UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041700.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 17 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 17 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 130 SFC 989 215 4.4 -1.6 65 6.0 1.9 280 14 278.4 279.0 275.6 288.0 3.43 2 925 759 -1.1 -3.3 85 2.2 -2.0 280 20 278.2 278.7 275.2 287.2 3.23 3 894 1030 -3.7 -3.8 99 0.1 -3.7 287 20 278.2 278.8 275.2 287.2 3.22 4 853 1399 -5.9 -5.9 100 0.0 -5.9 303 23 279.7 280.2 275.5 287.8 2.88 5 850 1427 -6.1 -6.1 100 0.0 -6.1 305 24 279.8 280.2 275.5 287.8 2.85 6 849 1436 -6.1 -6.1 100 0.0 -6.1 305 24 279.8 280.3 275.6 287.9 2.85 7 841 1511 -4.1 -6.6 83 2.5 -5.0 309 27 282.7 283.2 277.0 290.6 2.77 8 782 2079 -8.9 -9.0 99 0.1 -8.9 314 34 283.5 283.9 277.0 290.6 2.47 9 778 2119 -7.7 -10.9 78 3.2 -8.7 315 35 285.2 285.6 277.4 291.4 2.14 10 774 2159 -7.7 -11.6 74 3.9 -8.9 316 35 285.6 286.0 277.4 291.6 2.03 11 760 2301 -7.7 -12.4 69 4.7 -9.2 323 36 287.1 287.5 278.1 292.9 1.94 12 727 2645 -10.3 -14.5 71 4.2 -11.5 330 35 287.9 288.2 278.2 293.0 1.71 13 716 2763 -10.7 -17.7 56 7.0 -12.5 330 34 288.8 289.0 278.0 292.8 1.33 14 706 2871 -11.5 -19.5 52 8.0 -13.5 330 34 289.0 289.2 277.9 292.6 1.15 15 703 2903 -11.7 -17.7 61 6.0 -13.2 330 34 289.2 289.4 278.3 293.3 1.35 16 700 2936 -11.7 -18.7 56 7.0 -13.5 330 34 289.5 289.7 278.3 293.3 1.25 17 689 3057 -12.7 -18.7 61 6.0 -14.2 330 30 289.7 290.0 278.4 293.6 1.27 18 684 3113 -12.9 -17.9 66 5.0 -14.2 326 30 290.1 290.4 278.7 294.3 1.37 19 646 3546 -16.1 -20.3 70 4.2 -17.0 310 29 291.3 291.5 279.0 294.9 1.18 20 631 3722 -17.1 -22.1 65 5.0 -18.1 311 29 292.1 292.3 279.2 295.3 1.03 21 606 4025 -18.5 -26.5 49 8.0 -20.0 316 29 293.9 294.0 279.6 296.2 0.72 22 601 4087 -18.7 -28.7 41 10.0 -20.4 317 29 294.3 294.4 279.7 296.3 0.59 23 600 4099 -18.7 -28.7 41 10.0 -20.4 317 29 294.5 294.6 279.7 296.4 0.60 24 597 4137 -18.3 -39.3 14 21.0 -20.9 318 29 295.4 295.4 279.6 296.1 0.21 25 596 4149 -18.3 -38.3 16 20.0 -20.8 318 29 295.5 295.5 279.7 296.3 0.23 26 568 4508 -19.5 -45.5 8 26.0 -22.2 318 29 298.2 298.2 280.7 298.6 0.12 27 514 5241 -25.9 -46.9 12 21.0 -27.6 321 29 299.1 299.1 281.1 299.5 0.11 28 500 5440 -27.7 -43.7 20 16.0 -29.1 325 29 299.3 299.3 281.3 299.8 0.16 29 481 5717 -30.3 -43.3 27 13.0 -31.3 325 29 299.4 299.4 281.3 300.0 0.17 30 475 5806 -30.9 -48.9 15 18.0 -32.1 325 29 299.7 299.7 281.4 300.1 0.09 31 468 5911 -31.7 -47.7 19 16.0 -32.8 321 31 300.0 300.0 281.5 300.4 0.11 32 452 6156 -33.1 -54.1 10 21.0 -34.2 316 36 301.3 301.3 282.0 301.5 0.05 33 448 6219 -33.1 -57.1 7 24.0 -34.3 316 37 302.0 302.0 282.3 302.2 0.04 34 446 6250 -32.9 -59.9 5 27.0 -34.1 317 38 302.7 302.7 282.5 302.8 0.03 35 