UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041712.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 17 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 17 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 182 210 5 SFC 995 215 -0.5 -1.5 93 1.0 -0.9 210 5 273.0 273.6 272.5 282.4 3.44 2 986 289 -0.3 -5.3 69 5.0 -2.1 226 6 274.0 274.4 271.8 281.1 2.61 3 968 438 -0.3 -7.3 59 7.0 -2.7 258 10 275.4 275.8 272.2 281.8 2.28 4 966 455 -0.3 -7.3 59 7.0 -2.7 262 10 275.6 275.9 272.3 281.9 2.28 5 956 539 0.4 -9.6 47 10.0 -2.9 280 12 277.1 277.4 272.6 282.6 1.93 6 945 633 1.0 -9.0 47 10.0 -2.4 296 13 278.6 279.0 273.7 284.4 2.04 7 938 694 0.6 -11.4 40 12.0 -3.3 299 14 278.8 279.1 273.3 283.7 1.70 8 925 807 -0.3 -11.3 43 11.0 -3.8 305 15 279.0 279.3 273.5 284.0 1.74 9 851 1467 -5.5 -14.5 49 9.0 -8.0 309 22 280.3 280.5 273.8 284.5 1.46 10 850 1476 -5.5 -14.5 49 9.0 -8.0 310 22 280.4 280.6 273.8 284.6 1.46 11 838 1587 -6.1 -18.1 38 12.0 -9.1 310 23 280.9 281.1 273.5 284.1 1.10 12 834 1625 -5.9 -19.9 32 14.0 -9.3 310 25 281.5 281.7 273.6 284.3 0.94 13 829 1672 -6.1 -19.1 35 13.0 -9.3 310 26 281.8 281.9 273.9 284.8 1.02 14 818 1776 -5.3 -41.3 4 36.0 -10.5 310 30 283.7 283.7 273.5 284.1 0.13 15 797 1981 -3.9 -41.9 3 38.0 -9.7 313 31 287.3 287.3 275.5 287.7 0.12 16 733 2639 -5.5 -48.5 2 43.0 -11.2 328 32 292.5 292.5 278.0 292.7 0.06 17 714 2845 -4.9 -45.9 2 41.0 -10.9 330 32 295.4 295.4 279.4 295.7 0.09 18 700 3000 -5.5 -36.5 7 31.0 -11.1 330 32 296.4 296.4 280.1 297.2 0.24 19 675 3284 -5.9 -31.9 11 26.0 -11.2 338 30 299.0 299.1 281.5 300.4 0.39 20 587 4358 -14.5 -37.5 12 23.0 -18.0 340 39 301.2 301.3 282.2 302.1 0.26 21 553 4806 -17.7 -41.7 10 24.0 -20.7 340 39 302.6 302.6 282.7 303.2 0.18 22 533 5080 -20.3 -36.3 23 16.0 -22.5 337 38 302.7 302.8 282.9 303.8 0.32 23 523 5220 -20.9 -39.9 16 19.0 -23.2 335 39 303.6 303.7 283.2 304.4 0.23 24 500 5550 -23.3 -42.3 16 19.0 -25.4 330 45 304.6 304.7 283.5 305.3 0.18 25 499 5565 -23.3 -42.3 16 19.0 -25.4 330 45 304.8 304.8 283.6 305.5 0.19 26 448 6342 -30.1 -42.1 30 12.0 -31.2 329 46 305.8 305.8 284.0 306.5 0.21 27 431 6616 -31.7 -47.7 19 16.0 -32.9 328 49 307.2 307.2 284.4 307.6 0.12 28 429 6649 -31.9 -49.9 15 18.0 -33.1 327 50 307.3 307.3 284.4 307.7 0.09 29 427 6682 -31.9 -54.9 8 23.0 -33.2 327 50 307.7 307.7 284.5 307.9 0.05 30 406 7036 -34.3 -56.3 9 22.0 -35.4 326 54 309.1 309.1 285.0 309.3 0.05 31 400 7140 -35.3 -56.3 10 21.0 -36.3 325 55 309.1 309.1 285.1 309.3 0.05 32 395 7228 -35.7 -59.7 7 24.0 -36.7 325 55 309.7 309.7 285.2 309.8 0.03 33 341 8233 -44.1 -63.1 10 19.0 -44.6 324 64 311.6 311.6 285.9 311.7 0.02 34 332 8412 -45.7 -61.7 15 16.0 -46.1 323 64 311.8 311.8 286.0 311.9 0.03 35 321 8636 -47.7 -56.7 35 9.0 -48.0 322 66 312.0 312.0 286.1 312.2 0.06 36 307 8929 -50.1 -59.1 34 9.0 -50.3 321 67 312.7 312.7 286.4 312.8 0.04 37 