UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041800.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 18 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 18 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 176 220 5 SFC 995 215 10.4 -10.6 22 21.0 2.7 220 5 284.0 284.3 276.1 289.0 1.71 2 985 299 9.0 -11.0 23 20.0 1.8 224 6 283.4 283.7 275.7 288.3 1.67 3 948 616 6.4 -9.6 31 16.0 0.6 240 10 283.9 284.2 276.4 289.5 1.94 4 945 642 6.8 -10.2 29 17.0 0.7 240 11 284.5 284.8 276.6 290.0 1.86 5 925 818 6.0 -12.0 26 18.0 -0.2 240 19 285.4 285.7 276.8 290.3 1.64 6 890 1132 3.6 -16.4 22 20.0 -2.6 240 21 286.1 286.3 276.5 289.7 1.19 7 886 1169 3.4 -18.6 18 22.0 -3.0 240 21 286.3 286.5 276.3 289.3 0.99 8 880 1224 3.2 -36.8 3 40.0 -4.6 240 22 286.6 286.7 275.2 287.3 0.19 9 850 1504 2.0 -46.0 1 48.0 -5.7 245 17 288.2 288.3 275.9 288.5 0.07 10 830 1696 1.8 -41.2 2 43.0 -5.8 256 15 290.0 290.0 276.9 290.4 0.12 11 815 1843 1.6 261 14 291.3 12 774 2257 0.4 -32.6 6 33.0 -6.7 288 14 294.3 294.4 279.3 295.4 0.32 13 756 2445 -0.3 -37.3 4 37.0 -7.4 300 16 295.6 295.6 279.7 296.3 0.21 14 700 3057 -3.3 -14.3 42 11.0 -7.0 305 20 298.8 299.2 283.2 304.4 1.80 15 699 3068 -3.1 -13.1 46 10.0 -6.5 305 20 299.2 299.5 283.5 305.4 1.99 16 691 3159 -3.9 -12.9 50 9.0 -7.0 308 22 299.3 299.6 283.7 305.6 2.05 17 663 3484 -5.9 -14.9 49 9.0 -8.8 313 24 300.6 300.9 283.9 306.3 1.81 18 653 3603 -6.3 -18.3 38 12.0 -9.8 311 23 301.4 301.7 283.7 305.8 1.38 19 627 3919 -8.3 -19.3 41 11.0 -11.4 302 22 302.7 302.9 284.1 306.9 1.32 20 611 4119 -9.5 -23.5 31 14.0 -13.0 302 22 303.5 303.7 284.0 306.6 0.94 21 596 4310 -11.1 -25.1 30 14.0 -14.4 306 23 303.9 304.0 284.0 306.6 0.83 22 581 4506 -11.5 -33.5 14 22.0 -15.6 312 26 305.6 305.7 284.2 307.0 0.39 23 576 4572 -11.9 -27.9 25 16.0 -15.4 314 26 305.9 306.0 284.6 308.1 0.67 24 560 4787 -12.7 -33.7 15 21.0 -16.6 321 29 307.4 307.5 284.9 308.8 0.40 25 540 5063 -14.9 -33.9 18 19.0 -18.2 324 30 308.0 308.1 285.1 309.4 0.40 26 500 5640 -19.5 -38.5 17 19.0 -22.2 320 29 309.3 309.3 285.4 310.2 0.27 27 491 5775 -20.5 -39.5 17 19.0 -23.0 316 30 309.6 309.7 285.5 310.6 0.25 28 487 5835 -20.9 -41.9 13 21.0 -23.5 317 30 309.9 309.9 285.5 310.6 0.20 29 485 5866 -20.5 -46.5 8 26.0 -23.4 318 30 310.7 310.8 285.8 311.2 0.12 30 472 6067 -21.7 -51.7 5 30.0 -24.5 328 30 311.7 311.7 286.0 311.9 0.07 31 470 6098 -21.9 -51.9 5 30.0 -24.6 330 30 311.8 311.8 286.1 312.1 0.07 32 424 6846 -28.9 -57.9 4 29.0 -30.7 338 35 312.2 312.2 286.1 312.3 0.04 33 400 7260 -32.3 -58.3 6 26.0 -33.7 330 38 313.0 313.0 286.4 313.2 0.04 34 360 7990 -38.9 -57.9 12 19.0 -39.7 324 41 313.7 313.8 286.7 313.9 0.04 35 349 8202 -41.1 -57.1 16 16.0 -41.7 321 42 313.6 313.6 286.6 313.8 0.05 36 346 8260 -41.7 -55.7 20 14.0 -42.2 320 42 313.5 313.5 286.6 313.8 0.06 37 340 8378 -42.7 -52.7 33 10.0 -43.1 319 44 313.7 313.8 286.8 314.1 0.08 38 337 8438 -43.1 -54.1 29 11.0 -43.5 319 46 314.0 314.0 286.8 314.3 0.07 39 319 8804 -45.7 -54.7 36 9.0 -46.0 317 52 315.4 