423 6621 -34.1 -56.1 9 22.0 -35.2 321 49 305.7 305.8 283.8 305.9 0.05 36 400 7010 -37.1 -58.1 9 21.0 -37.9 325 61 306.8 306.8 284.1 306.9 0.04 37 337 8172 -46.5 -62.5 15 16.0 -46.9 323 66 309.4 309.4 285.1 309.4 0.03 38 324 8433 -47.7 -65.7 11 18.0 -48.1 322 69 311.2 311.2 285.8 311.3 0.02 39 307 8789 -48.7 -69.7 7 21.0 -49.1 321 72 314.6 314.6 287.0 314.7 0.01 40 300 8940 -49.7 -69.7 8 20.0 -50.0 320 74 315.3 315.3 287.2 315.3 0.01 41 262 9818 -53.5 -71.6 9 18.1 -53.7 315 78 322.2 322.2 289.5 322.2 0.01 42 260 9867 -53.7 -71.7 9 18.0 -53.9 315 77 322.6 322.6 289.6 322.6 0.01 43 250 10120 -52.5 -73.5 6 21.0 -52.8 315 68 328.0 328.0 291.2 328.0 0.01 44 200 11560 -50.1 -81.1 1 31.0 -50.6 310 58 353.4 353.4 297.4 353.4 0.00 45 199 11593 -49.9 -80.9 1 31.0 -50.4 310 58 354.3 354.3 297.5 354.3 0.00 46 175 12430 -50.7 -81.7 1 31.0 -51.2 303 50 366.2 366.2 299.9 366.2 0.00 47 166 12772 -52.7 -82.7 1 30.0 -53.1 300 46 368.4 368.4 300.3 368.4 0.00 48 158 13092 -50.7 -82.7 1 32.0 -51.2 302 48 377.1 377.1 301.8 377.1 0.00 49 150 13430 -51.1 -83.1 1 32.0 -51.7 305 51 382.0 382.0 302.6 382.0 0.00 50 122 14764 -54.1 -84.1 1 30.0 -54.6 296 55 399.8 399.8 305.2 399.8 0.00 51 120 14870 -53.1 -84.1 1 31.0 -53.7 295 56 403.5 403.5 305.7 403.5 0.00 52 113 15256 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -55.6 300 53 406.8 406.8 306.1 406.8 0.00 53 100 16040 -52.7 -84.7 1 32.0 -53.4 310 38 425.9 425.9 308.4 425.9 0.00 54 97 16237 -52.5 -84.5 1 32.0 -53.2 309 37 430.0 430.0 308.9 430.0 0.00 55 83 17242 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -54.6 281 31 446.8 446.8 310.6 446.8 0.00 56 80 17479 -52.9 -84.9 1 32.0 -53.7 277 33 453.6 453.6 311.2 453.6 0.00 57 76 17809 -54.3 -86.3 1 32.0 -55.1 288 23 457.3 457.3 311.5 457.3 0.00 58 76 17809 -52.1 -85.1 1 33.0 -53.1 288 23 461.9 461.9 312.0 462.0 0.00 59 75 17895 -51.9 -84.9 1 33.0 -52.9 286 22 464.1 464.1 312.1 464.1 0.00 60 70 18340 -54.3 -85.3 1 31.0 -55.1 290 22 468.2 468.2 312.5 468.2 0.00 61 69 18432 -54.7 -85.7 1 31.0 -55.5 290 24 469.3 469.3 312.6 469.3 0.00 62 66 18716 -53.5 -85.5 1 32.0 -54.4 300 23 477.9 477.9 313.3 477.9 0.00 63 61 19217 -57.7 -86.7 1 29.0 -58.3 294 11 479.4 479.4 313.4 479.5 0.00 64 57 19646 -55.5 -86.5 1 31.0 -56.3 291 22 493.8 493.8 314.5 493.9 0.00 65 54 19989 -56.5 -86.5 1 30.0 -57.3 310 17 499.2 499.2 314.9 499.2 0.00 66 52 20229 -54.5 -86.5 1 32.0 -55.5 291 13 509.3 509.3 315.6 509.3 0.00 67 50 20480 -52.9 -85.9 1 33.0 -54.2 170 6 518.8 518.8 316.2 518.8 0.00 68 47 20881 -51.7 -85.7 1 34.0 -53.2 210 9 531.0 531.0 317.0 531.0 0.01 69 39 22078 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -57.9 355 13 546.9 546.9 317.9 546.9 0.01 70 38 22244 -55.1 -87.1 1 