UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041600.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 16 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:0000Z 16 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 37 SFC 978 215 3.0 0.7 85 2.3 2.0 265 16 277.9 278.6 276.2 289.2 4.11 2 963 340 2.0 -1.4 78 3.4 0.6 268 22 278.1 278.7 275.6 288.0 3.58 3 925 665 -0.9 -2.0 92 1.1 -1.3 275 33 278.4 279.0 275.7 288.3 3.56 4 906 830 -2.5 -2.7 99 0.2 -2.6 275 36 278.4 279.0 275.6 288.0 3.46 5 886 1007 -3.7 -3.7 100 0.0 -3.7 275 38 278.9 279.5 275.7 288.1 3.28 6 850 1334 -5.7 -5.7 100 0.0 -5.7 280 39 280.2 280.7 275.9 288.4 2.94 7 766 2142 -10.7 -11.0 98 0.3 -10.8 295 45 283.2 283.6 276.4 289.5 2.15 8 741 2397 -10.9 -11.2 98 0.3 -11.0 291 42 285.7 286.1 277.7 292.1 2.19 9 701 2821 -13.3 -13.8 96 0.5 -13.5 291 37 287.6 288.0 278.2 293.2 1.88 10 700 2832 -13.3 -13.9 95 0.6 -13.5 290 37 287.8 288.1 278.3 293.3 1.86 11 662 3256 -14.7 -15.3 95 0.6 -14.9 286 32 290.8 291.1 279.6 296.1 1.76 12 638 3535 -15.1 -16.2 91 1.1 -15.4 285 34 293.4 293.7 280.7 298.6 1.69 13 607 3910 -17.1 -19.3 83 2.2 -17.6 287 40 295.3 295.6 281.1 299.6 1.37 14 571 4366 -20.7 -21.1 97 0.4 -20.8 291 45 296.3 296.6 281.4 300.2 1.24 15 550 4642 -22.7 -23.3 95 0.6 -22.8 296 47 297.2 297.3 281.5 300.5 1.06 16 548 4669 -21.7 -23.4 86 1.7 -22.0 296 47 298.6 298.8 282.2 302.0 1.06 17 534 4859 -22.3 -25.0 79 2.7 -22.8 300 49 300.1 300.3 282.7 303.2 0.94 18 502 5311 -24.7 -29.3 66 4.6 -25.4 295 50 302.6 302.7 283.3 304.8 0.67 19 500 5340 -24.9 -29.8 64 4.9 -25.6 295 50 302.7 302.8 283.3 304.8 0.65 20 493 5443 -25.5 -30.5 63 5.0 -26.2 296 51 303.2 303.3 283.5 305.2 0.61 21 473 5743 -27.9 -31.5 71 3.6 -28.4 299 54 303.8 303.9 283.7 305.8 0.58 22 435 6341 -31.9 -37.9 55 6.0 -32.5 305 47 306.1 306.2 284.3 307.3 0.34 23 430 6423 -32.5 -38.5 55 6.0 -33.1 305 47 306.3 306.4 284.4 307.5 0.32 24 425 6505 -33.1 -39.1 55 6.0 -33.7 305 46 306.6 306.7 284.4 307.7 0.30 25 411 6741 -34.9 -40.9 54 6.0 -35.4 304 45 307.2 307.3 284.6 308.2 0.26 26 408 6792 -35.3 -44.3 39 9.0 -36.0 303 45 307.4 307.4 284.6 308.0 0.18 27 402 6895 -36.1 -45.1 39 9.0 -36.7 301 44 307.6 307.7 284.7 308.2 0.17 28 400 6930 -36.3 -45.3 39 9.0 -36.9 300 44 307.8 307.8 284.7 308.4 0.17 29 355 7742 -43.3 -51.3 41 8.0 -43.6 300 41 309.1 309.1 285.1 309.4 0.10 30 353 7780 -43.5 -49.5 51 6.0 -43.7 299 42 309.3 309.3 285.2 309.8 0.12 31 347 7895 -44.5 -50.5 51 6.0 -44.7 299 42 309.5 309.5 285.2 309.9 0.11 32 335 8129 -46.7 -53.7 45 7.0 -46.9 298 43 309.6 309.6 285.3 309.9 0.08 33 332 8188 -46.9 -54.9 40 8.0 -47.1 298 43 310.1 310.1 285.5 310.4 0.07 34 320 8430 -49.1 -56.1 44 7.0 -49.3 297 44 310.4 310.4 285.5 310.6 0.06 35 318 8471 -49.1 -58.1 34 9.0 -49.3 297 44 310.9 310.9 285.7 311.1 0.05 36 311 8616 -49.7 -59.7 30 10.0 -49.9 