301 9058 -50.9 -61.9 26 11.0 -51.1 320 68 313.3 313.3 286.5 313.4 0.03 38 300 9080 -51.3 -61.3 29 10.0 -51.5 320 68 313.0 313.0 286.5 313.2 0.03 39 283 9456 -54.1 -61.1 42 7.0 -54.2 323 72 314.3 314.3 286.9 314.4 0.04 40 272 9709 -56.1 -66.1 27 10.0 -56.2 322 75 315.0 315.0 287.1 315.0 0.02 41 262 9946 -57.7 -64.7 40 7.0 -57.8 321 79 316.0 316.0 287.5 316.1 0.02 42 261 9970 -57.7 -64.7 40 7.0 -57.8 321 79 316.4 316.4 287.6 316.5 0.02 43 255 10116 -58.5 -67.5 30 9.0 -58.6 320 82 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.4 0.02 44 254 10141 -58.8 -66.8 35 8.0 -58.9 320 82 317.2 317.2 287.8 317.3 0.02 45 253 10165 -59.1 -66.1 40 7.0 -59.2 320 82 317.1 317.1 287.8 317.2 0.02 46 250 10240 -59.3 -67.3 35 8.0 -59.4 320 81 317.9 317.9 288.1 318.0 0.02 47 246 10341 -59.3 -68.3 30 9.0 -59.4 320 82 319.4 319.4 288.6 319.4 0.02 48 242 10443 -60.1 -67.1 39 7.0 -60.2 320 81 319.7 319.7 288.6 319.8 0.02 49 241 10469 -59.9 -66.9 40 7.0 -60.0 320 81 320.4 320.4 288.9 320.4 0.02 50 234 10654 -59.7 -70.7 23 11.0 -59.8 316 79 323.4 323.4 289.8 323.4 0.01 51 233 10680 -58.1 -72.1 15 14.0 -58.2 316 79 326.2 326.2 290.6 326.2 0.01 52 230 10762 -57.7 -75.7 8 18.0 -57.9 314 78 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.0 0.01 53 229 10790 -57.7 -75.7 8 18.0 -57.9 314 78 328.4 328.4 291.3 328.4 0.01 54 220 11042 -58.1 -78.1 6 20.0 -58.3 309 75 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.00 55 214 11217 -55.7 -80.7 3 25.0 -55.9 306 74 338.0 338.0 293.8 338.0 0.00 56 207 11429 -55.3 -81.3 3 26.0 -55.6 307 70 341.8 341.8 294.7 341.8 0.00 57 202 11586 -53.7 -81.7 2 28.0 -54.0 309 67 346.7 346.7 295.9 346.8 0.00 58 200 11650 -53.5 -81.5 2 28.0 -53.8 310 66 348.0 348.0 296.2 348.1 0.00 59 150 13500 -54.3 -83.3 2 29.0 -54.7 305 62 376.5 376.5 301.7 376.5 0.00 60 100 16090 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -56.4 285 45 419.7 419.7 307.7 419.7 0.00 61 96 16350 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -55.1 289 42 427.4 427.4 308.6 427.4 0.00 62 85 17124 -56.9 -85.9 1 29.0 -57.4 301 42 437.7 437.7 309.6 437.7 0.00 63 72 18180 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -55.5 292 23 463.6 463.6 312.1 463.6 0.00 64 70 18360 -55.3 -85.3 1 30.0 -56.0 285 30 466.1 466.1 312.3 466.1 0.00 65 69 18452 -55.3 -85.3 1 30.0 -56.1 286 29 468.0 468.0 312.5 468.0 0.00 66 66 18737 -53.7 -84.7 1 31.0 -54.6 288 26 477.5 477.5 313.2 477.5 0.00 67 61 19243 -55.5 -85.5 1 30.0 -56.3 269 21 484.3 484.3 313.8 484.4 0.00 68 60 19349 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.2 265 22 489.3 489.3 314.2 489.3 0.00 69 54 20018 -58.7 -87.7 1 29.0 -59.3 259 10 494.2 494.2 314.5 494.2 0.00 70 53 20137 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -55.7 266 12 506.1 506.1 315.4 506.1 0.00 71 50 20510 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.5 315 