32.0 -56.4 27 12 555.6 555.6 318.4 555.6 0.01 71 36 22590 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.1 14 5 565.3 565.3 318.9 565.3 0.01 72 34 22954 -56.9 -86.9 1 30.0 -58.0 35 3 568.8 568.8 319.1 568.8 0.01 73 30 23750 -55.5 -87.5 1 32.0 -57.0 230 5 593.3 593.3 320.3 593.4 0.01 74 28 24191 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -55.5 286 4 610.7 610.7 321.1 610.8 0.01 75 25 24916 -54.9 -86.9 1 32.0 -56.8 360 2 626.8 626.8 321.7 626.9 0.01 76 23 25450 -53.3 -86.3 1 33.0 -55.6 30 6 646.7 646.7 322.6 646.7 0.01 77 20 26350 -52.5 -86.5 1 34.0 -55.3 55 5 675.5 675.5 323.6 675.6 0.01 78 16 27803 -49.3 -85.3 1 36.0 -53.6 55 3 730.4 730.4 325.4 730.6 0.02 79 15 28225 -50.5 -85.5 1 35.0 -54.6 55 3 740.0 740.1 325.7 740.2 0.02 80 15 28225 -48.9 -84.9 1 36.0 -53.5 55 3 745.4 745.4 325.8 745.5 0.02 81 12 29694 -47.9 -84.9 1 37.0 -53.7 10 4 798.0 798.0 327.2 798.2 0.02 82 12 29694 -47.7 -84.7 1 37.0 -53.5 10 4 798.7 798.8 327.2 799.0 0.03 83 11 30267 -48.3 -85.3 1 37.0 -54.2 354 10 816.7 816.7 327.7 816.9 0.02 84 10 30901 -44.3 -83.3 1 39.0 -52.4 19 10 854.2 854.2 328.5 854.5 0.04 TRP 260 9867 -53.7 -71.7 9 18.0 -53.9 315 77 322.6 322.6 289.6 322.6 0.01 WND 262 9818 -53.5 -71.6 9 18.1 -53.7 315 78 322.2 322.2 289.5 322.2 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5310.00 m Freezing level: 937.80 mb = 650.20 m = 2133.18 ft Wetbulb zero: 957.64 mb = 476.99 m = 1564.92 ft Precipitable water: 0.36 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 58.74 % Est. max temperature: 8.69 C = 47.65 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 901.46 mb = 963.75 m = 3161.88 ft T: -3.07 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.39 C/km ThetaE index: 0.79 C Layer 925.0- 894.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 896.42 mb = 1008.29 m = 3308.01 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.29 g/kg Conv temperature: 4.19 C = 39.54 F Cap Strength: 10.63 C Lifted Index: 10.48 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 19.77 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 5.62 C Showalter Index: 10.19 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 43.20 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 21.60 C Cross Totals Index: 21.60 C K Index: 8.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 77.