UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041812.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 18 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 18 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 137 SFC 990 215 8.6 -3.4 43 12.0 3.5 150 8 282.6 283.1 277.2 291.1 3.00 2 975 343 11.6 -5.4 30 17.0 4.5 166 17 286.8 287.3 278.8 294.4 2.62 3 969 395 11.8 -6.2 28 18.0 4.4 173 20 287.5 288.0 279.0 294.8 2.48 4 966 421 12.0 -6.0 28 18.0 4.5 176 22 288.0 288.4 279.3 295.4 2.52 5 961 465 11.6 -6.4 28 18.0 4.2 182 25 288.0 288.4 279.2 295.2 2.46 6 947 588 12.4 -9.6 21 22.0 3.8 197 34 290.0 290.4 279.5 295.9 1.94 7 942 633 13.8 -11.2 16 25.0 4.1 203 34 291.9 292.2 280.1 297.1 1.72 8 933 715 15.0 -18.0 9 33.0 3.6 212 32 293.9 294.1 280.0 297.0 0.99 9 927 770 15.0 -13.0 13 28.0 4.3 218 31 294.5 294.7 281.0 299.1 1.51 10 925 788 14.8 -12.2 14 27.0 4.3 220 30 294.4 294.7 281.1 299.4 1.62 11 914 889 14.2 -5.8 25 20.0 5.4 220 28 294.8 295.3 282.6 303.0 2.71 12 882 1189 11.8 -3.2 35 15.0 4.9 211 22 295.4 296.0 283.6 305.6 3.42 13 873 1274 11.2 -3.8 35 15.0 4.4 211 22 295.6 296.2 283.6 305.5 3.30 14 862 1380 11.0 -7.0 28 18.0 3.3 213 23 296.5 297.0 283.2 304.4 2.62 15 858 1419 10.8 -6.2 30 17.0 3.4 214 24 296.7 297.2 283.4 305.1 2.80 16 850 1497 10.0 -6.0 32 16.0 3.0 215 25 296.6 297.1 283.5 305.3 2.87 17 843 1566 9.8 -4.2 37 14.0 3.4 219 26 297.1 297.7 284.2 307.1 3.32 18 824 1754 8.2 -5.8 36 14.0 2.1 216 25 297.4 297.9 284.0 306.5 3.01 19 773 2278 3.8 -5.2 52 9.0 -0.1 232 28 298.1 298.7 284.7 308.2 3.36 20 766 2351 3.4 -6.6 48 10.0 -0.8 235 30 298.5 299.0 284.4 307.7 3.04 21 746 2565 1.6 -5.4 60 7.0 -1.4 238 33 298.8 299.4 285.0 309.1 3.43 22 741 2619 1.2 -3.8 69 5.0 -1.0 237 34 298.9 299.6 285.5 310.6 3.89 23 740 2630 1.2 -3.2 72 4.4 -0.8 237 34 299.0 299.8 285.8 311.3 4.08 24 737 2663 1.0 -0.6 89 1.6 0.2 236 34 299.2 300.1 286.7 314.0 4.97 25 734 2696 1.2 -1.4 83 2.6 -0.0 236 34 299.7 300.6 286.7 313.8 4.70 26 718 2873 0.4 -2.2 83 2.6 -0.8 239 34 300.7 301.6 286.9 314.4 4.53 27 700 3076 -1.1 -3.0 87 1.9 -2.0 240 33 301.3 302.1 286.9 314.5 4.38 28 671 3412 -3.7 -4.6 93 0.9 -4.1 237 35 302.0 302.8 286.9 314.3 4.05 29 670 3424 -3.7 -5.1 90 1.4 -4.3 237 35 302.1 302.9 286.8 314.0 3.90 30 665 3483 -3.7 -6.9 78 3.2 -5.0 237 35 302.8 303.4 286.5 313.3 3.43 31 624 3981 -8.3 -8.3 100 0.0 -8.3 238 37 303.1 303.7 286.5 313.2 3.28 32 607 4195 -9.9 -9.9 100 0.0 -9.9 239 37 303.7 304.2 286.4 312.9 2.97 33 604 4233 -9.5 -14.3 68 4.8 -11.1 240 37 304.5 304.9 285.7 311.2 2.09 34 596 4337 -8.9 -13.8 68 4.9 -10.6 240 37 306.4 306.8 286.5 313.4 2.21 35 581 4534 -9.5 -12.2 81 2.7 -10.5 240 37 307.9 308.4 287.5 316.1 2.58 36 562 4790 -10.5 -15.2 68 4.7 -12.1 240 38 309.7 310.1 287.6 316.4 2.09 37 551 4942 -11.5 -16.2 68 4.7 -13.0 242 