296 45 312.1 312.1 286.1 312.2 0.04 37 300 8850 -51.9 -59.9 38 8.0 -52.1 295 46 312.2 312.2 286.2 312.3 0.04 38 295 8959 -52.5 -60.5 37 8.0 -52.7 295 43 312.8 312.9 286.4 313.0 0.04 39 288 9116 -50.9 -66.9 13 16.0 -51.2 295 40 317.3 317.3 287.9 317.4 0.02 40 275 9416 -52.9 -67.9 15 15.0 -53.1 277 31 318.6 318.6 288.3 318.7 0.01 41 265 9657 -52.7 -72.7 7 20.0 -52.9 278 36 322.3 322.3 289.5 322.3 0.01 42 262 9731 -49.9 -76.9 3 27.0 -50.3 280 38 327.5 327.5 291.0 327.5 0.00 43 250 10040 -47.9 -76.9 2 29.0 -48.4 270 49 334.9 334.9 293.0 334.9 0.00 44 241 10282 -47.1 -75.1 3 28.0 -47.7 270 50 339.6 339.6 294.2 339.6 0.01 45 231 10561 -48.5 -77.5 2 29.0 -49.0 269 50 341.6 341.6 294.7 341.6 0.00 46 200 11510 -47.7 -77.7 2 30.0 -48.3 265 48 357.2 357.2 298.1 357.3 0.00 47 188 11918 -47.1 -78.1 2 31.0 -47.8 268 46 364.6 364.6 299.6 364.6 0.00 48 173 12464 -49.1 -79.1 2 30.0 -49.7 249 50 370.1 370.1 300.6 370.1 0.00 49 155 13185 -47.9 -78.9 2 31.0 -48.7 260 53 383.9 383.9 302.9 383.9 0.01 50 150 13400 -48.5 -78.5 2 30.0 -49.3 260 41 386.5 386.5 303.3 386.5 0.01 51 142 13760 -50.1 -80.1 2 30.0 -50.8 260 41 389.8 389.8 303.8 389.8 0.00 52 133 14188 -50.3 -80.3 2 30.0 -51.0 255 47 396.8 396.8 304.8 396.8 0.00 53 131 14287 -50.3 -80.3 2 30.0 -51.0 254 48 398.5 398.5 305.0 398.6 0.00 54 129 14387 -50.3 -80.3 2 30.0 -51.0 253 49 400.3 400.3 305.2 400.3 0.00 55 125 14593 -49.3 -80.3 1 31.0 -50.1 250 51 405.7 405.7 306.0 405.8 0.01 56 102 15913 -54.3 -83.3 2 29.0 -54.9 233 45 420.4 420.4 307.7 420.4 0.00 57 100 16040 -54.1 -83.1 2 29.0 -54.7 240 48 423.2 423.2 308.1 423.2 0.00 58 83 17233 -56.3 -84.3 2 28.0 -56.9 247 51 441.9 441.9 310.1 441.9 0.00 59 79 17550 -52.3 -83.3 1 31.0 -53.2 243 52 456.4 456.4 311.4 456.5 0.00 60 70 18330 -54.7 -84.7 1 30.0 -55.5 235 52 467.4 467.4 312.4 467.4 0.00 61 66 18705 -55.9 -84.9 1 29.0 -56.6 239 50 472.7 472.7 312.8 472.7 0.00 62 64 18901 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -54.8 245 47 481.3 481.3 313.5 481.3 0.00 63 63 19003 -50.9 -83.9 1 33.0 -52.2 249 45 490.0 490.0 314.2 490.1 0.01 64 61 19213 -49.5 -82.5 1 33.0 -51.0 255 41 497.7 497.7 314.8 497.7 0.01 65 59 19430 -51.1 -83.1 1 32.0 -52.4 255 22 498.9 498.9 314.9 498.9 0.01 66 58 19541 -50.1 -83.1 1 33.0 -51.6 246 16 503.6 503.6 315.2 503.6 0.01 67 55 19885 -53.1 -84.1 1 31.0 -54.2 199 14 504.4 504.4 315.2 504.4 0.01 68 52 20247 -51.9 -83.9 1 32.0 -53.2 266 21 515.4 515.4 316.0 515.4 0.01 69 50 20500 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -55.1 305 5 516.5 516.5 316.1 516.5 0.01 70 46 21032 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -56.7 170 10 524.6 524.6 316.6 524.6 0.01 71 43 21466 -51.5 -84.5 1 33.0 -53.2 219 17 545.1 545.1 317.8 545.2 0.01 72 39 22093 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.5 230 12 551.0 551.0 318.2 