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.57 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 0.77 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 1.24 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.64 J/kg Cap Strength: 10.62 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 895.59 mb = 1015.69 m = 3332.28 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 890.59 mb = 1059.89 m = 3477.30 ft Equ Level (EL): 880.59 mb = 1148.79 m = 3768.96 ft B at Equ Level: 0.74 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 860.59 mb = 1329.67 m = 4362.37 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 345 at 21 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 989 215 280 14 13.8 -2.4 | 204 20 8.2 18.2 1 942 610 275 20 19.9 -1.7 | 217 24 14.3 18.9 2 925 759 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 219 22 14.1 17.1 3 907 914 285 21 20.3 -5.4 | 224 21 14.7 15.2 4 873 1219 290 18 16.9 -6.2 | 218 18 11.3 14.5 5 850 1427 305 24 19.7 -13.8 | 244 16 14.0 6.9 6 839 1524 310 27 20.7 -17.4 | 258 15 15.1 3.3 7 807 1829 310 30 23.0 -19.3 | 266 17 17.4 1.3 8 776 2134 315 35 24.7 -24.7 | 282 20 19.1 -4.1 9 746 2438 330 36 18.0 -31.2 | 310 16 12.4 -10.6 10 718 2743 330 34 17.0 -29.4 | 308 14 11.4 -8.8 11 700 2936 330 34 17.0 -29.4 | 308 14 11.4 -8.8 12 690 3048 330 30 15.0 -26.0 | 300 11 9.4 -5.4 13 662 3353 310 30 23.0 -19.3 | 266 17 17.4 1.3 14 635 3658 310 29 22.2 -18.6 | 263 17 16.6 2.0 15 585 4267 320 29 18.6 -22.2 | 277 13 13.0 -1.6 16 539 4877 315 30 21.2 -21.2 | 272 16 15.6 -0.6 17 500 5440 325 29 16.6 -23.8 | 286 11 11.0 -3.1 18 476 5791 325 29 16.6 -23.8 | 286 11 11.0 -3.1 19 455 6096 315 34 24.0 -24.0 | 281 19 18.4 -3.4 20 400 7010 325 61 35.0 -50.0 | 315 42 29.4 -29.4 21 400 7010 325 62 35.6 -50.8 | 315 43 29.9 -30.2 22 365 7620 325 60 34.4 -49.1 | 315 41 28.8 -28.5 23 300 8940 320 74 47.6 -56.7 | 311 55 41.9 -36.1 24 291 9144 320 74 47.6 -56.7 | 311 55 41.9 -36.1 25 262 9818 315 78 55.2 -55.2 | 305 60 49.5 -34.5 26 260 9867 315 77 54.4 -54.4 | 305 59 48.8 -33.8 27 252 10058 315 78 55.2 -55.2 | 305 60 49.5 -34.5 28 250 10120 315 68 48.1 -48.1 | 303 51 42.5 -27.5 29 200 11560 310 58 44.4 -37.3 | 293 42 38.8 -16.7 30 165 12802 300 46 39.8 -23.0 | 274 34 34.2 -2.4 31 150 13430 305 51 41.8 -29.3 | 283 37 36.2 -8.6 32 119 14935 295 56 50.8 -23.7 | 274 45 45.1 -3.1 33 113 15240 300 53 45.9 -26.5 | 278 41 40.3 -5.9 34 100 16040 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 279 24 23.5 -3.8 35 98 16154 310 38 29.1 -24.4 | 279 24 23.5 -3.8 36 85 17069 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 232 18 14.3 11.3 37 81 17374 270 37 37.0 -0.0 | 237 38 31.4 20.6 38 78 17678 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 236 22 17.9 12.1 39 74 17983 285 21 20.3 -5.4 | 224 21 14.7 15.2 40 71 18288 275 24 23.9 -2.1 | 225 26 18.3 18.5 41 70 18340 290 22 20.7 -7.5 | 229 20 15.1 13.1 42 67 18593 290 27 25.4 -9.2 | 240 23 19.7 11.4 43 64 18898 315 18 12.7 -12.7 | 222 11 7.1 7.9 44 61 19202 295 10 9.1 -4.2 | 192 17 3.4 16.4 45 58 19507 275 22 21.9 -1.9 | 