UPPER AIR CALCULATIONS AND PLOTTING (Ver 5.52-LINUX-X11) Current filename: /home/data/upa/2025123100.upa.cvt Date: 0000Z 31 DEC 25 Searching for KALB... Searching the city database file for: KALB ... Date:0000Z 31 DEC 25 Station: KALB WMO ident: 72518 Latitude: 42.75 Longitude: -73.80 Elevation: 89.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEV PRES HGHT TEMP DEWP RH DD WETB DIR SPD THETA THE-V THE-W THE-E W mb m C C % C C deg knt K K K K g/kg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1000 16 SFC 988 89 -4.7 -10.7 63 6.0 -6.4 270 7 269.4 269.7 267.4 274.1 1.71 2 984 122 -6.5 -12.5 62 6.0 -8.1 275 7 267.9 268.1 266.0 272.0 1.48 3 976 189 -7.1 -11.7 70 4.6 -8.4 286 7 267.9 268.2 266.2 272.3 1.60 4 956 357 -7.9 -11.7 74 3.8 -8.9 298 9 268.7 269.0 266.8 273.2 1.63 5 930 580 -9.1 -13.2 72 4.1 -10.1 269 11 269.6 269.8 267.2 273.7 1.48 6 925 623 -9.5 -13.4 73 3.9 -10.5 265 12 269.6 269.8 267.1 273.7 1.47 7 876 1041 -13.1 -15.7 81 2.6 -13.7 257 22 270.1 270.3 267.1 273.7 1.28 8 850 1270 -14.5 -17.3 79 2.8 -15.1 260 26 271.0 271.1 267.5 274.2 1.16 9 843 1333 -15.1 -17.9 79 2.8 -15.7 262 28 271.0 271.2 267.4 274.1 1.11 10 834 1414 -15.7 -18.5 79 2.8 -16.3 264 30 271.2 271.3 267.5 274.2 1.06 11 771 2000 -20.5 -23.5 77 3.0 -21.0 278 42 272.2 272.3 267.5 274.3 0.74 12 731 2392 -23.7 -26.7 76 3.0 -24.1 288 48 272.8 272.9 267.7 274.6 0.59 13 704 2666 -25.5 -28.4 77 2.9 -25.8 294 58 273.8 273.9 268.2 275.4 0.52 14 700 2707 -25.5 -28.5 76 3.0 -25.9 295 60 274.2 274.3 268.5 275.8 0.52 15 698 2728 -25.1 -28.1 76 3.0 -25.5 295 59 274.9 275.0 269.0 276.5 0.54 16 669 3037 -23.5 -26.9 74 3.4 -24.0 305 62 280.1 280.2 272.3 282.0 0.63 17 668 3048 -23.5 -26.9 74 3.4 -24.0 305 62 280.2 280.3 272.3 282.1 0.63 18 661 3125 -23.3 -26.5 75 3.2 -23.8 304 62 281.3 281.4 273.1 283.3 0.66 19 653 3215 -23.3 -26.4 76 3.1 -23.8 304 63 282.2 282.4 273.6 284.3 0.68 20 639 3373 -24.1 -27.7 72 3.6 -24.6 302 64 283.1 283.2 274.0 285.0 0.61 21 632 3453 -23.9 -27.7 71 3.8 -24.4 302 64 284.2 284.3 274.6 286.1 0.62 22 626 3523 -23.9 -27.7 71 3.8 -24.5 301 64 285.0 285.1 275.0 286.9 0.63 23 600 3832 -25.3 -29.6 67 4.3 -25.9 299 64 286.8 286.9 275.9 288.6 0.55 24 541 4579 -28.9 -33.9 62 5.0 -29.5 293 60 291.2 291.2 277.9 292.5 0.40 25 507 5041 -30.9 -36.9 56 6.0 -31.4 287 60 294.2 294.2 279.2 295.3 0.32 26 500 5140 -30.7 -36.7 56 6.0 -31.3 285 60 295.6 295.7 279.8 296.7 0.33 27 445 5959 -36.1 -46.1 35 10.0 -36.7 295 57 298.8 298.8 281.0 299.3 0.14 28 407 6572 -41.7 -50.7 