UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025041512.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 15 APR 25 Searching for KBUF... Searching the city database file for: KBUF ... Date:1200Z 15 APR 25 Station: KBUF WMO ident: 72528 Latitude: 42.93 Longitude: -78.73 Elevation: 215.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 1 SFC 974 215 5.4 2.4 81 3.0 4.0 230 16 280.7 281.5 278.4 293.6 4.67 2 949 428 3.6 1.1 84 2.5 2.5 241 28 280.9 281.7 278.2 293.0 4.36 3 937 532 6.2 -0.8 61 7.0 3.1 246 34 284.6 285.3 279.3 295.5 3.85 4 925 638 5.4 -0.6 65 6.0 2.7 250 38 284.8 285.5 279.6 296.0 3.95 5 923 656 5.2 -0.8 65 6.0 2.5 249 38 284.8 285.5 279.5 295.9 3.90 6 907 798 4.4 -3.6 56 8.0 1.1 244 39 285.4 286.0 278.9 294.7 3.23 7 901 852 4.2 -1.8 65 6.0 1.6 242 39 285.7 286.4 279.7 296.4 3.72 8 894 916 4.0 -4.0 56 8.0 0.7 240 39 286.2 286.7 279.2 295.3 3.18 9 889 961 3.6 -2.4 65 6.0 1.0 239 39 286.2 286.8 279.8 296.5 3.60 10 887 980 3.4 -4.6 56 8.0 0.1 239 39 286.2 286.7 279.1 295.0 3.06 11 882 1026 3.2 -5.8 52 9.0 -0.4 238 39 286.5 286.9 278.9 294.6 2.81 12 871 1127 2.4 -5.6 55 8.0 -0.8 237 38 286.7 287.2 279.1 295.0 2.89 13 858 1249 1.2 -1.8 80 3.0 -0.1 235 39 286.6 287.3 280.4 297.8 3.90 14 850 1324 0.8 -2.8 77 3.6 -0.7 235 40 287.0 287.6 280.2 297.5 3.66 15 826 1553 -0.7 -5.7 69 5.0 -2.7 235 41 287.8 288.3 279.8 296.5 3.02 16 749 2325 -7.9 -8.6 95 0.7 -8.1 241 42 288.1 288.6 279.5 295.9 2.66 17 746 2356 -7.5 -10.8 77 3.3 -8.6 242 42 288.9 289.3 279.3 295.5 2.25 18 744 2377 -7.5 -11.6 72 4.1 -8.8 243 42 289.1 289.5 279.3 295.4 2.11 19 742 2398 -6.9 -14.9 53 8.0 -9.3 243 42 290.0 290.3 279.0 294.9 1.62 20 740 2419 -6.9 -15.9 49 9.0 -9.5 244 42 290.2 290.5 279.0 294.7 1.49 21 718 2654 -8.9 -16.9 52 8.0 -11.1 245 40 290.5 290.8 279.0 294.8 1.42 22 708 2762 -9.5 -18.5 48 9.0 -11.8 246 39 291.0 291.2 279.0 294.9 1.25 23 700 2850 -9.5 -22.5 34 13.0 -12.5 250 41 292.0 292.1 279.0 294.8 0.90 24 696 2894 -9.5 -24.5 28 15.0 -12.8 251 41 292.4 292.6 279.0 294.8 0.75 25 672 3165 -11.3 -26.3 28 15.0 -14.4 256 44 293.4 293.5 279.3 295.5 0.66 26 670 3188 -11.3 -26.3 28 15.0 -14.4 257 44 293.6 293.7 279.4 295.8 0.67 27 661 3292 -10.3 -40.3 7 30.0 -14.7 259 45 295.9 295.9 279.8 296.5 0.17 28 655 3362 -10.3 -45.3 4 35.0 -14.9 260 46 296.7 296.7 280.0 297.0 0.10 29 629 3673 -12.1 -42.1 6 30.0 -16.2 250 50 298.1 298.1 280.7 298.6 0.15 30 601 4020 -14.9 -36.9 13 22.0 -18.1 250 55 298.7 298.8 281.2 299.6 0.27 31 572 4392 -18.5 -30.5 34 12.0 -20.5 248 62 298.8 298.9 281.5 300.5 0.53 32 554 4630 -20.1 -31.1 37 11.0 -21.8 244 71 299.6 299.7 281.9 301.3 0.51 33 546 4738 -20.7 -32.7 33 12.0 -22.5 242 75 300.1 