221 25 16.3 18.7 46 56 19812 310 22 16.9 -14.1 | 240 13 11.2 6.5 47 53 20117 310 14 10.7 -9.0 | 204 13 5.1 11.6 48 50 20422 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 191 23 4.2 22.4 49 50 20480 170 6 -1.0 5.9 | 166 27 -6.7 26.5 50 46 21031 225 10 7.1 7.1 | 183 28 1.4 27.7 51 44 21336 255 18 17.4 4.7 | 205 28 11.8 25.3 52 42 21641 290 24 22.6 -8.2 | 234 21 16.9 12.4 53 40 21946 330 14 7.0 -12.1 | 189 9 1.4 8.5 54 38 22250 30 12 -6.0 -10.4 | 131 15 -11.6 10.2 55 34 22860 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 165 21 -5.6 20.6 56 33 23165 120 11 -9.5 5.5 | 150 30 -15.1 26.1 57 30 23750 230 5 3.8 3.2 | 176 24 -1.8 23.8 58 27 24384 310 3 2.3 -1.9 | 170 19 -3.3 18.7 59 24 25298 35 1 -0.6 -0.8 | 163 21 -6.2 19.8 60 22 25603 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 140 15 -9.8 11.6 61 20 26213 70 16 -15.0 -5.5 | 126 26 -20.7 15.1 62 20 26350 55 5 -4.1 -2.9 | 151 20 -9.7 17.7 63 14 27432 55 2 -1.6 -1.1 | 160 21 -7.3 19.5 64 12 27737 20 1 -0.3 -0.9 | 163 21 -6.0 19.7 65 11 28042 350 10 1.7 -9.8 | 160 11 -3.9 10.8 66 9 28651 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 137 19 -12.7 13.5 67 8 28956 40 12 -7.7 -9.2 | 131 18 -13.3 11.4 68 7 29566 65 20 -18.1 -8.5 | 117 27 -23.7 12.2 69 6 29870 75 15 -14.5 -3.9 | 130 26 -20.1 16.7 70 5 30175 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 139 23 -15.0 17.2 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 314.7 at 28.5 knts Storm direction: 344.7 at 21.4 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 4.6 neg: 1.8 tot: 6.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 74.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 167.9 neg: -34.2 tot: 133.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 44.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.48 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.2 stream: 4.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.00 Bulk Rich Number: 0.02 Bulk Shear: 43.44 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 277 18 213 22| 0.0 6.2 6.2| 31.7 0.0 31.7 63.3 0.75| 7.5 5.7 1000 281 19 217 21| 2.2 3.1 5.3| 43.2 -10.5 32.7 32.7 0.41| 6.8 2.8 1500 291 21 226 19| 5.4 2.1 7.5| 98.6 -10.5 88.1 58.7 0.68| 9.2 6.3 2000 299 24 238 18| 6.1 1.5 7.7|139.2 -10.5 128.7 64.3 0.74| 9.3 6.9 2500 307 26 252 16| 5.5 1.2 6.7|167.9 -12.4 155.6 62.2 0.73| 9.1 6.7 3000 311 27 259 15| 4.6 1.8 6.4|167.9 -34.2 133.8 44.6 0.48| 9.2 4.4 4000 312 28 262 15| 3.9 1.9 5.8|180.4 -51.3 129.1 32.3 0.39| 8.2 3.2 5000 313 28 264 15| 3.3 1.7 4.9|187.9 -55.0 132.9 26.6 0.38| 7.1 2.7 6000 315 28 268 15| 2.8 2.0 4.8|203.4 -59.1 144.3 24.0 0.35| 7.0 2.4 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250417.00.gif