315.4 287.3 315.6 0.07 40 313 8930 -46.5 -56.5 31 10.0 -46.8 316 55 316.0 316.0 287.5 316.2 0.06 41 310 8994 -46.5 -60.5 19 14.0 -46.9 316 56 316.8 316.8 287.8 317.0 0.04 42 305 9101 -47.5 -59.5 24 12.0 -47.9 315 58 316.9 316.9 287.8 317.1 0.04 43 302 9166 -47.9 -62.9 16 15.0 -48.3 315 60 317.2 317.2 287.9 317.3 0.03 44 300 9210 -48.3 -60.3 24 12.0 -48.6 315 62 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.4 0.04 45 285 9547 -50.7 -59.7 34 9.0 -50.9 315 65 318.5 318.5 288.3 318.7 0.04 46 272 9850 -52.7 -64.7 22 12.0 -52.9 315 67 319.9 319.9 288.8 320.0 0.02 47 256 10239 -56.5 -66.5 27 10.0 -56.6 315 71 319.9 319.9 288.7 320.0 0.02 48 253 10314 -56.7 -65.7 31 9.0 -56.8 315 72 320.7 320.7 289.0 320.8 0.02 49 250 10390 -56.9 -66.9 27 10.0 -57.1 310 76 321.5 321.5 289.2 321.5 0.02 50 248 10441 -57.1 -67.1 27 10.0 -57.2 310 78 321.9 321.9 289.3 322.0 0.02 51 247 10466 -57.1 -67.1 27 10.0 -57.2 310 79 322.3 322.3 289.5 322.4 0.02 52 230 10914 -59.9 -68.9 30 9.0 -60.0 310 99 324.7 324.7 290.2 324.7 0.02 53 227 10996 -59.7 -68.7 30 9.0 -59.8 310 103 326.2 326.2 290.6 326.3 0.02 54 221 11163 -60.7 -65.3 55 4.6 -60.7 310 111 327.2 327.2 290.9 327.3 0.03 55 220 11191 -60.8 -65.4 54 4.6 -60.9 310 112 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.5 0.03 56 211 11449 -61.9 -66.8 52 4.9 -62.0 313 105 329.6 329.7 291.6 329.7 0.02 57 209 11508 -62.1 -68.1 44 6.0 -62.1 314 102 330.2 330.2 291.8 330.3 0.02 58 207 11568 -62.5 -72.5 25 10.0 -62.6 315 100 330.5 330.5 291.9 330.6 0.01 59 200 11780 -61.5 -77.5 10 16.0 -61.6 325 93 335.4 335.4 293.2 335.4 0.00 60 150 13590 -56.1 -85.1 1 29.0 -56.4 300 45 373.4 373.4 301.2 373.4 0.00 61 100 16150 -57.9 -86.9 1 29.0 -58.3 305 48 415.9 415.9 307.2 415.9 0.00 62 97 16342 -57.5 -86.5 1 29.0 -57.9 308 44 420.3 420.3 307.7 420.3 0.00 63 92 16674 -59.5 -87.5 1 28.0 -59.9 303 40 422.7 422.7 308.0 422.7 0.00 64 87 17023 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -59.3 291 37 430.7 430.7 308.9 430.8 0.00 65 86 17096 -57.3 -87.3 1 30.0 -57.8 292 37 435.4 435.4 309.4 435.4 0.00 66 81 17473 -58.1 -87.1 1 29.0 -58.6 302 37 441.3 441.3 310.0 441.3 0.00 67 74 18046 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -55.4 287 24 460.0 460.0 311.8 460.0 0.00 68 70 18400 -56.1 -86.1 1 30.0 -56.8 290 19 464.4 464.4 312.1 464.4 0.00 69 62 19172 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -55.8 282 16 483.4 483.4 313.7 483.4 0.00 70 60 19381 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -56.9 303 17 485.3 485.3 313.8 485.3 0.00 71 56 19820 -55.1 -86.1 1 31.0 -56.0 296 16 497.2 497.3 314.8 497.3 0.00 72 50 20540 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.3 230 20 510.3 510.3 315.7 510.4 0.00 73 48 20800 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.9 235 21 514.9 514.9 315.9 514.9 0.00 74 44 21355 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -55.5 280 20 534.7 534.7 317.2 534.7 0.01 75 38 22293 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.6 359 