300.2 282.0 301.7 0.45 34 542 4793 -20.3 -37.3 20 17.0 -22.5 242 77 301.3 301.3 282.3 302.2 0.29 35 514 5186 -20.9 -40.9 15 20.0 -23.3 237 90 305.1 305.2 283.7 305.9 0.21 36 500 5390 -20.5 -50.5 5 30.0 -23.4 235 96 308.0 308.1 284.7 308.3 0.07 37 498 5420 -20.3 -50.3 5 30.0 -23.2 235 96 308.6 308.7 284.9 308.9 0.08 38 428 6520 -29.1 -48.1 14 19.0 -30.6 238 102 311.1 311.1 285.9 311.5 0.11 39 403 6947 -31.7 -58.7 5 27.0 -33.1 236 98 313.1 313.1 286.5 313.3 0.03 40 400 7000 -32.3 -58.3 6 26.0 -33.7 235 97 313.0 313.0 286.4 313.2 0.04 41 334 8243 -42.3 -65.3 6 23.0 -42.9 245 101 315.9 315.9 287.4 316.0 0.02 42 305 8850 -46.1 -67.1 8 21.0 -46.6 250 99 318.9 318.9 288.4 318.9 0.02 43 300 8960 -46.5 -67.5 7 21.0 -47.0 245 89 319.8 319.8 288.7 319.9 0.01 44 254 10056 -50.5 -71.5 7 21.0 -50.8 230 90 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.5 0.01 45 250 10160 -50.1 -72.1 6 22.0 -50.5 230 89 331.6 331.6 292.2 331.6 0.01 46 238 10482 -49.7 -73.7 4 24.0 -50.1 232 96 336.9 336.9 293.6 336.9 0.01 47 225 10849 -51.2 -73.5 5 22.4 -51.5 235 105 340.1 340.1 294.4 340.1 0.01 48 222 10936 -51.5 -73.5 6 22.0 -51.8 235 105 340.9 340.9 294.6 340.9 0.01 49 217 11084 -51.1 -75.1 4 24.0 -51.5 237 102 343.7 343.7 295.2 343.8 0.01 50 216 11114 -49.5 -75.5 3 26.0 -50.0 237 101 346.7 346.7 295.9 346.7 0.01 51 210 11299 -50.1 -76.1 3 26.0 -50.5 240 97 348.5 348.5 296.3 348.6 0.01 52 208 11362 -48.3 -78.3 2 30.0 -48.8 241 95 352.3 352.3 297.1 352.3 0.00 53 203 11522 -48.9 -78.9 2 30.0 -49.4 243 91 353.8 353.8 297.4 353.8 0.00 54 200 11620 -48.3 -79.3 2 31.0 -48.9 245 89 356.3 356.3 298.0 356.3 0.00 55 198 11686 -47.7 -79.7 1 32.0 -48.3 245 88 358.3 358.3 298.4 358.3 0.00 56 177 12420 -49.7 -80.7 1 31.0 -50.3 250 81 366.7 366.7 299.9 366.7 0.00 57 168 12761 -48.5 -81.5 1 33.0 -49.2 253 78 374.2 374.2 301.3 374.2 0.00 58 150 13500 -50.7 -81.7 1 31.0 -51.3 250 58 382.7 382.7 302.7 382.7 0.00 59 146 13676 -50.1 -82.1 1 32.0 -50.8 254 56 386.7 386.7 303.3 386.7 0.00 60 100 16130 -53.3 -84.3 1 31.0 -53.9 250 45 424.7 424.7 308.3 424.8 0.00 61 94 16528 -53.3 -84.3 1 31.0 -54.0 248 45 432.3 432.3 309.1 432.3 0.00 62 87 17021 -56.9 -85.9 1 29.0 -57.4 248 47 434.8 434.8 309.3 434.8 0.00 63 80 17550 -57.9 -85.9 2 28.0 -58.4 263 39 443.3 443.3 310.2 443.3 0.00 64 78 17711 -55.5 -85.5 1 30.0 -56.1 263 32 451.5 451.5 311.0 451.5 0.00 65 70 18390 -61.5 -87.5 2 26.0 -61.9 225 24 452.8 452.8 311.1 452.8 0.00 66 69 18479 -61.9 -86.9 2 25.0 -62.2 226 24 453.8 453.8 311.2 453.8 0.00 67 64 18944 -62.9 -87.9 2 25.0 -63.2 228 25 461.5 461.5 311.9 461.5 0.00 68 62 19140 -60.9 -87.9 2 27.0 -61.3 230 26 470.1 470.1 312.7 470.1 0.00 69 59 19453 -54.9 -85.9 1 31.0 -55.8 239 36 490.3 490.3 314.2 490.4 0.00 70 55 19904 -52.9 -84.9 1 32.0 -54.1 257 40 504.9 504.9 315.3 504.9 0.01 71 54 20023 -50.9 -83.9 1 33.0 -52.4 264 32 512.1 512.1 315.8 512.2 0.01 72 50 20520 -54.1 -84.1 1 30.0 -55.2 165 13 516.0 516.0 316.1 516.0 0.01 73 45 21192 -56.7 -85.7 1 29.0 -57.6 196 18 525.5 525.5 316.6 525.5 0.01 74 40 21945 -53.5 -84.5 1 31.0 -54.9 250 10 551.5 551.5 318.2 551.5 0.01 75 33 23175 -56.3 -86.3 1 30.0 -57.6 296 3 575.3 575.3 319.4 575.3 0.01 76 30 23780 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.0 105 8 590.1 590.1 320.2 590.1 0.01 77 28 24219 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.9 69 5 605.7 605.7 320.9 605.8 0.01 78 24 25199 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -58.3 88 14 629.0 629.0 321.9 629.0 0.01 79 20 26360 -54.5 -85.5 1 31.0 -56.8 85 9 669.4 669.4 323.4 669.4 0.01 80 17 27405 -52.3 -84.3 1 32.0 -55.5 96 7 708.3 708.3 324.7 708.4 0.02 81 16 27796 -53.5 -84.5 1 31.0 -56.5 97 8 716.7 716.7 325.0 716.9 0.02 82 11 30237 -47.7 -82.7 1 35.0 -53.8 94 17 818.9 818.9 327.7 819.2 0.04 83 10 30870 -44.7 -81.7 1 37.0 -52.5 165 3 852.7 852.7 328.5 853.2 0.05 84 9.4 31282 -46.5 -82.5 1 36.0 -53.7 181 3 861.1 861.1 328.7 861.5 0.05 85 8.1 32279 -42.7 -80.7 1 38.0 -52.5 221 2 913.6 913.6 329.7 914.4 0.07 86 7.5 32796 -44.7 -81.7 1 37.0 -53.8 242 2 925.8 925.9 329.9 926.5 0.07 87 7.0 33260 -42.5 -81.5 1 39.0 -53.1 260 2 953.4 953.4 330.4 954.2 0.07 88 6.7 33556 -41.7 -80.7 1 39.0 -52.9 968.7 968.8 330.7 969.7 0.09 TRP 254 10056 -50.5 -71.5 7 21.0 -50.8 230 90 329.5 329.5 291.6 329.5 0.01 WND 225 10849 -51.2 -73.5 5 22.4 -51.5 235 105 340.1 340.1 294.4 340.1 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5389.00 m Freezing level: 837.20 mb = 1446.36 m = 4745.22 ft Wetbulb zero: 885.70 mb = 991.65 m = 3253.40 ft Precipitable water: 0.37 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 43.77 % Est. max temperature: 12.46 C = 54.43 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 930.04 mb = 593.32 m = 1946.56 ft T: 5.74 C 700-500 lapse rate: 4.33 C/km ThetaE index: 3.07 C Layer 850.0- 718.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 798.25 mb = 1822.75 m = 5980.09 ft Mean mixing ratio: 3.78 g/kg Conv temperature: 12.59 C = 54.67 F Cap Strength: 10.05 C Lifted Index: 12.18 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 17.82 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 3.02 C Showalter Index: 10.24 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 39.00 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 21.30 C Cross Totals Index: 17.70 C K Index: 5.50 Risk: None Sweat Index: 176.