UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025042912.upa.cvt Date: 1200Z 29 APR 25 Searching for KBRO... Searching the city database file for: KBRO ... Date:1200Z 29 APR 25 Station: KBRO WMO ident: 72250 Latitude: 25.90 Longitude: -97.43 Elevation: 6.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SFC 1013 6 25.2 22.2 83 3.0 23.0 135 10 297.2 300.3 295.7 346.1 16.86 1 1000 122 24.4 22.1 87 2.3 22.8 145 17 297.5 300.6 295.9 346.8 16.98 2 974 353 22.4 21.4 94 1.0 21.7 147 25 297.8 300.8 295.8 346.2 16.70 3 925 802 19.8 17.4 86 2.4 18.2 165 25 299.6 302.0 294.1 339.4 13.64 4 922 830 19.6 17.1 85 2.5 17.9 166 25 299.6 302.1 294.0 338.8 13.42 5 885 1181 16.6 16.0 96 0.6 16.2 170 22 300.1 302.4 293.9 338.2 13.03 6 878 1249 16.2 15.1 93 1.1 15.5 170 22 300.3 302.6 293.5 336.6 12.39 7 876 1269 16.2 14.7 91 1.5 15.2 170 22 300.5 302.7 293.3 336.0 12.09 8 875 1278 16.4 13.8 85 2.6 14.7 170 23 300.8 302.9 292.9 334.4 11.41 9 871 1317 18.4 8.4 52 10.0 12.3 170 24 303.3 304.8 290.9 327.1 7.96 10 869 1337 19.0 8.0 49 11.0 12.3 170 24 304.1 305.6 291.0 327.4 7.76 11 850 1527 17.8 5.8 45 12.0 10.8 170 29 304.8 306.1 290.4 325.4 6.81 12 845 1577 17.4 5.4 45 12.0 10.4 169 28 304.9 306.1 290.3 325.1 6.67 13 844 1587 17.4 3.4 39 14.0 9.6 169 27 305.0 306.1 289.5 322.6 5.79 14 842 1608 18.4 -6.6 18 25.0 6.6 169 27 306.2 306.8 287.1 314.9 2.77 15 839 1638 18.6 -5.4 19 24.0 7.0 168 26 306.8 307.3 287.5 316.3 3.04 16 816 1875 17.6 -2.4 25 20.0 7.3 166 20 308.2 308.9 288.9 320.4 3.93 17 718 2954 11.4 -17.6 11 29.0 0.4 182 17 312.8 313.1 287.9 317.3 1.33 18 716 2977 11.4 -18.6 10 30.0 0.3 181 16 313.1 313.3 287.8 317.2 1.23 19 706 3095 11.8 -23.2 7 35.0 -0.2 159 14 314.8 314.9 288.0 317.7 0.84 20 700 3166 11.6 -19.4 10 31.0 0.1 125 12 315.3 315.6 288.5 319.3 1.17 21 695 3226 11.2 -18.8 10 30.0 0.0 125 12 315.5 315.8 288.6 319.7 1.25 22 681 3396 11.4 -35.6 2 47.0 -1.4 121 12 317.6 317.7 288.3 318.6 0.27 23 673 3494 10.8 -36.2 2 47.0 -1.9 110 10 318.0 318.1 288.4 318.9 0.26 24 660 3657 10.2 -13.8 17 24.0 0.1 92 8 319.1 319.5 290.5 325.8 1.99 25 658 3682 10.0 -6.0 32 16.0 2.1 92 8 319.2 319.9 292.0 331.3 3.71 26 650 3784 9.6 -14.4 17 24.0 -0.3 112 7 319.8 320.2 290.6 326.3 1.93 27 639 3925 8.2 -6.8 34 15.0 1.0 141 5 319.8 320.5 292.2 331.6 3.59 28 618 4200 6.2 -9.8 31 16.0 -1.0 196 2 320.6 321.1 291.8 330.3 2.94 29 567 4898 0.0 -13.0 37 13.0 -5.3 260 5 321.3 321.8 291.6 329.6 2.48 30 512 5705 -7.3 -13.3 62 6.0 -9.6 253 12 321.9 322.5 292.0 330.9 2.68 31 504 5828 -8.3 -14.3 62 6.0 -10.5 251 13 322.2 322.7 291.9 330.6 2.51 32 500 5890 -8.5 -18.5 44 10.0 -11.8 250 13 322.7 323.0 291.3 328.7 1.78 33 499 5906 -8.3 -18.3 44 10.0 -11.7 250 13 323.1 323.5 291.5 329.3 1.81 34 494 5984 -8.7 -20.7 37 12.0 -12.5 250 14 323.5 323.8 291.3 328.7 1.49 35 492 6015 -8.7 -22.7 31 14.0 -12.9 250 14 323.9 324.2 