37 9.0 -42.1 295 67 299.3 299.3 281.1 299.6 0.09 29 400 6690 -42.5 -51.5 37 9.0 -42.9 295 68 299.8 299.8 281.4 300.1 0.08 30 374 7137 -46.3 -53.3 45 7.0 -46.5 283 73 300.5 300.5 281.7 300.8 0.07 31 338 7800 -50.7 -56.7 49 6.0 -50.8 277 73 303.4 303.4 282.8 303.6 0.05 32 329 7974 -51.3 -58.3 43 7.0 -51.4 276 72 304.9 304.9 283.4 305.1 0.04 33 321 8133 -51.9 -57.9 48 6.0 -52.0 279 70 306.2 306.2 284.0 306.4 0.05 34 318 8194 -52.1 -58.1 48 6.0 -52.2 280 69 306.8 306.8 284.1 306.9 0.05 35 311 8337 -51.5 -57.5 49 6.0 -51.7 276 70 309.6 309.6 285.2 309.8 0.05 36 307 8421 -51.9 -58.9 43 7.0 -52.1 274 71 310.1 310.2 285.4 310.3 0.04 37 300 8570 -50.1 -58.1 38 8.0 -50.3 275 75 314.7 314.7 287.1 314.9 0.05 38 295 8681 -48.9 -56.9 39 8.0 -49.1 275 75 318.0 318.0 288.2 318.2 0.06 39 279 9048 -49.3 -58.3 34 9.0 -49.6 278 71 322.5 322.5 289.6 322.7 0.05 40 269 9288 -48.9 -58.9 30 10.0 -49.2 276 64 326.5 326.5 290.7 326.7 0.05 41 250 9770 -49.9 -60.9 26 11.0 -50.2 260 55 331.9 331.9 292.3 332.1 0.04 42 231 10284 -51.9 -64.9 20 13.0 -52.2 256 61 336.4 336.4 293.4 336.5 0.03 43 209 10939 -46.5 -62.5 15 16.0 -47.1 270 67 354.6 354.7 297.7 354.8 0.04 44 200 11230 -47.5 -64.5 12 17.0 -48.1 280 54 357.6 357.6 298.2 357.7 0.03 45 157 12800 -56.1 -76.1 6 20.0 -56.4 250 54 368.6 368.6 300.3 368.6 0.01 46 156 12841 -56.3 -76.3 6 20.0 -56.6 250 55 368.9 368.9 300.4 368.9 0.01 47 154 12923 -56.3 -76.3 6 20.0 -56.6 250 58 370.3 370.3 300.6 370.3 0.01 48 150 13090 -55.9 -76.9 6 21.0 -56.2 250 64 373.8 373.8 301.2 373.8 0.01 49 140 13530 -52.9 -76.9 4 24.0 -53.4 248 75 386.5 386.5 303.3 386.5 0.01 50 138 13622 -52.5 -76.5 4 24.0 -53.0 254 79 388.8 388.8 303.6 388.8 0.01 51 136 13716 -52.7 -77.0 4 24.3 -53.2 260 84 390.1 390.1 303.8 390.1 0.01 52 132 13908 -53.1 -78.1 3 25.0 -53.6 260 84 392.7 392.7 304.2 392.7 0.01 53 126 14207 -51.7 -77.7 3 26.0 -52.3 254 74 400.5 400.5 305.3 400.5 0.01 54 125 14259 -51.7 -77.7 3 26.0 -52.3 252 71 401.4 401.4 305.4 401.4 0.01 55 121 14469 -51.9 -78.9 3 27.0 -52.5 245 67 404.8 404.8 305.9 404.8 0.01 56 111 15023 -53.9 -81.9 2 28.0 -54.5 235 70 411.1 411.1 306.6 411.1 0.00 57 109 15140 -53.7 -82.7 2 29.0 -54.3 235 70 413.6 413.6 307.0 413.7 0.00 58 108 15199 -53.7 -82.7 2 29.0 -54.3 235 70 414.7 414.7 307.1 414.8 0.00 59 101 15627 -54.9 -84.9 1 30.0 -55.4 248 61 420.5 420.5 307.7 420.5 0.00 60 100 15690 -55.1 -85.1 1 30.0 -55.6 250 60 421.3 421.3 307.9 421.3 0.00 61 90 16365 -55.9 -85.9 1 30.0 -56.4 255 53 432.6 432.6 309.1 432.6 0.00 62 89 