551.0 0.01 73 39 22093 -53.7 -85.7 1 32.0 -55.2 230 12 555.0 555.0 318.3 555.0 0.01 74 30 23770 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.2 55 13 592.8 592.8 320.3 592.8 0.01 75 29 23986 -56.1 -87.1 1 31.0 -57.6 41 9 597.5 597.5 320.5 597.5 0.01 76 27 24441 -54.7 -86.7 1 32.0 -56.5 89 8 613.7 613.7 321.2 613.8 0.01 77 25 24932 -55.7 -86.7 1 31.0 -57.4 81 10 624.5 624.5 321.7 624.6 0.01 78 20 26360 -53.5 -86.5 1 33.0 -56.1 50 6 672.4 672.4 323.5 672.5 0.01 79 15 28235 -48.7 -83.7 1 35.0 -53.4 94 2 746.0 746.0 325.8 746.2 0.02 80 14 28689 -48.5 -84.5 1 36.0 -53.5 71 4 761.6 761.6 326.3 761.8 0.02 81 13 29177 -49.7 -84.7 1 35.0 -54.5 45 7 773.7 773.7 326.6 773.9 0.02 82 12 29704 -47.7 -83.7 1 36.0 -53.5 18 9 798.7 798.8 327.2 799.0 0.03 83 11 30277 -48.9 -83.9 1 35.0 -54.5 323 9 814.5 814.5 327.6 814.8 0.03 84 10 30910 -44.7 -82.7 1 38.0 -52.5 35 6 852.7 852.7 328.5 853.1 0.04 85 9.4 31323 -43.5 -82.5 1 39.0 -52.2 64 6 872.5 872.5 328.9 872.9 0.05 86 9.0 31614 -44.1 -82.1 1 38.0 -52.7 84 6 881.1 881.1 329.1 881.6 0.05 87 7.3 33025 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -52.0 181 7 951.0 951.0 330.4 951.8 0.07 88 7.2 33119 -40.3 -81.3 0 41.0 -52.0 187 7 954.7 954.8 330.4 955.5 0.07 89 7.0 33310 -40.5 -81.5 0 41.0 -52.2 200 7 961.6 961.7 330.5 962.4 0.07 90 6.8 33507 -41.5 -81.5 1 40.0 -52.8 965.5 965.5 330.6 966.3 0.08 91 6.2 34139 -37.7 -79.7 0 42.0 -51.8 1007.6 1007.6 331.3 1008.9 0.11 92 5.7 34719 -37.3 -79.3 0 42.0 -52.1 1033.8 1033.9 331.7 1035.4 0.13 TRP 295 8959 -52.5 -60.5 37 8.0 -52.7 295 43 312.8 312.9 286.4 313.0 0.04 WND Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5303.00 m Freezing level: 936.79 mb = 564.29 m = 1851.32 ft Wetbulb zero: 951.10 mb = 440.74 m = 1445.99 ft Precipitable water: 0.45 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 91.53 % Est. max temperature: 6.02 C = 42.84 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 943.72 mb = 503.46 m = 1651.76 ft T: 0.54 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.63 C/km ThetaE index: 1.17 C Layer 963.0- 925.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 906.96 mb = 821.85 m = 2696.33 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.53 g/kg Conv temperature: 3.48 C = 38.27 F Cap Strength: 12.66 C Lifted Index: 12.70 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.05 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.53 C Showalter Index: 12.49 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 38.40 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 19.20 C Cross Totals Index: 19.20 C K Index: 12.90 Risk: None Sweat Index: 128.