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 2.23 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 29.38 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 7.67 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 62314.33 J/kg Cap Strength: 11.52 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 844.39 mb = 1377.03 m = 4517.77 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 271 at 43 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 974 215 230 16 12.3 10.3 | 110 33 -30.6 11.4 1 928 610 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 153 16 -7.2 14.1 2 925 638 250 38 35.7 13.0 | 153 16 -7.2 14.1 3 894 914 240 39 33.8 19.5 | 156 23 -9.1 20.6 4 861 1219 235 38 31.1 21.8 | 153 26 -11.8 22.9 5 850 1324 235 40 32.8 22.9 | 157 26 -10.1 24.0 6 797 1829 235 42 34.4 24.1 | 161 27 -8.5 25.2 7 767 2134 235 43 35.2 24.7 | 163 27 -7.7 25.8 8 738 2438 245 42 38.1 17.7 | 166 19 -4.8 18.8 9 710 2743 245 39 35.3 16.5 | 157 19 -7.5 17.6 10 700 2850 250 41 38.5 14.0 | 164 16 -4.4 15.1 11 655 3353 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 195 9 2.4 9.1 12 629 3658 250 50 47.0 17.1 | 193 19 4.1 18.2 13 580 4267 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 209 24 11.6 20.9 14 535 4877 240 80 69.3 40.0 | 213 49 26.4 41.1 15 500 5390 235 96 78.6 55.1 | 212 67 35.8 56.2 16 493 5486 235 97 79.5 55.6 | 213 68 36.6 56.7 17 453 6096 235 99 81.1 56.8 | 213 69 38.2 57.9 18 417 6706 240 103 89.2 51.5 | 221 70 46.3 52.6 19 400 7000 235 97 79.5 55.6 | 213 68 36.6 56.7 20 365 7620 240 102 88.3 51.0 | 221 69 45.5 52.1 21 305 8839 250 100 94.0 34.2 | 235 62 51.1 35.3 22 300 8960 245 89 80.7 37.6 | 224 54 37.8 38.7 23 292 9144 245 87 78.8 36.8 | 224 52 36.0 37.9 24 279 9449 235 75 61.4 43.0 | 203 48 18.6 44.1 25 254 10056 230 90 68.9 57.9 | 204 64 26.1 58.9 26 250 10160 230 89 68.2 57.2 | 203 64 25.3 58.3 27 225 10849 235 105 86.0 60.2 | 215 75 43.1 61.3 28 221 10973 235 105 86.0 60.2 | 215 75 43.1 61.3 29 200 11620 245 89 80.7 37.6 | 224 54 37.8 38.7 30 159 13106 255 75 72.4 19.4 | 235 36 29.6 20.5 31 150 13500 250 58 54.5 19.8 | 209 24 11.6 20.9 32 145 13716 255 56 54.1 14.5 | 216 19 11.2 15.6 33 120 14935 255 67 64.7 17.3 | 230 29 21.8 18.4 34 115 15240 260 59 58.1 10.2 | 233 19 15.2 11.3 35 109 15545 260 61 60.1 10.6 | 236 21 17.2 11.7 36 100 16130 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 178 16 -0.6 16.5 37 95 16459 250 45 42.3 15.4 | 178 16 -0.6 16.5 38 90 16764 240 47 40.7 23.5 | 175 25 -2.2 24.6 39 82 17374 260 46 45.3 8.0 | 195 9 2.4 9.1 40 78 17678 265 33 32.9 2.9 | 112 11 -10.0 4.0 41 75 17983 240 22 19.1 11.0 | 117 27 -23.8 12.1 42 71 18288 225 24 