291.2 328.3 1.25 36 477 6254 -10.3 -26.3 26 16.0 -14.6 246 17 324.8 325.0 291.2 328.1 0.94 37 469 6384 -11.3 -22.3 40 11.0 -14.6 242 19 325.2 325.4 291.7 329.9 1.36 38 418 7253 -19.1 -23.6 68 4.5 -20.3 237 29 326.0 326.3 291.9 330.8 1.36 39 414 7325 -19.5 -24.5 64 5.0 -20.8 241 30 326.4 326.7 291.9 330.9 1.27 40 406 7470 -19.9 -22.0 83 2.1 -20.5 249 30 327.7 328.0 292.6 333.4 1.62 41 400 7580 -20.5 -24.0 73 3.5 -21.4 255 31 328.3 328.6 292.6 333.2 1.37 42 397 7636 -20.9 -25.9 64 5.0 -22.1 251 32 328.5 328.8 292.4 332.7 1.17 43 375 8055 -24.3 -29.3 63 5.0 -25.3 263 30 329.4 329.6 292.4 332.7 0.90 44 371 8133 -24.9 -29.9 63 5.0 -25.9 262 30 329.6 329.8 292.4 332.8 0.86 45 369 8172 -25.1 -28.2 75 3.1 -25.8 261 30 329.9 330.1 292.7 333.5 1.02 46 357 8411 -27.1 -28.7 86 1.6 -27.4 257 28 330.3 330.5 292.8 334.0 1.00 47 356 8432 -27.3 -28.9 86 1.6 -27.6 257 28 330.3 330.5 292.7 333.9 0.99 48 351 8533 -28.1 -30.5 80 2.4 -28.5 255 28 330.6 330.8 292.7 333.7 0.86 49 339 8782 -30.5 -31.1 94 0.6 -30.6 251 26 330.6 330.8 292.7 333.7 0.84 50 328 9016 -32.1 -35.8 70 3.7 -32.6 247 27 331.6 331.7 292.7 333.6 0.55 51 319 9212 -33.7 -36.6 75 2.9 -34.1 246 27 332.0 332.1 292.8 333.9 0.52 52 315 9300 -34.5 -38.4 68 3.9 -35.0 246 28 332.1 332.2 292.7 333.7 0.44 53 310 9412 -35.3 -38.6 72 3.3 -35.7 248 28 332.5 332.6 292.8 334.1 0.44 54 309 9435 -35.5 -40.5 60 5.0 -36.0 248 28 332.5 332.6 292.7 333.9 0.36 55 302 9594 -36.7 -42.7 54 6.0 -37.2 250 29 333.0 333.1 292.8 334.1 0.29 56 300 9640 -37.1 -42.1 60 5.0 -37.6 250 29 333.1 333.1 292.9 334.3 0.31 57 250 10870 -47.1 -52.1 56 5.0 -47.3 275 45 336.0 336.1 293.4 336.5 0.12 58 200 12320 -54.7 -63.7 32 9.0 -54.9 280 96 346.1 346.2 295.8 346.3 0.04 59 184 12844 -55.9 -70.1 15 14.2 -56.1 280 103 352.6 352.6 297.2 352.7 0.02 60 150 14120 -58.7 -85.7 2 27.0 -58.9 250 61 368.9 368.9 300.4 369.0 0.00 61 102 16445 -75.3 -88.3 11 13.0 -75.3 235 49 380.1 380.1 302.3 380.1 0.00 62 100 16560 -74.7 -88.7 10 14.0 -74.7 230 49 383.4 383.4 302.8 383.4 0.00 63 94 16922 -72.3 -89.3 6 17.0 -72.3 230 51 395.0 395.0 304.5 395.0 0.00 64 91 17112 -72.9 -88.9 7 16.0 -72.9 231 51 397.5 397.5 304.9 397.5 0.00 65 88 17309 -71.5 -89.5 5 18.0 -71.6 235 45 404.1 404.1 305.7 404.1 0.00 66 83 17654 -72.3 -89.3 6 17.0 -72.3 243 35 409.3 409.3 306.4 409.3 0.00 67 71 18559 -78.3 -90.3 13 12.0 -78.3 195 18 415.2 415.2 307.2 415.2 0.00 68 70 18640 -76.9 -90.9 9 14.0 -76.9 195 31 419.9 419.9 307.7 419.9 0.00 69 68 18806 -76.3 -91.3 8 15.0 -76.3 185 26 424.7 424.7 308.3 424.7 0.00 70 67 18892 -74.1 -90.1 7 16.0 -74.2 180 23 431.2 431.2 309.0 431.2 0.00 71 66 18980 -73.7 -91.7 5 18.0 -73.7 191 26 434.0 434.0 309.3 434.0 0.00 72 60 19547 -65.5 -91.5 2 26.0 -65.7 172 15 464.3 464.3 312.1 464.3 0.00 73 53 20297 -66.9 -89.9 3 23.0 -67.1 37 12 477.8 477.8 313.2 477.8 0.00 74 50 20650 -65.1 -90.1 2 25.0 -65.4 50 4 490.1 490.1 314.2 490.1 0.00 75 46 21160 -63.3 -89.3 2 26.0 -63.7 54 2 506.2 506.2 315.4 506.3 0.00 76 44 21433 -64.7 -89.7 2 25.0 -65.1 50 2 509.3 509.3 315.6 509.3 0.00 77 34 23042 -55.3 -86.3 1 31.0 -56.7 18 4 573.0 573.0 319.3 573.0 0.01 78 30 23840 -55.9 -86.9 1 31.0 -57.3 45 10 592.2 592.2 320.3 592.3 0.01 79 22 25842 -50.5 -84.5 1 34.0 -53.6 104 12 663.3 663.3 323.2 663.4 0.01 80 20 26470 -46.3 -83.3 1 37.0 -51.0 115 17 694.5 694.5 324.3 694.6 0.02 81 18 27168 -47.5 -83.5 1 36.0 -52.1 102 11 711.9 711.9 324.8 712.1 0.02 82 16 27951 -45.1 -83.1 1 38.0 -51.0 351 6 744.1 744.1 325.8 744.3 0.02 83 15 28381 -45.9 -82.9 1 37.0 -51.7 8 1 755.3 755.4 326.1 755.6 0.03 84 14 28843 -42.7 -81.7 1 39.0 -50.1 78 6 781.2 781.3 326.8 781.6 0.04 85 13 29341 -44.7 -82.7 1 38.0 -51.5 155 10 791.0 791.1 327.0 791.3 0.03 86 11 30464 -42.5 -82.5 0 40.0 -51.0 284 8 837.8 837.8 328.1 838.1 0.04 87 10 31110 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -50.9 350 6 865.4 865.4 328.7 865.8 0.05 88 9.9 31178 -41.3 -82.3 0 41.0 -51.0 346 6 867.9 867.9 328.8 868.3 0.05 89 9.5 31460 -37.9 -79.9 0 42.0 -49.6 328 6 891.0 891.1 329.2 891.8 0.07 90 8.9 31910 -36.3 -79.3 0 43.0 -49.3 299 6 914.0 914.1 329.7 914.9 0.08 91 8.2 32475 -38.7 -80.7 0 42.0 -50.7 264 6 926.2 926.2 329.9 927.0 0.07 92 7.9 32731 -38.1 -80.1 0 42.0 -50.7 248 6 938.5 938.6 330.1 939.4 0.08 93 7.6 32999 -35.1 -78.1 0 43.0 -49.7 231 6 961.1 961.1 330.5 962.4 0.12 94 7.4 33184 -36.3 -79.3 0 43.0 -50.3 219 6 963.5 963.6 330.6 964.7 0.10 95 7.0 33570 -35.1 -78.1 0 43.0 -50.1 195 6 983.9 984.0 330.9 985.4 0.13 96 6.2 34421 -32.5 -76.5 0 44.0 -49.9 1029.8 1029.9 331.6 1032.1 0.19 TRP 102 16445 -75.3 -88.3 11 13.0 -75.3 235 49 380.1 380.1 302.3 380.1 0.00 WND 184 12844 -55.9 -70.1 15 14.2 -56.1 280 103 352.6 352.6 297.2 352.7 0.02 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5768.00 m Freezing level: 567.00 mb = 4898.44 m = 16070.80 ft Wetbulb zero: 709.80 mb = 3049.90 m = 10006.12 ft Precipitable water: 1.33 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 42.45 % Est. max temperature: 32.31 C = 90.15 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 970.05 mb = 388.32 m = 1274.01 ft T: 22.20 C 700-500 lapse rate: 7.38 C/km ThetaE index: 19.67 C Layer 974.0- 869.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 919.54 mb = 852.91 m = 2798.24 ft Mean mixing ratio: 15.59 g/kg Conv temperature: 27.62 C = 81.72 F Cap Strength: 3.73 C Lifted Index: -3.25 C Risk: Severe thunderstorms possible Lifted Index @300 mb: -5.24 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.79 C Showalter Index: 5.02 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 40.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 26.30 C Cross Totals Index: 14.30 C K Index: 1.