16436 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -56.2 255 52 434.3 434.3 309.3 434.4 0.00 63 87 16581 -55.7 -85.7 1 30.0 -56.3 251 55 437.2 437.2 309.6 437.2 0.00 64 70 17960 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.6 230 62 457.9 457.9 311.6 458.0 0.00 65 67 18234 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.0 227 63 462.9 462.9 312.0 462.9 0.00 66 64 18520 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -61.1 227 61 466.3 466.3 312.3 466.3 0.00 67 62 18719 -57.1 -87.1 1 30.0 -57.8 229 58 478.6 478.6 313.3 478.6 0.00 68 61 18821 -56.7 -86.7 1 30.0 -57.4 229 56 481.7 481.7 313.6 481.7 0.00 69 53 19706 -59.3 -88.3 1 29.0 -59.9 218 48 495.4 495.4 314.6 495.4 0.00 70 50 20070 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.0 215 56 500.9 500.9 315.0 500.9 0.00 71 49 20197 -59.5 -88.5 1 29.0 -60.1 213 54 506.2 506.2 315.4 506.2 0.00 72 48 20326 -58.3 -88.3 1 30.0 -59.0 217 53 512.0 512.0 315.8 512.1 0.00 73 47 20459 -59.1 -88.1 1 29.0 -59.8 220 52 513.2 513.2 315.8 513.2 0.00 74 38 21775 -65.7 -91.7 2 26.0 -66.1 227 58 528.6 528.6 316.8 528.6 0.00 75 35 22272 -68.7 -94.7 1 26.0 -68.9 239 55 533.3 533.3 317.1 533.3 0.00 76 32 22818 -62.1 -91.1 1 29.0 -62.8 239 61 564.8 564.8 318.9 564.8 0.00 77 30 23220 -60.1 -89.1 1 29.0 -61.0 230 71 580.8 580.8 319.7 580.8 0.00 78 28 23649 -60.5 -89.5 1 29.0 -61.4 234 67 591.3 591.3 320.2 591.3 0.00 79 26 24111 -58.9 -87.9 1 29.0 -60.1 225 61 608.5 608.5 321.0 608.5 0.01 80 22 25150 -61.5 -89.5 1 28.0 -62.5 228 70 630.5 630.5 321.9 630.5 0.01 81 22 25150 -61.9 -89.9 1 28.0 -62.9 228 70 629.3 629.3 321.9 629.3 0.01 82 20 25740 -61.1 -90.1 1 29.0 -62.3 220 72 649.1 649.2 322.6 649.2 0.01 83 19 26058 -60.7 -89.7 1 29.0 -62.0 217 74 660.0 660.0 323.0 660.0 0.01 84 18 26395 -59.3 -89.3 1 30.0 -60.9 225 79 674.7 674.7 323.6 674.7 0.01 85 17 26754 -57.9 -87.9 1 30.0 -59.8 229 81 690.3 690.3 324.1 690.4 0.01 86 13 28424 -62.7 -89.7 1 27.0 -64.1 240 100 728.7 728.7 325.3 728.8 0.01 87 12 28916 -63.5 -90.5 1 27.0 -64.8 240 106 742.8 742.8 325.7 742.8 0.01 88 10 30060 -53.9 -85.9 1 32.0 -57.9 240 132 818.4 818.4 327.7 818.6 0.02 89 9.8 30190 -53.9 -84.9 1 31.0 -58.0 823.1 823.1 327.8 823.4 0.03 90 8.9 30806 -55.9 -70.9 14 15.0 -59.1 838.4 838.5 328.2 841.5 0.30 TRP 318 8194 -52.1 -58.1 48 6.0 -52.2 280 69 306.8 306.8 284.1 306.9 0.05 WND 136 13716 -52.7 -77.0 4 24.3 -53.2 260 84 390.1 390.1 303.8 390.1 0.01 Sounding variables and indices 1000-500 mb thick: 5124.00 m Freezing