38 310.3 310.6 287.6 316.6 1.96 38 531 5224 -13.9 -15.5 88 1.6 -14.4 251 35 310.7 311.1 288.0 317.7 2.15 39 526 5296 -13.9 -15.0 91 1.1 -14.3 253 34 311.5 312.0 288.3 318.9 2.27 40 518 5413 -14.3 -16.6 83 2.3 -15.0 256 33 312.4 312.8 288.4 319.0 2.01 41 503 5635 -16.1 -17.7 87 1.6 -16.6 264 31 312.9 313.2 288.5 319.1 1.89 42 500 5680 -16.1 -18.4 82 2.3 -16.8 265 31 313.4 313.8 288.5 319.3 1.79 43 465 6225 -18.9 -25.9 54 7.0 -20.5 269 36 316.5 316.7 288.7 319.9 1.00 44 463 6257 -19.1 -25.1 59 6.0 -20.5 270 37 316.6 316.8 288.8 320.3 1.08 45 437 6686 -22.9 -27.2 68 4.3 -23.8 276 41 317.1 317.3 288.8 320.3 0.94 46 416 7046 -25.5 -30.5 63 5.0 -26.3 278 42 318.3 318.4 289.0 320.8 0.73 47 407 7205 -26.5 -34.5 47 8.0 -27.7 279 43 319.0 319.1 289.0 320.8 0.50 48 402 7294 -27.1 -35.1 47 8.0 -28.2 280 43 319.3 319.4 289.0 321.0 0.48 49 400 7330 -27.5 -35.5 46 8.0 -28.6 280 43 319.2 319.3 289.0 320.9 0.46 50 363 8017 -33.7 -37.1 71 3.4 -34.1 281 43 319.9 320.0 289.2 321.5 0.44 51 359 8094 -34.3 -39.0 62 4.7 -34.8 282 43 320.2 320.2 289.2 321.5 0.36 52 354 8192 -35.1 -39.4 65 4.3 -35.5 283 42 320.4 320.4 289.3 321.7 0.35 53 350 8270 -35.5 -41.5 54 6.0 -36.1 284 42 320.9 320.9 289.3 321.9 0.29 54 342 8430 -37.3 -41.2 67 3.9 -37.7 285 42 320.6 320.6 289.3 321.7 0.30 55 340 8471 -37.3 -40.5 72 3.2 -37.6 286 42 321.1 321.2 289.5 322.3 0.33 56 300 9320 -43.9 -57.9 20 14.0 -44.4 295 49 323.5 323.5 289.9 323.7 0.05 57 250 10520 -54.7 -65.7 24 11.0 -54.9 295 62 324.7 324.7 290.2 324.8 0.02 58 204 11788 -60.5 -69.7 29 9.2 -60.6 300 102 335.0 335.0 293.1 335.1 0.02 59 200 11910 -61.1 -70.1 29 9.0 -61.2 305 96 336.0 336.0 293.3 336.1 0.02 60 170 12913 -66.1 -76.1 23 10.0 -66.2 315 76 343.7 343.7 295.2 343.7 0.01 61 150 13680 -64.1 -84.1 5 20.0 -64.2 290 63 359.7 359.7 298.7 359.7 0.00 62 100 16200 -60.1 -88.1 1 28.0 -60.4 305 53 411.6 411.6 306.7 411.6 0.00 63 94 16584 -61.5 -88.5 2 27.0 -61.7 305 49 416.2 416.2 307.3 416.2 0.00 64 87 17066 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.1 305 35 431.1 431.1 309.0 431.2 0.00 65 80 17590 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -59.9 290 25 440.0 440.0 309.8 440.0 0.00 66 74 18080 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.6 297 33 454.9 454.9 311.3 455.0 0.00 67 70 18430 -58.3 -87.3 1 29.0 -58.8 280 22 459.7 459.7 311.7 459.7 0.00 68 61 19298 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.5 305 18 476.8 476.8 313.2 476.8 0.00 69 53 20189 -55.9 -87.9 1 32.0 -56.8 270 18 503.3 503.3 315.2 503.3 0.00 70 50 20560 -56.9 -87.9 1 31.0 -57.8 285 7 509.4 509.4 315.6 509.4 0.00 71 43 21521 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -55.7 270 14 537.7 537.7 317.4 537.8 0.01 72 32 23400 -57.5 -88.5 1 31.0 -58.6 279 1 577.1 577.1 319.5 577.2 0.00 73 31 23602 -55.7 -87.7 