3 552.0 552.0 318.2 552.0 0.00 76 35 22817 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -56.6 13 4 568.3 568.3 319.0 568.3 0.01 77 33 23193 -56.5 -87.5 1 31.0 -57.8 24 4 574.7 574.7 319.4 574.8 0.01 78 30 23800 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.0 40 5 593.3 593.3 320.3 593.4 0.01 79 28 24240 -55.3 -87.3 1 32.0 -56.9 11 3 605.7 605.7 320.9 605.8 0.01 80 26 24714 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.6 47 10 623.8 623.8 321.6 623.9 0.01 81 23 25500 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.8 63 11 642.5 642.5 322.4 642.6 0.01 82 22 25786 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.1 63 9 657.3 657.3 323.0 657.4 0.01 83 20 26400 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -56.2 40 5 671.8 671.8 323.5 671.9 0.01 84 19 26730 -54.1 -87.1 1 33.0 -56.6 47 7 680.5 680.5 323.8 680.6 0.01 85 17 27447 -52.7 -86.7 1 34.0 -55.8 62 12 707.0 707.0 324.7 707.1 0.01 86 16 27838 -53.7 -86.7 1 33.0 -56.6 88 14 716.1 716.1 325.0 716.2 0.01 87 15 28255 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.9 76 15 733.4 733.4 325.4 733.5 0.01 88 14 28705 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -53.5 94 18 761.6 761.6 326.3 761.8 0.02 89 13 29193 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -53.7 107 14 777.9 777.9 326.7 778.1 0.02 90 12 29726 -43.9 -82.9 1 39.0 -51.4 110 12 812.2 812.2 327.5 812.5 0.03 91 11 30310 -44.9 -82.9 1 38.0 -52.2 109 11 829.0 829.1 328.0 829.4 0.04 92 10 30950 -43.1 -82.1 1 39.0 -51.7 85 10 858.7 858.7 328.6 859.1 0.05 93 9.1 31585 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -52.1 129 9 882.9 882.9 329.1 883.4 0.05 94 8.7 31889 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -51.5 149 8 900.5 900.6 329.4 901.1 0.05 95 7.8 32627 -42.9 -82.9 0 40.0 -52.8 200 7 922.7 922.7 329.8 923.2 0.05 96 7.0 33360 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -52.1 250 6 962.5 962.5 330.6 963.3 0.08 97 5.5 35026 -34.3 -77.3 0 43.0 -51.2 1057.7 1057.9 332.1 1060.1 0.19 TRP 207 11568 -62.5 -72.5 25 10.0 -62.6 315 100 330.5 330.5 291.9 330.6 0.01 WND 220 11191 -60.8 -65.4 54 4.6 -60.9 310 112 327.4 327.4 291.0 327.5 0.03 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5464.00 m Freezing level: 763.71 mb = 2364.66 m = 7757.98 ft Wetbulb zero: 929.88 mb = 774.66 m = 2541.50 ft Precipitable water: 0.19 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 24.14 % Est. max temperature: 15.11 C = 59.20 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 720.53 mb = 2827.30 m = 9275.81 ft T: -2.17 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.27 C/km ThetaE index: 3.06 C Layer 890.0- 850.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 503.12 mb = 5593.31 m = 18350.53 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.68 g/kg Conv temperature: 35.58 C = 96.04 F Cap Strength: 16.84 C Lifted Index: 17.10 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.71 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 12.62 C Showalter Index: 17.24 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: -5.