UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041612.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 16 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 16 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 78 SFC 983 215 1.8 -1.4 79 3.2 0.5 270 13 276.3 276.9 274.5 285.9 3.51 2 967 347 0.6 -3.3 75 3.9 -0.9 273 16 276.4 276.9 274.0 284.9 3.09 3 925 703 -2.5 -4.3 87 1.8 -3.1 280 26 276.8 277.3 274.0 285.1 3.00 4 894 972 -5.1 -5.1 100 0.0 -5.1 287 27 276.8 277.3 273.9 284.9 2.92 5 893 981 -5.1 -5.1 100 0.0 -5.1 287 27 276.9 277.4 274.0 285.0 2.92 6 850 1367 -7.9 -7.9 100 0.0 -7.9 300 28 277.9 278.3 273.9 284.8 2.48 7 806 1778 -10.3 -10.7 97 0.4 -10.4 300 32 279.6 279.9 274.3 285.6 2.10 8 789 1943 -8.9 -9.1 98 0.2 -8.9 306 36 282.8 283.2 276.5 289.8 2.43 9 775 2081 -8.9 -9.2 98 0.3 -9.0 312 42 284.2 284.7 277.3 291.3 2.45 10 713 2722 -12.5 -12.9 97 0.4 -12.6 320 41 287.1 287.5 278.2 293.0 1.98 11 706 2798 -12.3 -13.5 91 1.2 -12.6 320 39 288.2 288.5 278.5 293.8 1.91 12 700 2863 -12.7 -13.9 91 1.2 -13.0 320 38 288.4 288.7 278.6 294.0 1.86 13 672 3173 -14.5 -16.5 85 2.0 -15.0 320 37 289.8 290.1 278.9 294.5 1.56 14 634 3612 -17.7 -19.0 90 1.3 -18.0 320 35 291.0 291.2 279.1 295.1 1.34 15 579 4285 -22.5 -24.0 88 1.5 -22.8 310 39 293.0 293.2 279.6 296.0 0.95 16 573 4361 -22.9 -24.6 86 1.7 -23.2 311 40 293.5 293.6 279.7 296.3 0.91 17 560 4529 -23.7 -26.4 78 2.7 -24.2 312 41 294.4 294.6 280.0 297.0 0.79 18 539 4808 -25.3 -27.5 82 2.2 -25.6 314 43 295.8 295.9 280.5 298.2 0.74 19 519 5081 -26.7 -30.5 70 3.8 -27.2 315 45 297.3 297.4 281.0 299.2 0.58 20 505 5278 -27.5 -32.5 62 5.0 -28.2 315 44 298.7 298.7 281.4 300.3 0.49 21 500 5350 -27.9 -32.7 63 4.8 -28.5 315 42 299.0 299.1 281.6 300.6 0.49 22 475 5717 -29.5 -35.5 56 6.0 -30.2 315 39 301.5 301.5 282.5 302.8 0.39 23 459 5960 -31.1 -38.1 50 7.0 -31.8 315 37 302.4 302.5 282.8 303.5 0.31 24 446 6163 -32.5 -40.5 45 8.0 -33.2 315 36 303.2 303.2 283.0 304.0 0.25 25 429 6435 -34.9 -41.9 49 7.0 -35.4 315 34 303.5 303.5 283.1 304.3 0.22 26 418 6616 -36.1 -45.1 39 9.0 -36.7 315 33 304.2 304.2 283.3 304.8 0.16 27 416 6649 -36.3 -45.3 39 9.0 -36.9 315 32 304.4 304.4 283.4 305.0 0.16 28 408 6784 -37.3 -45.3 43 8.0 -37.8 313 30 304.8 304.8 283.5 305.4 0.16 29 400 6920 -38.3 -46.3 43 8.0 -38.8 310 26 305.2 305.2 283.7 305.7 0.15 30 384 7199 -40.9 -47.9 47 7.0 -41.2 304 24 305.4 305.4 283.7 305.8 0.13 31 383 7217 -41.1 -49.1 42 8.0 -41.5 304 24 305.3 305.4 283.7 305.8 0.11 32 381 7253 -41.5 -48.5 47 7.0 -41.8 303 24 305.3 305.3 283.7 305.7 0.12 33 378 7306 -41.9 -48.9 46 7.0 -42.2 302 24 305.4 305.5 283.7 305.9 0.12 34 376 7342 -42.3 -49.3 46 7.0 -42.6 301 24 305.4 305.4 283.7 305.8 0.11 35 374 7378 -42.7 -52.7 33 10.0 -43.1 300 23 305.3 305.3 283.6 305.6 0.08 36 338 