level: Surface below freezing Wetbulb zero: Below ground Precipitable water: 0.18 inches Sfc-500 mean rel hum: 71.61 % Est. max temperature: -3.01 C = 26.59 F Sfc-Lift cond lev (LCL): 898.35 mb = 847.45 m = 2780.31 ft T: -11.43 C 700-500 lapse rate: 2.14 C/km ThetaE index: 2.11 C Layer 984.0- 976.0 mb Conv cond level (CCL): 858.53 mb = 1194.06 m = 3917.46 ft Mean mixing ratio: 1.50 g/kg Conv temperature: -3.42 C = 25.84 F Cap Strength: 17.48 C Lifted Index: 18.56 C Risk: None Lifted Index @300 mb: 29.39 C Lifted Index @700 mb: 2.34 C Showalter Index: 17.80 C Risk: None Total Totals Index: 29.60 C Risk: None Vertical Totals Index: 16.20 C Cross Totals Index: 13.40 C K Index: -4.10 Risk: None Sweat Index: 112.00 Risk: None Energy Index: 4.65 Risk: None Parcel Indices Parcel: using 100 mb layer CAPE (B+): 8.73 J/kg Max Up Vert Vel: 4.18 m/s Conv Inhibition (B-): 77079.25 J/kg Cap Strength: 17.34 C Lift Cond Lev (LCL): 879.03 mb = 1014.36 m = 3327.92 ft Lev Free Conv (LFC): -1.00 mb = -9999.00 m = -9999.00 ft Wind level data Storm motion: 320 at 36 knt ---------------------------------------------------------- TRUE/GROUND REL | STORM REL LEV P H DIR SPD U V | DIR SPD U V mb m knt m/s | knt m/s ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 988 89 270 7 7.0 -0.0 | 150 31 -15.7 27.3 1 962 305 305 8 6.6 -4.6 | 145 28 -16.2 22.7 2 927 610 265 11 11.0 1.0 | 157 31 -11.8 28.3 3 925 623 265 12 12.0 1.0 | 159 30 -10.8 28.3 4 890 914 255 20 19.3 5.2 | 174 33 -3.4 32.5 5 856 1219 260 25 24.6 4.3 | 183 32 1.9 31.6 6 850 1270 260 26 25.6 4.5 | 185 32 2.9 31.8 7 788 1829 275 41 40.8 -3.6 | 217 30 18.1 23.7 8 756 2134 280 43 42.3 -7.5 | 225 28 19.6 19.8 9 726 2438 290 49 46.0 -16.8 | 246 26 23.3 10.5 10 700 2707 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 267 32 31.7 1.9 11 697 2743 295 59 53.5 -24.9 | 266 31 30.8 2.4 12 668 3048 305 62 50.8 -35.6 | 286 29 28.1 -8.3 13 614 3658 300 65 56.3 -32.5 | 279 34 33.6 -5.2 14 564 4267 295 60 54.4 -25.4 | 267 32 31.7 1.9 15 519 4877 290 59 55.4 -20.2 | 258 33 32.7 7.1 16 500 5140 285 60 58.0 -15.5 | 252 37 35.2 11.8 17 476 5486 285 54 52.2 -14.0 | 246 32 29.4 13.3 18 455 5791 295 56 50.8 -23.7 | 263 28 28.0 3.6 19 436 6096 295 57 51.7 -24.1 | 264 29 28.9 3.2 20 417 6401 295 66 59.8 -27.9 | 271 37 37.1 -0.6 21 400 6690 295 68 61.6 -28.7 | 272 39 38.9 -1.4 22 399 6706 295 66 59.8 -27.9 | 271 37 37.1 -0.6 23 381 7010 285 75 72.4 -19.4 | 261 50 49.7 7.9 24 364 7315 280 71 69.9 -12.3 | 252 50 47.2 15.0 25 347 