17.0 17.0 | 125 32 -25.9 18.1 43 70 18390 225 24 17.0 17.0 | 125 32 -25.9 18.1 44 62 19202 230 26 19.9 16.7 | 128 29 -23.0 17.8 45 56 19812 250 48 45.1 16.4 | 187 18 2.2 17.5 46 53 20117 270 26 26.0 -0.0 | 94 17 -16.9 1.1 47 51 20422 200 10 3.4 9.4 | 105 41 -39.5 10.5 48 50 20520 165 13 -3.4 12.6 | 106 48 -46.2 13.7 49 48 20726 165 13 -3.4 12.6 | 106 48 -46.2 13.7 50 44 21336 205 19 8.0 17.2 | 118 39 -34.8 18.3 51 40 21946 250 10 9.4 3.4 | 98 34 -33.5 4.5 52 38 22250 330 10 5.0 -8.7 | 79 39 -37.9 -7.6 53 31 23470 285 1 1.0 -0.3 | 91 42 -41.9 0.8 54 30 23774 65 10 -9.1 -4.2 | 87 52 -51.9 -3.1 55 30 23780 105 8 -7.7 2.1 | 94 51 -50.6 3.2 56 27 24384 55 4 -3.3 -2.3 | 89 46 -46.2 -1.2 57 26 24689 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 88 53 -52.5 -1.5 58 24 25298 90 15 -15.0 0.0 | 91 58 -57.9 1.1 59 20 26360 85 9 -9.0 -0.8 | 90 52 -51.8 0.3 60 20 26518 70 10 -9.4 -3.4 | 87 52 -52.3 -2.3 61 18 27127 110 11 -10.3 3.8 | 95 53 -53.2 4.9 62 17 27432 95 7 -7.0 0.6 | 92 50 -49.9 1.7 63 14 28651 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 93 53 -52.7 2.8 64 13 28956 75 3 -2.9 -0.8 | 90 46 -45.8 0.3 65 12 29870 70 5 -4.7 -1.7 | 89 48 -47.6 -0.6 66 11 30175 85 19 -18.9 -1.7 | 89 62 -61.8 -0.6 67 10 30870 165 3 -0.8 2.9 | 95 44 -43.7 4.0 68 7 33260 260 2 2.0 0.3 | 92 41 -40.9 1.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 241.5 at 57.2 knts Storm direction: 271.5 at 42.9 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 5.8 neg: 1.6 tot: 7.4 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 73.0 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 175.8 neg: -22.5 tot: 153.3 m^2/s^2 ave: 51.1 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.44 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 10.2 stream: 4.5 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.03 Bulk Rich Number: 0.28 Bulk Shear: 103.71 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 245 29 129 21| 24.2 0.0 24.2|109.5 0.0 109.5 219.0 0.68| 26.7 18.1 1000 242 34 143 21| 12.1 4.2 16.2|112.4 -8.8 103.6 103.6 0.49| 17.7 8.6 1500 240 36 149 23| 8.1 3.1 11.2|136.2 -8.8 127.4 84.9 0.53| 13.0 6.9 2000 238 38 153 24| 6.5 2.3 8.9|148.3 -8.8 139.5 69.8 0.53| 10.6 5.6 2500 239 38 155 23| 5.1 1.9 7.0|151.5 -22.5 129.0 51.6 0.40| 10.1 4.1 3000 242 39 157 21| 5.8 1.6 7.4|175.8 -22.5 153.3 51.1 0.44| 10.2 4.5 4000 245 42 166 19| 4.4 2.7 7.0|210.8 -24.2 186.6 46.7 0.43| 10.0 4.3 5000 244 49 182 22| 3.5 5.9 9.4|231.6 -29.4 202.2 40.4 0.31| 11.8 3.6 6000 241 57 195 29| 3.1 5.6 8.7|284.2 -34.5 249.7 41.6 0.30| 10.8 3.3 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBUF/skewt/KBUF.skewt.20250415.12.gif