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 21.50 C Cross Totals Index: -26.50 C K Index: -35.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 63.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.61 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 13.50 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 5.20 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 70569.09 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.11 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 711.04 mb = 2932.59 m = 9621.23 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 331 at 16 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 220 5 3.2 3.8 | 165 19 -4.7 18.0 1 949 610 240 10 8.7 5.0 | 182 19 0.8 19.1 2 925 818 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 200 25 8.5 23.6 3 914 914 240 19 16.5 9.5 | 200 25 8.5 23.6 4 880 1219 240 22 19.1 11.0 | 204 27 11.1 25.1 5 850 1504 245 17 15.4 7.2 | 199 23 7.5 21.3 6 848 1524 250 16 15.0 5.5 | 200 21 7.1 19.6 7 816 1829 260 14 13.8 2.4 | 200 18 5.9 16.6 8 786 2134 280 13 12.8 -2.3 | 202 13 4.9 11.9 9 756 2438 300 16 13.9 -8.0 | 224 9 5.9 6.1 10 728 2743 295 21 19.0 -8.9 | 245 12 11.1 5.2 11 700 3057 305 20 16.4 -11.5 | 253 9 8.5 2.7 12 674 3353 315 25 17.7 -17.7 | 290 10 9.8 -3.6 13 647 3658 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 270 9 8.9 -0.0 14 622 3962 300 22 19.1 -11.0 | 254 12 11.1 3.1 15 598 4267 305 23 18.8 -13.2 | 265 11 10.9 0.9 16 552 4877 325 30 17.2 -24.6 | 318 14 9.3 -10.5 17 500 5640 320 29 18.6 -22.2 | 307 13 10.7 -8.1 18 490 5791 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 298 15 13.3 -7.1 19 470 6096 330 30 15.0 -26.0 | 329 14 7.1 -11.9 20 414 7010 340 36 12.3 -33.8 | 347 20 4.4 -19.7 21 400 7260 330 38 19.0 -32.9 | 329 22 11.1 -18.8 22 379 7620 330 40 20.0 -34.6 | 329 24 12.1 -20.5 23 347 8230 320 42 27.0 -32.2 | 313 26 19.1 -18.1 24 303 9144 315 59 41.7 -41.7 | 309 44 33.8 -27.6 25 300 9210 315 62 43.8 -43.8 | 310 47 35.9 -29.7 26 251 10363 315 72 50.9 -50.9 | 311 57 43.0 -36.8 27 250 10390 310 76 58.2 -48.9 | 305 61 50.3 -34.7 28 220 11191 310 112 85.8 -72.0 | 307 97 77.9 -57.9 29 217 11278 310 112 85.8 -72.0 | 307 97 77.9 -57.9 30 207 11568 315 100 70.7 -70.7 | 312 85 62.8 -56.6 31 200 11780 325 93 53.3 -76.2 | 324 77 45.4 -62.1 32 187 12192 330 79 39.5 -68.4 | 330 63 31.6 -54.3 33 170 12802 310 63 48.3 -40.5 | 303 48 40.4 -26.4 34 162 13106 320 52 33.4 -39.8 | 315 36 25.5 -25.7 35 154 13411 310 43 32.9 -27.6 | 298 28 25.0 -13.5 36 150 13590 300 45 39.0 -22.5 | 285 32 31.1 -8.4 37 121 14935 290 61 57.3 -20.9 | 278 50 49.4 -6.7 38 116 15240 290 57 53.6 -19.5 | 277 46 45.7 -5.4 39 100 16150 305 48 39.3 -27.5 | 293 34 31.4 -13.4 40 95 16459 310 41 31.4 -26.4 | 297 26 23.5 -12.2 41 86 17069 290 37 34.8 -12.7 | 267 27 26.9 1.5 42 82 17374 305 40 32.8 -22.9 | 290 26 24.9 -8.8 43 75 17983 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 