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 140.60 Risk: None Energy Index: 0.85 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 1110.19 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 47.12 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 4.16 J/kg Cap Strength: 3.67 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 937.08 mb = 689.10 m = 2260.81 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): 902.08 mb = 1017.35 m = 3337.74 ft Equ Level (EL): 872.08 mb = 1306.82 m = 4287.42 ft B at Equ Level: 14.93 J/kg Max Parcel Lev (MPL): 842.08 mb = 1606.75 m = 5271.44 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 201 at 11 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 1013 6 135 10 -7.1 7.1 | 74 11 -11.0 -3.2 1 1000 122 145 17 -9.8 13.9 | 105 14 -13.7 3.7 2 979 305 145 25 -14.3 20.5 | 119 21 -18.3 10.2 3 946 610 155 23 -9.7 20.8 | 128 17 -13.7 10.6 4 925 802 165 25 -6.5 24.1 | 143 17 -10.4 13.9 5 913 914 170 27 -4.7 26.6 | 152 19 -8.7 16.4 6 881 1219 170 21 -3.6 20.7 | 144 13 -7.6 10.5 7 850 1524 170 30 -5.2 29.5 | 155 21 -9.2 19.3 8 850 1527 170 29 -5.0 28.6 | 154 20 -9.0 18.3 9 820 1829 165 20 -5.2 19.3 | 135 13 -9.1 9.1 10 791 2134 170 21 -3.6 20.7 | 144 13 -7.6 10.5 11 763 2438 150 17 -8.5 14.7 | 110 13 -12.5 4.5 12 736 2743 185 18 1.6 17.9 | 163 8 -2.4 7.7 13 710 3048 180 16 0.0 16.0 | 146 7 -4.0 5.8 14 700 3166 125 12 -9.8 6.9 | 76 14 -13.8 -3.3 15 684 3353 125 12 -9.8 6.9 | 76 14 -13.8 -3.3 16 659 3658 90 8 -8.0 0.0 | 49 16 -12.0 -10.2 17 611 4267 215 1 0.6 0.8 | 20 10 -3.4 -9.4 18 567 4877 260 5 4.9 0.9 | 354 9 1.0 -9.4 19 546 5182 260 10 9.8 1.7 | 325 10 5.9 -8.5 20 500 5890 250 13 12.2 4.4 | 305 10 8.3 -5.8 21 487 6096 250 15 14.1 5.1 | 297 11 10.1 -5.1 22 431 7010 225 28 19.8 19.8 | 239 19 15.8 9.6 23 400 7580 255 31 29.9 8.0 | 275 26 26.0 -2.2 24 398 7620 250 32 30.1 10.9 | 268 26 26.1 0.7 25 381 7925 265 31 30.9 2.7 | 286 28 26.9 -7.5 26 335 8839 250 26 24.4 8.9 | 274 21 20.5 -1.3 27 322 9144 245 27 24.5 11.4 | 267 21 20.5 1.2 28 300 9640 250 29 27.3 9.9 | 271 23 23.3 -0.3 29 250 10870 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 289 43 40.9 -14.2 30 246 10973 275 45 44.8 -3.9 | 289 43 40.9 -14.2 31 235 11278 280 48 47.3 -8.3 | 293 47 43.3 -18.6 32 204 12192 275 98 97.6 -8.5 | 281 96 93.7 -18.8 33 200 12320 280 96 94.5 -16.7 | 287 94 90.6 -26.9 34 184 12844 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 286 101 97.5 -28.1 35 176 13106 280 103 101.4 -17.9 | 286 101 97.5 -28.1 36 152 14021 265 60 59.8 5.2 | 275 56 55.8 -5.0 37 150 14120 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 259 54 53.4 10.6 38 145 14326 250 61 57.3 20.9 | 259 54 53.4 10.6 39 125 15240 245 60 54.4 25.4 | 253 53 50.4 15.1 40 102 16445 235 49 40.1 28.1 | 244 40 36.2 17.9 41 100 16560 230 49 37.5 31.5 | 238 40 33.6 21.3 42 97 16764 230 49 37.5 31.5 | 238 40 33.6 21.3 43 92 17069 230 52 