8053 -48.7 -54.7 50 6.0 -48.8 289 20 306.1 306.1 283.9 306.3 0.07 37 329 8230 -49.5 -59.5 30 10.0 -49.7 288 21 307.4 307.4 284.4 307.5 0.04 38 319 8432 -51.3 -58.3 43 7.0 -51.5 287 22 307.6 307.6 284.5 307.8 0.05 39 317 8473 -51.5 -60.5 33 9.0 -51.7 287 22 307.9 307.9 284.5 308.0 0.03 40 314 8535 -51.5 -63.5 23 12.0 -51.7 287 22 308.7 308.7 284.9 308.8 0.02 41 301 8809 -52.9 -63.9 25 11.0 -53.1 285 24 310.5 310.5 285.5 310.6 0.02 42 300 8830 -52.9 -63.9 25 11.0 -53.1 285 24 310.8 310.8 285.7 310.9 0.02 43 288 9092 -53.7 -67.7 16 14.0 -53.9 295 31 313.3 313.3 286.5 313.3 0.01 44 284 9181 -52.7 -69.7 11 17.0 -52.9 287 31 316.0 316.0 287.4 316.0 0.01 45 274 9413 -50.9 -69.9 9 19.0 -51.2 298 34 321.8 321.8 289.3 321.9 0.01 46 273 9437 -50.1 -69.1 9 19.0 -50.4 300 34 323.3 323.3 289.8 323.4 0.01 47 261 9729 -49.9 -68.9 9 19.0 -50.3 300 39 327.8 327.8 291.1 327.9 0.01 48 250 10010 -49.7 -69.7 8 20.0 -50.1 300 43 332.2 332.2 292.3 332.2 0.01 49 218 10911 -47.1 -68.1 7 21.0 -47.7 300 49 349.5 349.5 296.5 349.5 0.02 50 200 11480 -47.7 -67.7 8 20.0 -48.3 305 46 357.2 357.2 298.2 357.3 0.02 51 150 13370 -50.7 -71.7 7 21.0 -51.2 295 45 382.7 382.7 302.7 382.8 0.02 52 132 14199 -52.1 -73.1 6 21.0 -52.7 295 46 394.5 394.5 304.5 394.5 0.01 53 105 15690 -48.9 -70.9 6 22.0 -49.8 285 38 427.2 427.2 308.6 427.4 0.03 54 100 16010 -49.9 -70.9 7 21.0 -50.8 285 29 431.3 431.3 309.0 431.5 0.03 55 86 16988 -53.3 -73.3 7 20.0 -54.0 273 27 443.5 443.5 310.3 443.6 0.02 56 84 17141 -50.7 -72.7 6 22.0 -51.7 271 31 451.7 451.7 311.0 451.9 0.02 57 75 17875 -52.7 -73.7 6 21.0 -53.5 284 23 462.4 462.4 312.0 462.6 0.02 58 73 18050 -52.5 -73.5 6 21.0 -53.4 275 23 466.4 466.4 312.4 466.6 0.03 59 70 18320 -54.3 -76.3 5 22.0 -55.1 275 26 468.2 468.2 312.5 468.3 0.02 60 67 18600 -55.3 -76.3 6 21.0 -56.0 280 27 472.0 472.0 312.8 472.1 0.02 61 62 19098 -51.7 -72.7 6 21.0 -52.8 275 19 490.5 490.5 314.2 490.7 0.03 62 60 19310 -53.7 -74.7 6 21.0 -54.6 249 13 490.7 490.7 314.3 490.8 0.03 63 54 19986 -54.1 -76.1 5 22.0 -55.1 271 16 504.8 504.8 315.3 504.9 0.02 64 51 20352 -53.9 -75.9 5 22.0 -55.0 234 14 513.5 513.5 315.9 513.7 0.02 65 50 20480 -52.3 -73.3 6 21.0 -53.6 260 25 520.2 520.2 316.4 520.5 0.04 66 49 20610 -51.9 -73.9 5 22.0 -53.3 260 25 524.2 524.2 316.6 524.4 0.04 67 41 21751 -56.1 -77.1 6 21.0 -57.1 33 7 541.1 541.1 317.6 541.3 0.03 68 34 22944 -54.1 -77.1 4 23.0 -55.6 67 8 576.2 576.2 319.5 576.4 0.03 69 32 23330 -56.1 -79.1 4 23.0 -57.4 54 11 580.9 580.9 319.7 581.0 0.02 70 30 23740 -55.9 -77.9 5 22.0 -57.3 50 7 592.2 592.3 320.3 592.5 0.03 71 28 24181 -56.3 -79.3 4 23.0 -57.7 88 7 602.9 602.9 320.7 603.1 0.03 72 20 26340 -53.7 -78.7 3 25.0 -56.1 80 14 671.8 671.8 323.5 672.1 0.04 73 19 26670 -53.3 -77.3 4 24.0 -55.9 60 13 683.0 683.0 323.9 