1 32.0 -57.1 260 2 587.3 587.3 320.0 587.3 0.01 74 30 23810 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.9 240 2 590.6 590.6 320.2 590.6 0.01 75 29 24025 -56.7 -87.7 1 31.0 -58.0 225 2 595.8 595.8 320.4 595.9 0.01 76 26 24720 -54.7 -87.7 1 33.0 -56.5 286 9 620.4 620.4 321.5 620.4 0.01 77 22 25783 -57.1 -89.1 1 32.0 -58.7 80 10 643.6 643.6 322.4 643.6 0.01 78 20 26390 -54.5 -87.5 1 33.0 -56.8 75 11 669.4 669.4 323.4 669.4 0.01 79 16 27829 -51.1 -86.1 1 35.0 -54.8 92 16 724.6 724.6 325.2 724.7 0.01 80 16 27829 -51.3 -86.3 1 35.0 -54.9 92 16 723.9 723.9 325.2 724.0 0.01 81 14 28698 -50.5 -86.5 1 36.0 -54.8 103 13 754.8 754.8 326.1 754.9 0.02 82 13 29186 -46.1 -85.1 0 39.0 -52.3 93 20 786.2 786.2 326.9 786.4 0.02 83 12 29718 -45.9 -84.9 0 39.0 -52.5 149 14 805.1 805.1 327.4 805.3 0.02 84 10 30940 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -51.5 115 6 860.2 860.2 328.6 860.6 0.04 85 8.7 31881 -42.1 -83.1 0 41.0 -51.9 127 10 897.4 897.5 329.4 897.9 0.05 86 7.6 32794 -43.1 -83.1 0 40.0 -53.0 138 14 928.8 928.8 329.9 929.3 0.05 87 7.0 33350 -41.9 -82.9 0 41.0 -52.8 145 17 955.8 955.9 330.5 956.5 0.06 88 6.2 34178 -38.3 -80.3 0 42.0 -52.0 1005.0 1005.1 331.3 1006.2 0.10 TRP 170 12913 -66.1 -76.1 23 10.0 -66.2 315 76 343.7 343.7 295.2 343.7 0.01 WND 204 11788 -60.5 -69.7 29 9.2 -60.6 300 102 335.0 335.0 293.1 335.1 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5543.00 m Freezing level: 713.20 mb = 2927.03 m = 9603.00 ft Wetbulb zero: 775.29 mb = 2253.27 m = 7392.54 ft Precipitable water: 0.64 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 63.28 % Est. max temperature: 23.15 C = 73.67 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 823.51 mb = 1759.22 m = 5771.65 ft T: 8.16 C 700-500 lapse rate: 5.76 C/km ThetaE index: 1.15 C Layer 873.0- 858.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 513.31 mb = 5481.47 m = 17983.61 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.35 g/kg Conv temperature: 38.52 C = 101.34 F Cap Strength: 13.76 C Lifted Index: 14.11 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.98 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 9.08 C Showalter Index: 9.25 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 36.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 26.10 C Cross Totals Index: 10.10 C K Index: 18.20 Risk: < 20 % chance of thunderstorms Sweat Index: 201.76 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.85 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 53.32 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 10.33 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 67992.95 J/kg Cap Strength: 14.06 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 690.38 mb = 3185.82 m = 10452.03 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 