7620 280 72 70.9 -12.5 | 253 50 48.2 14.8 26 331 7925 275 73 72.7 -6.4 | 247 54 50.0 20.9 27 318 8194 280 69 68.0 -12.0 | 251 48 45.2 15.3 28 316 8230 280 70 68.9 -12.2 | 252 49 46.2 15.1 29 302 8534 270 71 71.0 -0.0 | 241 55 48.3 27.3 30 300 8570 275 75 74.7 -6.5 | 248 56 52.0 20.8 31 288 8839 275 76 75.7 -6.6 | 249 57 53.0 20.7 32 275 9144 280 68 67.0 -11.8 | 251 47 44.3 15.5 33 251 9754 265 52 51.8 4.5 | 222 43 29.1 31.8 34 250 9770 260 55 54.2 9.6 | 220 48 31.5 36.8 35 228 10363 255 62 59.9 16.0 | 221 57 37.2 43.3 36 218 10668 270 74 74.0 -0.0 | 242 58 51.3 27.3 37 208 10973 270 66 66.0 -0.0 | 238 51 43.3 27.3 38 200 11230 280 54 53.2 -9.4 | 240 35 30.5 17.9 39 189 11582 285 48 46.4 -12.4 | 238 28 23.7 14.9 40 181 11887 280 54 53.2 -9.4 | 240 35 30.5 17.9 41 164 12497 260 43 42.3 7.5 | 209 40 19.6 34.8 42 157 12802 250 54 50.7 18.5 | 211 54 28.0 45.8 43 150 13090 250 64 60.1 21.9 | 217 62 37.4 49.2 44 150 13106 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 215 58 33.7 47.8 45 143 13411 240 69 59.8 34.5 | 211 72 37.0 61.8 46 136 13716 260 84 82.7 14.6 | 235 73 60.0 41.9 47 130 14021 260 84 82.7 14.6 | 235 73 60.0 41.9 48 124 14326 250 67 63.0 22.9 | 219 64 40.2 50.2 49 118 14630 240 66 57.2 33.0 | 210 69 34.4 60.3 50 112 14935 235 70 57.3 40.2 | 207 76 34.6 67.4 51 107 15240 235 70 57.3 40.2 | 207 76 34.6 67.4 52 100 15690 250 60 56.4 20.5 | 215 58 33.7 47.8 53 98 15850 250 59 55.4 20.2 | 215 58 32.7 47.5 54 93 16154 255 55 53.1 14.2 | 216 51 30.4 41.5 55 89 16459 255 52 50.2 13.5 | 214 49 27.5 40.8 56 84 16764 245 59 53.5 24.9 | 210 61 30.8 52.2 57 81 17069 240 51 44.2 25.5 | 202 57 21.5 52.8 58 77 17374 245 59 53.5 24.9 | 210 61 30.8 52.2 59 73 17678 245 64 58.0 27.0 | 213 65 35.3 54.3 60 70 17960 230 62 47.5 39.9 | 200 72 24.8 67.1 61 70 17983 235 60 49.1 34.4 | 203 67 26.4 61.7 62 66 18288 225 64 45.3 45.3 | 197 76 22.5 72.5 63 60 18898 230 55 42.1 35.4 | 197 66 19.4 62.6 64 57 19202 230 58 44.4 37.3 | 199 68 21.7 64.6 65 52 19812 215 46 26.4 37.7 | 183 65 3.7 65.0 66 50 20070 215 56 32.1 45.9 | 187 74 9.4 73.2 67 50 20117 210 55 27.5 47.6 | 184 75 4.8 74.9 68 47 20422 220 52 33.4 39.8 | 189 68 10.7 67.1 69 45 20726 215 55 31.5 45.1 | 187 73 8.8 72.3 70 43 21031 205 52 22.0 47.1 | 179 74 -0.7 74.4 71 41 21336 215 60 34.4 49.1 | 189 77 11.7 76.4 72 35 22250 240 55 47.6 27.5 | 204 60 24.9 54.8 73 33 22555 230 58 44.4 37.3 | 199 68 21.7 64.6 74 32 22860 240 61 52.8 30.5 | 208 65 30.1 57.8 75 30 23165 235 58 47.5 33.3 | 202 65 24.8 