683.4 0.05 74 18 27018 -53.7 -78.7 3 25.0 -56.3 82 13 692.4 692.4 324.2 692.7 0.05 75 16 27778 -52.3 -78.3 3 26.0 -55.6 63 6 720.6 720.7 325.1 721.1 0.05 76 15 28198 -49.7 -78.7 2 29.0 -54.0 72 11 742.7 742.7 325.7 743.2 0.05 77 13 29133 -50.5 -76.5 3 26.0 -54.9 59 14 771.0 771.0 326.5 771.8 0.09 78 13 29133 -49.5 -76.5 3 27.0 -54.2 59 14 774.4 774.5 326.6 775.3 0.09 79 12 29657 -49.9 -76.9 3 27.0 -54.7 83 13 790.9 791.0 327.0 791.8 0.09 80 12 29657 -48.3 -76.3 2 28.0 -53.8 83 13 796.6 796.7 327.2 797.6 0.10 81 11 30229 -48.7 -76.7 2 28.0 -54.3 104 12 815.2 815.3 327.6 816.2 0.10 82 10 30860 -45.7 -76.7 2 31.0 -52.9 40 11 849.0 849.0 328.4 850.1 0.11 83 9.7 31063 -45.3 -76.3 2 31.0 -52.9 50 11 857.9 858.0 328.6 859.2 0.12 84 9.5 31202 -43.7 -75.7 2 32.0 -52.1 57 11 869.1 869.2 328.8 870.5 0.14 85 9.2 31417 -43.9 -75.9 2 32.0 -52.4 68 12 876.3 876.4 329.0 877.8 0.14 86 7.2 33078 -39.3 -77.3 1 38.0 -51.5 151 14 958.8 958.9 330.5 960.5 0.14 87 7.0 33270 -39.9 -77.9 1 38.0 -51.9 160 14 964.1 964.2 330.6 965.6 0.13 88 6.7 33570 -39.3 -78.3 1 39.0 -51.9 978.8 978.8 330.8 980.3 0.13 TRP 288 9092 -53.7 -67.7 16 14.0 -53.9 295 31 313.3 313.3 286.5 313.3 0.01 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5272.00 m Freezing level: 958.87 mb = 416.27 m = 1365.69 ft Wetbulb zero: 977.44 mb = 260.77 m = 855.52 ft Precipitable water: 0.40 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 88.52 % Est. max temperature: 4.01 C = 39.21 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 935.27 mb = 614.57 m = 2016.27 ft T: -1.73 C 700-500 lapse rate: 6.11 C/km ThetaE index: 0.99 C Layer 967.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 901.14 mb = 909.40 m = 2983.56 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.04 g/kg Conv temperature: 2.27 C = 36.08 F Cap Strength: 11.86 C Lifted Index: 12.10 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 18.27 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 6.26 C Showalter Index: 12.28 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 40.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 20.00 C Cross Totals Index: 20.00 C K Index: 10.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 98.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.30 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.77 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.74 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.95 J/kg Cap Strength: 11.97 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 902.80 mb = 894.88 m = 2935.91 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 887.80 mb = 1026.72 m = 3368.48 ft Equ Level (EL): 837.80 mb = 1478.81 m = 4851.67 ft B at Equ Level: 3.73 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 807.80 mb = 