Mean mixing ratio: 7.89 g/kg Conv temperature: 35.46 C = 95.82 F Cap Strength: 6.08 C Lifted Index: 0.86 C Risk: Showers probable Lifted Index @300 mb: 3.32 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 4.81 C Showalter Index: 0.66 C Risk: Thunderstorms probable Total Totals Index: 49.60 C Risk: Scattered heavy thunderstorms Vertical Totals Index: 28.30 C Cross Totals Index: 21.30 C K Index: 26.10 Risk: 40-60 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 368.89 Risk: Showers and thunderstorms possible Energy Index: -0.24 Risk: Scattered severe thunderstorms Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 21.92 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 6.62 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 551.88 J/kg Cap Strength: 6.02 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 799.32 mb = 1976.90 m = 6485.80 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 464.32 mb = 6286.16 m = 20623.64 ft Equ Level (EL): 434.32 mb = 6779.48 m = 22242.13 ft B at Equ Level: 18.88 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 404.32 mb = 7302.15 m = 23956.90 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 293 at 33 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 983 215 345 3 0.8 -2.9 | 109 31 -29.7 10.0 1 939 610 230 25 19.2 16.1 | 159 31 -11.4 29.0 2 925 741 230 28 21.4 18.0 | 164 32 -9.1 30.9 3 906 914 225 30 21.2 21.2 | 165 35 -9.3 34.1 4 875 1219 225 34 24.0 24.0 | 170 37 -6.5 36.9 5 850 1462 225 39 27.6 27.6 | 176 41 -2.9 40.5 6 813 1829 230 46 35.2 29.6 | 186 43 4.7 42.5 7 784 2134 245 49 44.4 20.7 | 202 36 13.9 33.6 8 756 2438 260 44 43.3 7.6 | 212 24 12.8 20.5 9 729 2743 255 51 49.3 13.2 | 216 32 18.7 26.1 10 700 3077 260 48 47.3 8.3 | 218 27 16.7 21.2 11 650 3658 265 47 46.8 4.1 | 224 24 16.3 17.0 12 602 4267 265 36 35.9 3.1 | 198 17 5.3 16.0 13 557 4877 280 48 47.3 -8.3 | 255 17 16.7 4.6 14 536 5182 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 273 22 21.6 -1.1 15 500 5730 290 59 55.4 -20.2 | 286 26 24.9 -7.3 16 476 6096 285 63 60.9 -16.3 | 276 31 30.3 -3.4 17 457 6401 285 69 66.6 -17.9 | 278 36 36.1 -5.0 18 404 7315 285 62 59.9 -16.0 | 276 30 29.4 -3.2 19 400 7380 285 63 60.9 -16.3 | 276 31 30.3 -3.4 20 386 7620 280 64 63.0 -11.1 | 267 33 32.5 1.8 21 311 9144 290 69 64.8 -23.6 | 287 36 34.3 -10.7 22 300 9390 285 75 72.4 -19.4 | 279 42 41.9 -6.5 23 250 10600 285 76 73.4 -19.7 | 279 43 42.9 -6.8 24 215 11559 285 88 85.0 -22.8 | 280 55 54.5 -9.9 25 214 11582 285 88 85.0 -22.8 | 280 55 54.5 -9.9 26 200 12010 290 78 73.3 -26.7 | 288 45 42.8 -13.8 27 178 12724 285 66 63.8 -17.1 | 277 33 33.2 -4.2 28 176 12802 285 64 61.8 -16.6 | 277 32 31.3 -3.7 29 151 13716 285 74 71.5 -19.2 | 279 41 41.0 -6.3 30 150 13770 290 62 58.3 -21.2 | 287 29 27.7 -8.3 31 124 14935 300 49 42.4 -24.5 | 314 17 11.9 -11.6 32 118 15240 285 41 39.6 -10.6 | 256 9 9.1 2.3 33 102 16154 280 45 44.3 -7.8 | 250 15 13.8 5.1 34 100 16280 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 298 27 23.9 -12.5 35 97 16459 295 61 55.3 -25.8 | 297 28 24.8 -12.9 36 80 17678 300 33 28.6 -16.5 | 28 4 -1.9 -3.6 37 76 17983 300 45 39.0 -22.5 | 319 13 8.4 -9.6 38 72 18288 300 35 30.3 -17.5 | 3 5 -0.2 -4.6 39 70 18500 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 104 6 -6.1 1.5 40 69 18593 295 39 35.3 -16.5 | 307 6 4.8 -3.6 41 66 18898 295 25 22.7 -10.6 | 106 8 -7.9 2.3 42 63 19202 305 25 20.5 -14.3 | 82 10 -10.0 -1.4 43 60 19507 295 15 13.6 -6.3 | 111 18 -16.9 6.6 44 57 19812 315 23 16.3 -16.3 | 77 15 -14.3 -3.4 45 54 20117 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 97 28 -27.9 3.2 46 52 20422 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 113 33 -30.5 12.9 47 50 20610 270 15 15.0 -0.0 | 130 20 -15.5 12.9 48 49 20726 255 14 13.5 3.6 | 134 24 -17.0 16.5 49 47 21031 260 17 16.7 3.0 | 139 21 -13.8 15.8 50 45 21336 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 126 22 -17.5 12.9 51 42 21641 300 12 10.4 -6.0 | 109 21 -20.1 6.9 52 40 21946 245 17 15.4 7.2 | 143 25 -15.1 20.1 53 39 22250 250 18 16.9 6.2 | 144 23 -13.6 19.0 54 37 22555 305 10 8.2 -5.7 | 108 23 -22.3 7.2 55 35 22860 315 3 2.1 -2.1 | 111 30 -28.4 10.8 56 33 23165 265 10 10.0 0.9 | 124 25 -20.6 13.8 57 30 23840 50 8 -6.1 -5.1 | 102 37 -36.7 7.7 58 28 24384 60 11 -9.5 -5.5 | 100 41 -40.0 7.4 59 22 25908 50 10 -7.7 -6.4 | 100 39 -38.2 6.5 60 20 26440 15 4 -1.0 -3.9 | 106 33 -31.6 9.0 61 19 26822 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 113 33 -30.5 12.9 62 17 27432 55 7 -5.7 -4.0 | 104 37 -36.3 8.9 63 16 28042 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 104 42 -41.1 10.0 64 14 28956 120 10 -8.7 5.0 | 115 43 -39.2 17.9 65 13 29261 45 1 -0.7 -0.7 | 111 34 -31.2 12.2 66 12 29566 340 11 3.8 -10.3 | 95 27 -26.8 2.6 67 12 29870 40 11 -7.1 -8.4 | 97 38 -37.6 4.5 68 11 30175 90 20 -20.0 0.0 | 104 52 -50.5 12.9 69 10 31000 150 8 -4.0 6.9 | 120 40 -34.5 19.8 70 7 33440 135 8 -5.7 5.7 | 117 41 -36.2 18.5 71 5 35780 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 129 28 -21.9 17.9 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 262.9 at 44.2 knts Storm direction: 292.9 at 33.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.9 neg: 6.1 tot: 11.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 111.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 482.0 neg: -11.9 tot: 470.1 m^2/s^2 ave: 156.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.59 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 16.5 stream: 9.7 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.06 Bulk Rich Number: 0.18 Bulk Shear: 124.77 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 234 17 143 28| 0.0 29.6 29.6|130.9 -11.9 119.0 238.1 0.54| 39.6 21.4 1000 229 24 156 31| 0.0 18.3 18.3|173.5 -11.9 161.6 161.6 0.55| 23.7 13.0 1500 227 29 164 34| 3.5 12.2 15.7|271.7 -11.9 259.8 173.2 0.61| 19.4 11.9 2000 231 33 172 34| 5.6 9.1 14.7|427.8 -11.9 415.9 208.0 0.66| 19.3 12.7 2500 238 36 180 32| 5.6 7.3 12.9|466.6 -11.9 454.7 181.9 0.60| 18.6 11.3 3000 242 38 186 31| 4.9 6.1 11.0|482.0 -11.9 470.1 156.7 0.59| 16.5 9.7 4000 249 40 194 28| 3.8 3.8 7.6|493.1 -52.1 441.0 110.2 0.47| 14.0 6.5 5000 255 41 201 25| 5.4 3.1 8.5|591.9 -52.1 539.7 107.9 0.55| 13.7 7.5 6000 263 44 216 23| 5.1 3.1 8.2|626.1 -86.9 539.2 89.9 0.49| 12.7 6.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250419.00.gif