23 512.7 512.7 315.8 512.7 0.00 72 47 20905 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.5 329 16 524.7 524.7 316.6 524.8 0.01 73 45 21182 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.4 40 7 528.9 528.9 316.9 528.9 0.01 74 43 21472 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.5 168 6 538.2 538.2 317.4 538.3 0.01 75 32 23344 -58.5 -87.5 1 29.0 -59.5 115 10 574.5 574.5 319.4 574.5 0.01 76 30 23750 -57.5 -87.5 1 30.0 -58.7 110 7 587.9 587.9 320.0 587.9 0.01 77 24 25172 -53.3 -85.3 1 32.0 -55.5 92 10 638.8 638.8 322.3 638.9 0.01 78 20 26350 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -54.5 80 10 678.5 678.5 323.7 678.7 0.02 79 18 27032 -52.7 -85.7 1 33.0 -55.6 93 14 695.5 695.5 324.3 695.6 0.01 80 17 27401 -52.5 -85.5 1 33.0 -55.6 90 12 707.6 707.6 324.7 707.7 0.02 81 16 27795 -50.7 -84.7 1 34.0 -54.5 92 13 725.9 725.9 325.3 726.0 0.02 82 15 28214 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -55.5 111 13 735.4 735.4 325.5 735.6 0.02 83 12 29675 -47.3 -83.3 1 36.0 -53.3 45 13 800.2 800.2 327.3 800.4 0.03 84 11 30248 -48.7 -83.7 1 35.0 -54.4 50 16 815.2 815.2 327.6 815.5 0.03 85 10 30880 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -52.8 130 12 851.2 851.2 328.4 851.6 0.04 86 9.8 31015 -43.7 -82.7 1 39.0 -52.1 861.4 861.4 328.7 861.8 0.04 87 8.3 32136 -41.9 -81.9 1 40.0 -52.0 910.4 910.4 329.7 911.0 0.06 88 8.0 32385 -42.7 -82.7 0 40.0 -52.5 916.8 916.9 329.8 917.4 0.05 89 7.7 32645 -40.1 -81.1 0 41.0 -51.6 937.4 937.4 330.1 938.2 0.07 TRP 242 10443 -60.1 -67.1 39 7.0 -60.2 320 81 319.7 319.7 288.6 319.8 0.02 WND 254 10141 -58.8 -66.8 35 8.0 -58.9 320 82 317.2 317.2 287.8 317.3 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5368.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Freezing level: 961.71 mb = 490.93 m = 1610.64 ft Freezing level: 929.33 mb = 769.26 m = 2523.77 ft Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.16 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 20.29 % Est. max temperature: 7.04 C = 44.68 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 979.42 mb = 342.91 m = 1125.01 ft T: -0.30 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.98 C/km ThetaE index: 1.22 C Layer 986.0- 968.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 580.09 mb = 4446.86 m = 14589.25 ft Mean mixing ratio: 2.03 g/kg Conv temperature: 27.91 C = 82.24 F Cap Strength: 17.75 C Lifted Index: 18.16 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 21.22 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 14.87 C Showalter Index: 16.99 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 26.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 17.80 C Cross Totals Index: 8.80 C K Index: -27.70 Risk: None Sweat Index: 89.