1760.89 m = 5777.13 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 341 at 27 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 983 215 270 13 13.0 -0.0 | 189 26 4.2 25.6 1 936 610 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 211 25 12.8 21.8 2 925 703 280 26 25.6 -4.5 | 219 27 16.8 21.1 3 900 914 285 27 26.1 -7.0 | 223 25 17.2 18.6 4 866 1219 295 27 24.5 -11.4 | 228 21 15.6 14.2 5 850 1367 300 28 24.2 -14.0 | 233 19 15.4 11.6 6 801 1829 300 32 27.7 -16.0 | 243 21 18.9 9.6 7 770 2134 315 44 31.1 -31.1 | 284 23 22.3 -5.5 8 740 2438 315 47 33.2 -33.2 | 287 26 24.4 -7.6 9 711 2743 320 40 25.7 -30.6 | 287 18 16.9 -5.0 10 700 2863 320 38 24.4 -29.1 | 283 16 15.6 -3.5 11 629 3658 320 35 22.5 -26.8 | 275 14 13.7 -1.2 12 579 4267 310 39 29.9 -25.1 | 269 21 21.0 0.5 13 533 4877 315 44 31.1 -31.1 | 284 23 22.3 -5.5 14 512 5182 315 46 32.5 -32.5 | 286 25 23.7 -6.9 15 500 5350 315 42 29.7 -29.7 | 281 21 20.9 -4.1 16 450 6096 315 36 25.5 -25.5 | 270 17 16.6 0.1 17 412 6706 315 32 22.6 -22.6 | 258 14 13.8 3.0 18 400 6920 310 26 19.9 -16.7 | 231 14 11.1 8.9 19 360 7620 295 22 19.9 -9.3 | 214 20 11.1 16.3 20 344 7925 290 19 17.9 -6.5 | 205 21 9.0 19.1 21 300 8830 285 24 23.2 -6.2 | 217 24 14.3 19.4 22 300 8839 295 25 22.7 -10.6 | 223 20 13.8 15.0 23 288 9092 295 31 28.1 -13.1 | 237 23 19.3 12.5 24 286 9144 285 31 29.9 -8.0 | 230 27 21.1 17.6 25 273 9449 300 34 29.4 -17.0 | 247 22 20.6 8.6 26 250 10010 300 43 37.2 -21.5 | 262 29 28.4 4.1 27 206 11278 300 52 45.0 -26.0 | 271 36 36.2 -0.4 28 200 11480 305 46 37.7 -26.4 | 272 29 28.8 -0.8 29 197 11582 310 48 36.8 -30.9 | 281 28 27.9 -5.3 30 164 12802 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 239 31 26.9 16.0 31 150 13370 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 258 33 31.9 6.6 32 118 14935 295 46 41.7 -19.4 | 259 33 32.9 6.2 33 113 15240 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 238 35 29.6 18.8 34 107 15545 295 41 37.2 -17.3 | 254 30 28.3 8.3 35 102 15850 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 228 34 25.0 22.6 36 100 16010 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 227 26 19.2 18.1 37 98 16154 285 29 28.0 -7.5 | 227 26 19.2 18.1 38 93 16459 295 23 20.8 -9.7 | 217 20 12.0 15.9 39 89 16764 280 20 19.7 -3.5 | 206 25 10.9 22.1 40 85 17069 270 30 30.0 -0.0 | 220 33 21.2 25.6 41 81 17374 275 35 34.9 -3.1 | 229 34 26.0 22.5 42 77 17678 290 25 23.5 -8.6 | 221 22 14.7 17.0 43 74 17983 280 22 21.7 -3.8 | 211 25 12.8 21.8 44 70 18288 255 26 25.1 6.7 | 207 36 16.3 32.3 45 70 18320 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 216 29 17.1 23.3 46 64 18898 285 28 27.0 -7.2 | 225 26 18.2 18.3 47 61 19202 270 14 14.0 -0.0 | 191 26 5.2 25.6 48 58 19507 210 11 5.5 9.5 | 175 35 -3.3 35.1 49 55 19812 260 15 14.8 