267 at 24 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 990 215 150 8 -4.0 6.9 | 101 28 -27.6 5.5 1 945 610 200 35 12.0 32.9 | 160 34 -11.6 31.5 2 925 788 220 30 19.3 23.0 | 169 22 -4.3 21.6 3 911 914 220 27 17.4 20.7 | 162 20 -6.2 19.3 4 879 1219 210 21 10.5 18.2 | 142 21 -13.1 16.8 5 850 1497 215 25 14.3 20.5 | 154 21 -9.3 19.1 6 847 1524 220 26 16.7 19.9 | 160 20 -6.9 18.5 7 816 1829 215 24 13.8 19.7 | 152 21 -9.8 18.3 8 786 2134 225 25 17.7 17.7 | 160 17 -5.9 16.3 9 757 2438 240 32 27.7 16.0 | 196 15 4.1 14.6 10 729 2743 235 35 28.7 20.1 | 195 19 5.1 18.7 11 702 3048 245 33 29.9 13.9 | 207 14 6.3 12.6 12 700 3076 240 33 28.6 16.5 | 198 16 5.0 15.1 13 649 3658 235 36 29.5 20.6 | 197 20 5.9 19.3 14 600 4267 240 37 32.0 18.5 | 206 19 8.5 17.1 15 555 4877 240 38 32.9 19.0 | 208 20 9.3 17.6 16 500 5680 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 260 7 7.3 1.3 17 473 6096 265 34 33.9 3.0 | 261 10 10.3 1.6 18 454 6401 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 287 17 16.3 -4.9 19 400 7330 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 295 21 18.8 -8.9 20 384 7620 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 295 21 18.8 -8.9 21 367 7925 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 295 21 18.8 -8.9 22 322 8839 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 316 21 14.9 -15.4 23 308 9144 300 44 38.1 -22.0 | 328 28 14.5 -23.4 24 300 9320 295 49 44.4 -20.7 | 317 30 20.8 -22.1 25 250 10520 295 62 56.2 -26.2 | 310 43 32.6 -27.6 26 221 11278 295 68 61.6 -28.7 | 308 49 38.0 -30.1 27 204 11788 300 102 88.3 -51.0 | 309 83 64.7 -52.4 28 201 11887 300 102 88.3 -51.0 | 309 83 64.7 -52.4 29 200 11910 305 96 78.6 -55.1 | 316 79 55.0 -56.4 30 173 12802 310 69 52.9 -44.4 | 327 54 29.3 -45.7 31 170 12913 315 76 53.7 -53.7 | 331 63 30.1 -55.1 32 165 13106 315 76 53.7 -53.7 | 331 63 30.1 -55.1 33 157 13411 295 52 47.1 -22.0 | 315 33 23.5 -23.4 34 150 13680 290 63 59.2 -21.5 | 303 42 35.6 -22.9 35 149 13716 290 56 52.6 -19.2 | 305 36 29.0 -20.5 36 142 14021 295 64 58.0 -27.0 | 310 45 34.4 -28.4 37 117 15240 295 51 46.2 -21.6 | 315 32 22.6 -22.9 38 106 15850 300 40 34.6 -20.0 | 333 24 11.0 -21.4 39 100 16200 305 53 43.4 -30.4 | 328 37 19.8 -31.8 40 96 16459 305 53 43.4 -30.4 | 328 37 19.8 -31.8 41 83 17374 305 26 21.3 -14.9 | 8 16 -2.3 -16.3 42 79 17678 285 25 24.1 -6.5 | 356 8 0.6 -7.9 43 75 17983 295 35 31.7 -14.8 | 333 18 8.1 -16.2 44 72 18288 300 29 25.1 -14.5 | 355 16 1.5 -15.9 45 70 18430 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 20 6 -1.9 -5.2 46 68 18593 305 22 18.0 -12.6 | 22 15 -5.6 -14.0 47 65 18898 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 20 6 -1.9 -5.2 48 62 19202 320 20 12.9 -15.3 | 33 20 -10.7 -16.7 49 59 19507 275 15 14.9 -1.3 | 73 9 -8.6 -2.7 50 54 20117 270 19 19.0 -0.0 | 73 5 -4.6 -1.4 51 51 20422 270 16 16.0 -0.0 | 80 8 -7.6 -1.4 52 50 20560 285 7 6.8 -1.8 | 79 17 -16.8 -3.2 53 49 20726 325 12 6.9 -9.8 | 56 20 -16.7 -11.2 54 46 21031 310 11 8.4 -7.1 | 61 17 -15.2 -8.5 55 44 21336 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 109 17 -16.5 5.7 56 42 21641 300 17 14.7 -8.5 | 42 13 -8.9 -9.9 57 40 21946 330 13 6.5 -11.3 | 54 21 -17.1 -12.6 58 37 22555 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 87 24 -23.6 -1.4 59 30 23810 240 2 1.7 1.0 | 89 22 -21.9 -0.4 60 27 24384 200 2 0.7 1.9 | 91 23 -22.9 0.5 61 25 24994 355 14 1.2 -13.9 | 56 27 -22.4 -15.3 62 24 25298 35 13 -7.5 -10.6 | 69 33 -31.0 -12.0 63 23 25603 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 75 32 -30.7 -8.5 64 22 25908 105 10 -9.7 2.6 | 92 33 -33.3 1.2 65 20 26390 75 11 -10.6 -2.8 | 83 34 -34.2 -4.2 66 19 26822 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 82 33 -33.0 -4.8 67 17 27432 80 11 -10.8 -1.9 | 85 35 -34.4 -3.3 68 16 27737 100 16 -15.8 2.8 | 92 39 -39.3 1.4 69 16 28042 80 16 -15.8 -2.8 | 84 40 -39.3 -4.2 70 14 28956 110 12 -11.3 4.1 | 94 35 -34.9 2.7 71 13 29261 90 21 -21.0 0.0 | 88 45 -44.6 -1.4 72 12 29566 120 16 -13.9 8.0 | 100 38 -37.4 6.6 73 12 29870 170 13 -2.3 12.8 | 114 28 -25.8 11.4 74 11 30175 110 22 -20.7 7.5 | 98 45 -44.3 6.1 75 10 30940 115 6 -5.4 2.5 | 92 29 -29.0 1.1 76 7 33350 145 17 -9.8 13.9 | 111 36 -33.3 12.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 236.6 at 31.5 knts Storm direction: 266.6 at 23.6 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 7.5 neg: 1.9 tot: 9.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 96.7 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 400.7 neg: -69.3 tot: 331.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 110.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.50 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 15.3 stream: 7.6 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.12 Bulk Rich Number: 0.94 Bulk Shear: 56.49 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 196 24 142 28| 30.0 0.0 30.0|295.4 0.0 295.4 590.7 0.88| 41.7 36.5 1000 207 25 150 24| 15.0 5.7 20.6|300.5 -49.9 250.5 250.5 0.49| 28.4 14.0 1500 210 25 151 23| 11.4 3.8 15.2|331.8 -55.9 276.0 184.0 0.51| 21.4 10.9 2000 213 25 152 22| 9.4 2.8 12.2|356.3 -60.8 295.5 147.8 0.51| 18.0 9.3 2500 219 26 159 20| 9.2 2.3 11.4|387.7 -61.4 326.2 130.5 0.54| 16.7 8.9 3000 223 27 165 19| 7.5 1.9 9.4|400.7 -69.3 331.4 110.5 0.50| 15.3 7.6 4000 228 30 175 19| 5.8 1.0 6.8|415.5 -70.8 344.7 86.2 0.49| 12.3 6.0 5000 231 31 182 18| 4.5 0.8 5.3|438.8 -70.8 368.0 73.6 0.50| 10.7 5.4 6000 237 32 190 16| 3.9 0.7 4.6|464.2 -70.8 393.4 65.6 0.51| 10.2 5.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250418.12.gif