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 3.36 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 3.66 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 2.71 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 0.00 J/kg Cap Strength: 12.38 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 906.75 mb = 823.70 m = 2702.40 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 901.75 mb = 867.56 m = 2846.28 ft Equ Level (EL): 871.75 mb = 1134.92 m = 3723.46 ft B at Equ Level: 3.58 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 821.75 mb = 1596.32 m = 5237.21 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 320 at 31 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 978 215 265 16 15.9 1.4 | 171 26 -4.0 25.3 1 931 610 275 34 33.9 -3.0 | 214 25 14.0 20.9 2 925 665 275 33 32.9 -2.9 | 212 25 13.0 21.0 3 896 914 275 37 36.9 -3.2 | 219 27 17.0 20.6 4 862 1219 275 40 39.8 -3.5 | 224 29 20.0 20.4 5 850 1334 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 227 25 18.5 17.1 6 797 1829 285 42 40.6 -10.9 | 238 24 20.7 13.0 7 766 2134 295 45 40.8 -19.0 | 257 21 20.9 4.8 8 737 2438 290 41 38.5 -14.0 | 242 21 18.6 9.8 9 708 2743 295 38 34.4 -16.1 | 242 17 14.5 7.8 10 700 2832 290 37 34.8 -12.7 | 233 19 14.9 11.2 11 653 3353 285 31 29.9 -8.0 | 212 19 10.1 15.8 12 627 3658 285 37 35.7 -9.6 | 228 21 15.8 14.3 13 577 4267 290 44 41.3 -15.0 | 248 23 21.5 8.8 14 532 4877 300 49 42.4 -24.5 | 272 23 22.5 -0.6 15 500 5340 295 50 45.3 -21.1 | 264 26 25.4 2.7 16 469 5791 300 54 46.8 -27.0 | 277 27 26.9 -3.1 17 450 6096 305 49 40.1 -28.1 | 282 21 20.2 -4.2 18 413 6706 305 45 36.9 -25.8 | 277 17 17.0 -1.9 19 400 6930 300 44 38.1 -22.0 | 264 18 18.2 1.9 20 361 7620 300 41 35.5 -20.5 | 258 16 15.6 3.4 21 300 8839 295 46 41.7 -19.4 | 259 22 21.8 4.4 22 300 8850 295 46 41.7 -19.4 | 259 22 21.8 4.4 23 295 8959 295 43 39.0 -18.2 | 253 20 19.1 5.7 24 287 9144 295 40 36.3 -16.9 | 247 18 16.4 7.0 25 274 9449 275 30 29.9 -2.6 | 205 23 10.0 21.3 26 261 9754 280 39 38.4 -6.8 | 227 25 18.5 17.1 27 250 10040 270 49 49.0 -0.0 | 231 38 29.1 23.9 28 238 10363 270 50 50.0 -0.0 | 232 38 30.1 23.9 29 200 11510 265 48 47.8 4.2 | 225 40 27.9 28.0 30 189 11887 270 46 46.0 -0.0 | 228 35 26.1 23.9 31 180 12192 245 46 41.7 19.4 | 207 48 21.8 43.3 32 157 13106 260 58 57.1 10.1 | 228 50 37.2 33.9 33 150 13400 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 213 37 20.5 31.0 34 143 13716 260 41 40.4 7.1 | 213 37 20.5 31.0 35 124 14630 250 52 48.9 17.8 | 215 51 29.0 41.7 36 118 14935 255 46 44.4 11.9 | 214 43 24.5 35.8 37 113 15240 245 40 36.3 16.9 | 202 44 16.4 40.8 38 108 15545 250 37 34.8 12.7 | 202 39 14.9 36.5 39 103 15850 230 43 32.9 27.6 | 194 53 13.1 51.5 40 100 16040 240 48 41.6 24.0 | 204 53 21.7 47.9 41 98 16154 240 48 41.6 24.0 | 204 53 21.7 47.9 42 89 16764 250 55 51.7 18.8 | 217 53 31.8 42.7 43 85 17069 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 219 48 30.3 37.3 44 81 17374 240 51 44.2 25.5 | 206 55 24.3 49.4 45 77 