2.6 | 192 29 5.9 28.2 50 53 20117 280 16 15.8 -2.8 | 197 24 6.9 22.8 51 50 20422 220 13 8.4 10.0 | 179 36 -0.5 35.6 52 50 20480 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 208 34 15.8 29.9 53 48 20726 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 208 34 15.8 29.9 54 44 21336 335 19 8.0 -17.2 | 175 8 -0.8 8.4 55 42 21641 360 10 -0.0 -10.0 | 150 18 -8.8 15.6 56 40 21946 95 1 -1.0 0.1 | 159 27 -9.8 25.7 57 38 22250 195 1 0.3 1.0 | 162 28 -8.6 26.6 58 33 23165 25 10 -4.2 -9.1 | 142 21 -13.1 16.5 59 31 23470 80 11 -10.8 -1.9 | 140 31 -19.7 23.7 60 30 23740 50 7 -5.4 -4.5 | 146 25 -14.2 21.1 61 27 24384 105 7 -6.8 1.8 | 150 32 -15.6 27.4 62 22 25603 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 139 24 -15.9 18.5 63 20 26213 30 3 -1.5 -2.6 | 156 25 -10.3 23.0 64 20 26340 80 14 -13.8 -2.4 | 136 32 -22.6 23.2 65 19 26518 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 139 24 -15.9 18.5 66 19 26822 75 15 -14.5 -3.9 | 133 32 -23.3 21.7 67 17 27432 95 10 -10.0 0.9 | 145 32 -18.8 26.5 68 16 27737 60 5 -4.3 -2.5 | 150 27 -13.2 23.1 69 15 28042 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 141 30 -18.5 23.0 70 14 28651 65 14 -12.7 -5.9 | 132 29 -21.5 19.7 71 13 28956 40 18 -11.6 -13.8 | 120 24 -20.4 11.8 72 13 29261 70 12 -11.3 -4.1 | 137 29 -20.1 21.5 73 12 29870 90 14 -14.0 0.0 | 138 34 -22.8 25.6 74 11 30175 110 12 -11.3 4.1 | 146 36 -20.1 29.7 75 10 30860 40 11 -7.1 -8.4 | 137 23 -15.9 17.2 76 7 33270 160 14 -4.8 13.2 | 161 41 -13.6 38.7 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 311.0 at 36.1 knts Storm direction: 341.0 at 27.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.1 neg: 0.0 tot: 5.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 90.4 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 241.9 neg: -10.2 tot: 231.7 m^2/s^2 ave: 77.2 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.66 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.7 stream: 6.4 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.05 Bulk Shear: 69.34 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 277 19 203 25| 13.9 0.0 13.9| 89.9 0.0 89.9 179.8 0.98| 14.0 13.6 1000 283 23 213 24| 8.3 0.0 8.3|115.0 0.0 115.0 115.0 0.83| 10.6 8.8 1500 289 25 220 23| 7.1 0.0 7.1|139.3 0.0 139.3 92.9 0.83| 8.9 7.4 2000 296 28 231 21| 9.5 0.0 9.5|234.7 0.0 234.7 117.3 0.89| 11.1 9.9 2500 302 32 243 20| 6.9 0.0 6.9|241.9 -1.2 240.7 96.3 0.75| 10.8 8.1 3000 305 33 249 19| 5.1 0.0 5.1|241.9 -10.2 231.7 77.2 0.66| 9.7 6.4 4000 309 34 255 18| 3.9 0.8 4.7|241.9 -22.6 219.3 54.8 0.53| 8.3 4.4 5000 310 35 261 19| 3.8 0.7 4.5|279.7 -23.7 256.0 51.2 0.55| 7.5 4.2 6000 311 36 264 19| 3.2 0.9 4.0|279.7 -55.0 224.7 37.4 0.42| 7.1 3.0 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250416.12.gif