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.47 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 28.82 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.59 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 69852.97 J/kg Cap Strength: 18.15 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 822.63 mb = 1732.15 m = 5682.84 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 359 at 24 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 995 215 210 5 2.5 4.3 | 184 28 2.0 28.1 1 948 610 295 13 11.8 -5.5 | 212 21 11.3 18.2 2 925 807 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 218 19 11.8 15.1 3 913 914 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 218 19 11.8 15.1 4 878 1219 285 17 16.4 -4.4 | 219 25 15.9 19.3 5 850 1476 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 240 19 16.3 9.6 6 845 1524 310 21 16.1 -13.5 | 237 19 15.6 10.2 7 813 1829 310 32 24.5 -20.6 | 262 24 24.0 3.2 8 782 2134 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 263 21 20.7 2.5 9 752 2438 325 31 17.8 -25.4 | 275 17 17.3 -1.7 10 723 2743 330 32 16.0 -27.7 | 284 16 15.5 -4.0 11 700 3000 330 32 16.0 -27.7 | 284 16 15.5 -4.0 12 668 3353 340 30 10.3 -28.2 | 295 11 9.7 -4.5 13 642 3658 340 37 12.7 -34.8 | 312 16 12.1 -11.0 14 592 4267 340 39 13.3 -36.6 | 315 18 12.8 -12.9 15 546 4877 340 39 13.3 -36.6 | 315 18 12.8 -12.9 16 525 5182 335 38 16.1 -34.4 | 305 19 15.5 -10.7 17 500 5550 330 45 22.5 -39.0 | 305 27 22.0 -15.2 18 463 6096 330 44 22.0 -38.1 | 304 26 21.5 -14.4 19 400 7140 325 55 31.5 -45.1 | 304 38 31.0 -21.3 20 373 7620 325 55 31.5 -45.1 | 304 38 31.0 -21.3 21 356 7925 325 62 35.6 -50.8 | 308 44 35.0 -27.0 22 300 9080 320 68 43.7 -52.1 | 303 52 43.2 -28.4 23 297 9144 325 67 38.4 -54.9 | 309 49 37.9 -31.1 24 254 10141 320 82 52.7 -62.8 | 307 65 52.2 -39.1 25 250 10240 320 81 52.1 -62.0 | 307 64 51.6 -38.3 26 245 10363 320 82 52.7 -62.8 | 307 65 52.2 -39.1 27 242 10443 320 81 52.1 -62.0 | 307 64 51.6 -38.3 28 212 11278 305 73 59.8 -41.9 | 287 62 59.3 -18.1 29 200 11650 310 66 50.6 -42.4 | 290 53 50.0 -18.7 30 184 12192 320 59 37.9 -45.2 | 300 43 37.4 -21.5 31 175 12497 310 51 39.1 -32.8 | 283 40 38.6 -9.0 32 150 13500 305 62 50.8 -35.6 | 283 52 50.3 -11.8 33 145 13716 305 63 51.6 -36.1 | 284 53 51.1 -12.4 34 126 14630 295 51 46.2 -21.6 | 267 46 45.7 2.2 35 114 15240 300 54 46.8 -27.0 | 274 46 46.3 -3.3 36 104 15850 305 42 34.4 -24.1 | 271 34 33.9 -0.4 37 100 16090 285 45 43.5 -11.6 | 254 45 43.0 12.1 38 99 16154 295 37 33.5 -15.6 | 256 34 33.0 8.1 39 94 16459 285 45 43.5 -11.6 | 254 45 43.0 12.1 40 86 17069 300 42 36.4 -21.0 | 266 36 35.9 2.7 41 82 17374 305 44 36.0 -25.2 | 272 36 35.5 -1.5 42 78 17678 315 39 27.6 -27.6 | 278 27 27.1 -3.8 43 74 17983 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 243 27 24.0 12.3 44 71 18288 290 21 19.7 -7.2 | 229 25 19.2 16.6 45 70 18360 285 30 29.0 -7.8 | 241 33 28.5 16.0 46 64 18898 290 24 22.6 -8.2 | 235 27 22.0 15.5 47 61 19202 270 21 21.0 -0.0 | 221 31 20.5 23.7 48 58 19507 260 23 22.7 4.0 | 219 35 22.1 27.7 49 56 19812 245 7 6.3 3.0 | 192 27 5.8 26.7 50 53 20117 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 205 27 11.4 24.8 51 51 20422 285 10 9.7 -2.6 | 203 23 9.1 21.2 52 50 20510 315 23 16.3 -16.3 | 245 17 15.7 7.5 53 48 20726 320 23 14.8 -17.6 | 247 16 14.3 6.1 54 46 21031 335 11 4.6 -10.0 | 197 14 4.1 13.8 55 44 21336 110 3 -2.8 1.0 | 172 25 -3.3 24.8 56 42 21641 245 10 9.1 4.2 | 197 29 8.5 28.0 57 40 21946 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 208 32 14.9 27.9 58 38 22250 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 185 14 1.2 13.9 59 31 23470 130 10 -7.7 6.4 | 165 31 -8.2 30.2 60 30 23750 110 7 -6.6 2.4 | 165 27 -7.1 26.1 61 30 23774 75 1 -1.0 -0.3 | 176 24 -1.5 23.5 62 27 24384 55 4 -3.3 -2.3 | 170 22 -3.8 21.4 63 25 24994 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 158 28 -10.4 25.5 64 21 25908 60 10 -8.7 -5.0 | 154 21 -9.2 18.7 65 20 26350 80 10 -9.8 -1.7 | 155 24 -10.4 22.0 66 19 26822 95 15 -14.9 1.3 | 148 29 -15.5 25.0 67 17 27432 90 12 -12.0 0.0 | 152 27 -12.5 23.7 68 16 27737 90 13 -13.0 0.0 | 150 27 -13.5 23.7 69 15 28042 100 15 -14.8 2.6 | 150 30 -15.3 26.3 70 14 28651 135 10 -7.1 7.1 | 166 32 -7.6 30.8 71 13 29261 10 1 -0.2 -1.0 | 178 23 -0.7 22.8 72 12 29566 15 10 -2.6 -9.7 | 168 14 -3.1 14.1 73 12 29870 90 17 -17.0 0.0 | 144 30 -17.5 23.7 74 11 30175 40 17 -10.9 -13.0 | 133 16 -11.4 10.7 75 10 30880 130 12 -9.2 7.7 | 163 33 -9.7 31.5 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 328.8 at 31.7 knts Storm direction: 358.8 at 23.7 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 6.1 neg: 0.9 tot: 7.0 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 106.2 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 235.8 neg: -0.4 tot: 235.4 m^2/s^2 ave: 78.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.67 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.2 stream: 6.9 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.04 Bulk Rich Number: 0.33 Bulk Shear: 88.26 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 282 10 203 23| 15.4 0.0 15.4| 96.1 0.0 96.1 192.3 0.81| 17.7 14.4 1000 293 13 211 22| 7.7 2.6 10.3|104.8 -0.4 104.4 104.4 0.63| 12.6 8.0 1500 299 16 219 21| 9.9 1.7 11.6|177.3 -0.4 176.9 117.9 0.70| 14.0 9.8 2000 304 19 231 20| 8.3 1.3 9.6|203.9 -0.4 203.4 101.7 0.67| 12.6 8.5 2500 310 22 239 19| 7.4 1.0 8.4|229.3 -0.4 228.8 91.5 0.69| 11.4 7.9 3000 315 24 246 18| 6.1 0.9 7.0|235.8 -0.4 235.4 78.5 0.67| 10.2 6.9 4000 324 27 262 15| 5.4 0.6 6.1|256.6 -0.4 256.2 64.0 0.66| 9.0 5.9 5000 328 29 274 15| 4.4 0.9 5.2|257.0 -17.1 239.8 48.0 0.58| 7.6 4.4 6000 329 32 282 16| 3.6 1.3 4.9|258.4 -20.8 237.6 39.6 0.51| 7.1 3.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250417.12.gif