243 17 15.3 7.9 44 71 18288 295 23 20.8 -9.7 | 251 14 12.9 4.4 45 70 18400 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 233 13 9.9 7.6 46 65 18898 295 20 18.1 -8.5 | 241 12 10.2 5.7 47 62 19202 280 16 15.8 -2.8 | 215 14 7.8 11.3 48 59 19507 320 17 10.9 -13.0 | 250 3 3.0 1.1 49 56 19812 295 16 14.5 -6.8 | 222 10 6.6 7.4 50 53 20117 320 10 6.4 -7.7 | 167 7 -1.5 6.5 51 51 20422 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 189 13 1.9 12.4 52 50 20540 230 20 15.3 12.9 | 195 28 7.4 27.0 53 49 20726 230 19 14.6 12.2 | 194 27 6.6 26.3 54 46 21031 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 216 28 16.5 23.0 55 44 21336 275 21 20.9 -1.8 | 227 18 13.0 12.3 56 42 21641 355 11 1.0 -11.0 | 114 8 -7.0 3.2 57 40 21946 350 3 0.5 -3.0 | 147 13 -7.4 11.2 58 30 23800 40 5 -3.2 -3.8 | 133 15 -11.1 10.3 59 29 24079 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 151 16 -7.9 14.1 60 27 24384 20 6 -2.1 -5.6 | 130 13 -10.0 8.5 61 25 24994 70 14 -13.2 -4.8 | 114 23 -21.1 9.3 62 24 25298 50 13 -10.0 -8.4 | 108 19 -17.9 5.8 63 23 25603 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 122 20 -17.3 10.7 64 20 26400 40 5 -3.2 -3.8 | 133 15 -11.1 10.3 65 17 27432 60 12 -10.4 -6.0 | 114 20 -18.3 8.1 66 16 28042 100 15 -14.8 2.6 | 126 28 -22.7 16.7 67 15 28346 70 15 -14.1 -5.1 | 112 24 -22.0 9.0 68 14 28651 90 19 -19.0 0.0 | 118 30 -26.9 14.1 69 14 28956 105 17 -16.4 4.4 | 127 31 -24.3 18.5 70 12 29566 110 11 -10.3 3.8 | 134 26 -18.2 17.9 71 12 29870 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 133 27 -20.1 18.6 72 11 30175 115 11 -10.0 4.6 | 136 26 -17.9 18.8 73 10 30950 85 10 -10.0 -0.9 | 127 22 -17.9 13.3 74 7 33360 250 6 5.6 2.1 | 172 16 -2.3 16.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 300.8 at 21.6 knts Storm direction: 330.8 at 16.2 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.0 neg: 1.3 tot: 5.3 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 108.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 116.4 neg: -12.3 tot: 104.2 m^2/s^2 ave: 34.7 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.52 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 8.5 stream: 4.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.27 Bulk Shear: 50.95 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 235 9 177 19| 10.3 0.0 10.3| 47.7 0.0 47.7 95.4 0.91| 10.5 9.5 1000 239 14 191 22| 5.1 3.8 9.0| 79.4 0.0 79.4 79.4 0.80| 9.1 7.3 1500 241 15 194 22| 2.1 2.5 4.7| 80.1 -11.7 68.4 45.6 0.47| 9.1 4.3 2000 248 15 197 21| 3.0 1.9 4.9| 86.8 -12.3 74.5 37.2 0.42| 8.7 3.6 2500 258 15 202 19| 3.8 1.5 5.4|103.6 -12.3 91.4 36.5 0.48| 8.8 4.2 3000 268 16 209 17| 4.0 1.3 5.3|116.4 -12.3 104.2 34.7 0.52| 8.5 4.4 4000 282 18 223 14| 3.0 1.3 4.3|126.2 -25.5 100.7 25.2 0.40| 7.7 3.1 5000 293 20 238 12| 3.5 1.0 4.5|162.0 -29.4 132.7 26.5 0.47| 7.5 3.5 6000 301 22 254 11| 3.3 1.1 4.3|191.5 -40.9 150.5 25.1 0.46| 7.2 3.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250418.00.gif