60.6 76 30 23220 230 71 54.4 45.6 | 203 80 31.7 72.9 77 29 23470 225 72 50.9 50.9 | 200 83 28.2 78.2 78 27 23774 240 64 55.4 32.0 | 209 68 32.7 59.3 79 26 24079 225 61 43.1 43.1 | 196 73 20.4 70.4 80 25 24384 225 62 43.8 43.8 | 197 74 21.1 71.1 81 24 24689 220 73 46.9 55.9 | 196 87 24.2 83.2 82 23 24994 225 74 52.3 52.3 | 200 85 29.6 79.6 83 21 25298 230 67 51.3 43.1 | 202 76 28.6 70.4 84 20 25603 220 59 37.9 45.2 | 192 74 15.2 72.5 85 20 25740 220 72 46.3 55.2 | 196 86 23.6 82.4 86 19 25908 210 68 34.0 58.9 | 187 87 11.3 86.2 87 19 26213 225 80 56.6 56.6 | 202 90 33.9 83.9 88 18 26518 225 78 55.2 55.2 | 201 89 32.4 82.4 89 17 26822 230 82 62.8 52.7 | 207 89 40.1 80.0 90 16 27127 235 79 64.7 45.3 | 210 84 42.0 72.6 91 15 27432 235 83 68.0 47.6 | 211 88 45.3 74.9 92 14 28042 240 94 81.4 47.0 | 218 95 58.7 74.3 93 13 28651 240 103 89.2 51.5 | 220 103 66.5 78.8 94 12 28956 240 106 91.8 53.0 | 221 106 69.1 80.3 95 11 29566 240 122 105.7 61.0 | 223 121 82.9 88.3 96 10 29870 240 124 107.4 62.0 | 223 123 84.7 89.3 97 10 30060 240 132 114.3 66.0 | 224 131 91.6 93.3 Wind Parameters Mean winds (0-6000m): 290.2 at 47.3 knts Storm direction: 320.2 at 35.5 knts Shear (0-3000m) pos: 8.5 neg: 2.8 tot: 11.2 10-3/s Storm rel Dir Shear (0-3000m): 135.8 deg Storm rel helicity (0-3000m) pos: 567.4 neg: -19.6 tot: 547.8 m^2/s^2 ave: 182.6 10^-3 m/s^2 rel: 0.87 Storm rel vorticity (0-3000m) horiz: 13.8 stream: 12.0 10^-3/s Energy-Hel index: 0.02 Bulk Rich Number: 0.04 Bulk Shear: 199.18 m/s Storm Parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Depth Mean Inflow| Shear | Helicity | Vorticity AGL Dir Spd Dir Spd| Pos Neg Tot| Pos Neg Tot Ave Rel | Hor Strm m knt knt| 10^-3/s | m^2/s^2 m/s^2 | 10^-3/s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 285 9 150 29| 0.0 3.9 3.9| 43.4 -19.6 23.9 47.8 0.30| 11.0 3.3 1000 266 13 161 30| 0.0 8.3 8.3|145.5 -19.6 125.9 125.9 0.66| 12.1 8.0 1500 265 18 171 29| 4.4 5.5 9.9|251.9 -19.6 232.4 154.9 0.78| 12.5 9.7 2000 269 24 183 28| 5.9 4.1 10.1|337.1 -19.6 317.6 158.8 0.82| 12.3 10.1 2500 275 29 194 25| 8.0 3.3 11.3|452.5 -19.6 432.9 173.2 0.86| 13.3 11.4 3000 283 34 208 23| 8.5 2.8 11.2|567.4 -19.6 547.8 182.6 0.87| 13.8 12.0 4000 290 42 231 21| 6.4 3.0 9.3|567.4 -96.1 471.3 117.8 0.67| 11.7 7.9 5000 290 45 240 23| 5.1 3.3 8.4|567.4-184.8 382.6 76.5 0.50| 10.6 5.2 6000 290 47 243 24| 4.5 2.8 7.3|641.9-223.7 418.3 69.7 0.47| 10.3 4.8 Wrote GIF file: /home/apache/climate/data/raob//KALB/skewt/KALB.skewt.20251231.00.gif