39.8 33.4 | 237 43 35.9 23.2 44 78 17983 250 25 23.5 8.6 | 275 20 19.5 -1.7 45 74 18288 230 13 10.0 8.4 | 287 6 6.0 -1.9 46 71 18593 190 19 3.3 18.7 | 176 9 -0.7 8.5 47 70 18640 195 31 8.0 29.9 | 192 20 4.1 19.7 48 67 18898 180 23 0.0 23.0 | 163 13 -4.0 12.8 49 64 19202 215 33 18.9 27.0 | 222 23 15.0 16.8 50 61 19507 175 16 -1.4 15.9 | 137 8 -5.4 5.7 51 58 19812 160 10 -3.4 9.4 | 84 7 -7.4 -0.8 52 55 20117 30 16 -8.0 -13.9 | 26 27 -12.0 -24.1 53 50 20650 50 4 -3.1 -2.6 | 29 15 -7.0 -12.8 54 45 21336 55 2 -1.6 -1.1 | 26 13 -5.6 -11.4 55 37 22555 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 21 11 -4.0 -10.2 56 30 23840 45 10 -7.1 -7.1 | 33 21 -11.0 -17.3 57 28 24384 40 9 -5.8 -6.9 | 30 20 -9.7 -17.1 58 26 24689 75 12 -11.6 -3.1 | 49 20 -15.6 -13.3 59 25 24994 100 12 -11.8 2.1 | 63 18 -15.8 -8.1 60 24 25298 110 10 -9.4 3.4 | 63 15 -13.4 -6.8 61 23 25603 75 10 -9.7 -2.6 | 47 19 -13.6 -12.8 62 22 25908 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 70 17 -16.2 -5.8 63 20 26470 115 17 -15.4 7.2 | 81 20 -19.4 -3.0 64 20 26518 100 10 -9.8 1.7 | 58 16 -13.8 -8.5 65 19 26822 115 17 -15.4 7.2 | 81 20 -19.4 -3.0 66 18 27127 110 13 -12.2 4.4 | 70 17 -16.2 -5.8 67 17 27432 60 2 -1.7 -1.0 | 27 13 -5.7 -11.2 68 17 27737 345 10 2.6 -9.7 | 4 20 -1.4 -19.9 69 15 28346 0 0 -0.0 -0.0 | 21 11 -4.0 -10.2 70 13 29261 140 10 -6.4 7.7 | 76 11 -10.4 -2.6 71 13 29566 190 10 1.7 9.8 | 80 2 -2.2 -0.4 72 10 31110 350 6 1.0 -5.9 | 10 16 -2.9 -16.1 73 7 33570 195 6 1.6 5.8 | 29 5 -2.4 -4.4 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 171.2 at 14.6 knts Storm direction: 201.2 at 11.0 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 3.5 neg: 1.6 tot: 5.1 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 74.1 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 129.2 neg: -56.2 tot: 73.0 m^2/s^2 ave: 24.3 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.26 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 12.1 stream: 3.2 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.73 Bulk Rich Number: 89.63 Bulk Shear: 12.39 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 146 21 114 17| 14.8 0.0 14.8| 52.3 0.0 52.3 104.5 0.71| 19.0 13.6 1000 155 23 127 17| 9.2 0.0 9.2| 90.2 -1.8 88.5 88.5 0.72| 15.0 10.8 1500 160 23 135 17| 6.2 1.5 7.6|102.5 -7.7 94.9 63.3 0.54| 14.1 7.6 2000 162 23 137 16| 4.6 1.2 5.8|105.1 -30.1 74.9 37.5 0.35| 13.2 4.6 2500 162 22 136 15| 3.7 1.9 5.6|111.3 -53.3 58.0 23.2 0.21| 12.5 2.7 3000 164 22 137 14| 3.5 1.6 5.1|129.2 -56.2 73.0 24.3 0.26| 12.1 3.2 4000 160 19 125 13| 3.3 3.2 6.6|130.4-119.4 11.0 2.8 -0.03| 12.8 -0.3 5000 161 15 116 10| 3.2 2.6 5.7|130.4-140.7 -10.3 -2.1 -0.11| 11.3 -1.2 6000 171 15 124 8| 2.6 1.7 4.3|130.4-160.0 -29.6 -4.9 -0.16| 10.1 -1.6 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KBRO/skewt/KBRO.skewt.20250429.12.gif