17678 245 53 48.0 22.4 | 211 54 28.1 46.3 46 70 18288 235 34 27.9 19.5 | 190 44 8.0 43.4 47 70 18330 235 52 42.6 29.8 | 203 58 22.7 53.7 48 67 18593 235 52 42.6 29.8 | 203 58 22.7 53.7 49 61 19202 255 42 40.6 10.9 | 211 40 20.7 34.7 50 58 19507 255 16 15.5 4.1 | 171 28 -4.4 28.0 51 56 19812 180 13 0.0 13.0 | 152 42 -19.9 36.9 52 53 20117 260 17 16.7 3.0 | 173 27 -3.1 26.8 53 51 20422 275 26 25.9 -2.3 | 196 22 6.0 21.6 54 50 20500 305 5 4.1 -2.9 | 143 26 -15.8 21.0 55 48 20726 305 15 12.3 -8.6 | 154 17 -7.6 15.3 56 46 21031 170 10 -1.7 9.8 | 147 40 -21.6 33.7 57 44 21336 220 18 11.6 13.8 | 168 39 -8.3 37.7 58 40 21946 215 13 7.5 10.6 | 160 37 -12.4 34.5 59 36 22555 280 10 9.8 -1.7 | 156 24 -10.0 22.1 60 35 22860 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 140 31 -19.9 23.9 61 33 23165 350 13 2.3 -12.8 | 122 21 -17.6 11.1 62 30 23770 55 13 -10.6 -7.5 | 118 35 -30.5 16.4 63 30 23774 15 10 -2.6 -9.7 | 122 27 -22.5 14.2 64 27 24384 90 8 -8.0 0.0 | 131 37 -27.9 23.9 65 23 25603 70 12 -11.3 -4.1 | 122 37 -31.2 19.8 66 21 25908 105 10 -9.7 2.6 | 132 40 -29.5 26.5 67 20 26360 50 6 -4.6 -3.9 | 129 32 -24.5 20.0 68 20 26518 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 124 35 -29.0 19.6 69 17 27432 85 1 -1.0 -0.1 | 139 32 -20.9 23.8 70 15 28042 105 1 -1.0 0.3 | 139 32 -20.9 24.1 71 12 29870 10 10 -1.7 -9.8 | 123 26 -21.6 14.0 72 11 30175 310 10 7.7 -6.4 | 145 21 -12.2 17.4 73 10 30910 35 6 -3.4 -4.9 | 129 30 -23.3 19.0 74 7 33310 200 7 2.4 6.6 | 150 35 -17.5 30.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 290.2 at 41.4 knts Storm direction: 320.2 at 31.1 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.6 neg: 1.2 tot: 4.8 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 46.6 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 238.3 neg: -65.8 tot: 172.6 m^2/s^2 ave: 57.5 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.41 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 9.8 stream: 4.1 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.01 Bulk Rich Number: 0.09 Bulk Shear: 42.00 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 273 27 197 24| 18.8 0.0 18.8|119.5 -0.6 118.9 237.8 0.98| 19.1 18.8 1000 274 32 209 25| 9.4 3.2 12.6|155.4 -0.6 154.8 154.8 0.94| 12.7 12.0 1500 277 35 216 25| 7.2 2.1 9.3|188.3 -0.6 187.8 125.2 0.89| 10.9 9.7 2000 281 37 224 24| 6.7 1.6 8.3|238.3 -6.2 232.1 116.0 0.85| 10.7 9.1 2500 283 38 228 23| 4.3 1.3 5.6|238.3 -28.8 209.6 83.8 0.64| 10.1 6.5 3000 284 37 228 22| 3.6 1.2 4.8|238.3 -65.8 172.6 57.5 0.41| 9.8 4.1 4000 285 37 228 22| 3.5 1.2 4.7|304.9 -72.0 232.9 58.2 0.48| 9.2 4.4 5000 288 39 236 21| 3.5 1.1 4.7|364.3 -85.3 279.0 55.8 0.50| 8.7 4.3 6000 290 41 243 21| 3.2 1.0 4.1|416.9 -91.3 325.7 54.3 0.50| 8.4 4.2 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250416.00.gif